Wiktionary

者

(Redirected from -者)
者 U+8005, 者
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8005
← 耄
[U+8004] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耆 →
[U+8006]

者 U+FA5B, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA5B
← 署
[U+FA5A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 臭 →
[U+FA5C]
者 U+FAB2, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB2
← 缾
[U+FAB1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 荒 →
[U+FAB3]
者 U+2F97A, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97A
← 翺
[U+2F979] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𦓚 →
[U+2F97B]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual edit

Traditional 者
Simplified 者
Japanese 者
Korean 者
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

  • In Korean hanja and occasionally in Japanese, an additional 丶 stroke is written at the bottom right corner of 耂 above 日, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary. In other regions, the additional 丶 stroke has been omitted.
  • Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+FAB2: Alternative form used in North Korea without additional 丶 stroke below 耂.
    • U+FA5B: Japanese kyūjitai with additional 丶 stroke below 耂.
    • U+2F97A: Variant traditional form used in Taiwan with additional 丶 stroke below 耂.

Han character edit

者 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+4, 8 strokes in Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 十大日 (JKA), four-corner 44600, composition ⿱耂日(GHTJV or U+FAB2) or ⿱⿸耂丶日(K or U+FA5B or U+2F97A))

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 961, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28852
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2780, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8005

Further reading edit

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 者
alternative forms 者 variant traditional form
⿱土⿸丿日
⿱圡⿸丿日

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a sugarcane with full leaves and stems, with a mouth under, the original character for either 煮 (OC *tjaʔ, “to boil”) or 蔗 (OC *tjaːɡs, “sugarcane”). Phonetically loaned for abstract meanings.

Top component 耂 is unrelated to 老 and 考.

The variant form with an additional 丶 stroke below 耂 is influenced by Shuowen, which considered 白 as the bottom component of 者.

 
《俗書刊誤》 considered 者 (without 丶) as a variant form, and 者 (with 丶) as the orthodox form.

Etymology edit

one who, -er, nominalizing suffix

Etymologically related to 之 (OC *tjɯ, “nominalizing, possessive particle”) and perhaps colloquial 的 (Pulleyblank, 1995).

Pronunciation edit

Note: sz:3tseu (Suzhounese) - only used in Classical Chinese or otherwise highly literary vocabulary (eg. 之乎者也).
Rime
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章也切
Baxter tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciaX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ze2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhě
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tAʔ/
English (nominalizing particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
No. 16960
Phonetic
component 		者
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		者
Old
Chinese 		/*tjaːʔ/
Notes 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，
爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Definitions edit

者

  1. (Classical) Used at the end of a command.
  2. (Classical) Topicalizer used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.
  3. (literary or regional) this
  4. (agent suffix) -er; -ist; one who ...; person involved in; the things which ...
    記者／记者  ―  jìzhě  ―  journalist
    工作者  ―  gōngzuòzhě  ―  worker
    我父親總是說天助自助者。 [MSC, trad.]
    我父亲总是说天助自助者。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ fùqīn zǒngshì shuō tiān zhù zì zhù zhě. [Pinyin]
    My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.
  5. Used after a number, "before" 前 (qián), or "after" 後／后 (hòu) to refer to something mentioned previously.
    前者  ―  qiánzhě  ―  the former
    後者／后者  ―  hòuzhě  ―  the latter
    如下三者任擇其一。 [MSC, trad.]
    如下三者任择其一。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rúxià sān zhě rèn zé qí yī. [Pinyin]
    There are three alternatives.
  6. a surname: Zhe

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (者):
  • → Japanese: 者(しゃ) (sha)
  • → Korean: 자(者) (ja)
  • → Vietnamese: giả (者)

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai 者
Kyūjitai
[1]
者
&#xFA5B;
or
者+&#xFE00;? 		 
者󠄁
者+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
者󠄃
者+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

者

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 者)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
者
もの
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
者 (kyūjitai)

⟨mo2no2⟩ → /mono/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] Theorized to derive from Proto-Japonic *mənə.

Cognate with 物 (mono, “thing”, physical as opposed to abstract).[2][3][4]

In ancient texts marked with pronunciation information, this character was always read as hito until around the late 800s, at which point the mono reading becomes prevalent.[2] The mono reading has historically often been used with mild pejorative overtones, as compared to the more neutral term 人 (hito).[2][3][4] This may suggest a broadening of the original “thing” sense for mono, which then was applied as a pejorative for a “person”.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

者(もの) • (mono) 

  1. person
    Synonym: 人 (hito)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
者
しゃ
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
者 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 者 (MC tsyaeX).

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

者(しゃ) • (-sha) 

  1. someone of that type, someone who does that
    Synonym: (often not interchangeable) 人 (-jin)
Derived terms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ “者”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

者 (eumhun 놈 자 (nom ja))

  1. Hanja form? of 자 (“person”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
者

Han character edit

者: Hán Việt readings: giả[1][2][3]
者: Nôm readings: trả[2][3][4], giả[1][2], giã[1][2], giở[1], rả[1], dở[2], dã[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of giả (“-er; -ist; one who...”).

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=者&oldid=78664440"