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User:Vahagn Petrosyan/research

< User:Vahagn Petrosyan

I am not a linguist, but there remains a lot of low-hanging fruit in Armenian etymology even for amateurs.

This is a list of entries containing original Armenian etymological and philological research by me and other Wiktionarians. Although I always check the standard references of Armenian (e.g. HAB, J̌ahukyan 1987 and 2010, Olsen 1999, Martirosyan 2010), it is possible some of the stuff is already known. In any case, we came up with the discoveries independently.

My discoveries

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Entries containing my discoveries

My uncertain discoveries

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My tentative proposals, which are too uncertain to go in the mainspace

Others' discoveries

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Entries containing others' discoveries

Proposals which are too uncertain to go in the mainspace:

Unnoticed publications

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Entries containing convincing published etymologies or other useful information which have gone unnoticed in mainstream Armenological literature
  • սափոր (sapʻor) (Henning's Iranian etymology)
  • կզակ (kzak) (Olsen's? Iranian etymology)
  • երինջ (erinǰ) (Kartvelian etymology, as pointed out by User:Abkhazian1)
  • ծեփ (cepʻ) (origin from Georgian, which has a native Kartvelian etymology)
  • կոռ (koṙ) (the Iranian origin, first proposed by Adontz)
  • զավեշտ (zavešt) (Hovhannisyan's? Iranian etymology)
  • մրգուզ (mrguz) (Kerestedjian's and Urišean's comparison with Arabic marjūs, also reached independently by User:Fay Freak with additional materials; Kerestedjian's comparison with Latin murcus; +Syriac comparison by me; +Latin murgisō comparison by Fay Freak)
  • զեղխ (zełx) (Kerestedjian's and Urišean's comparison with Arabic)
  • կէս (kēs) (Kerestedjian's comparison with Persian keh, expanded by me)
  • գայլիկոն (gaylikon) (Kerestedjian's comparison with Greek, +my Syriac cognates, +my Pontic comparison)
  • պարգև (pargew) (Olsen's derivation from Iranian by comparing with Parthian. It is assumed the Iranian words contain *fra- (see *fragáHwah). In my opinion the Armenian may be borrowed from a cognate formation with *pari-. Note that according to Cheung the Sogdian reflex may be formed with *pari-.)
  • սնդիկ (sndik) (Klaproth's Iranian etymology)
  • շուշտ (šušt) (Hiwnkʿearpēyēntean's Iranian etymology)
  • ժուռ (žuṙ) (Kerestedjian's comparison with Kurdish, on which basis I assume an Iranian origin; User:Calak added Central Kurdish parallels)
  • շիտակ (šitak) (Perikhanyan's Iranian etymology)
  • սանտր (santr) (Manns' PIE etymology. I note that the o-stem attested in Pʿarpecʿi fits the etymology, and that the original form is probably սանդր (sandr); for the PIE *nt > նդ (nd) see {{R:xcl:Olsen|page=809}})
  • փուշ (pʻuš) (Asatrian's Iranian parallels; see Talk:փուշ)
  • չաման (čʻaman) (Ačaṙyan assumes that the Armenian, Turkish and "Eastern Turkish" (Azerbaijani) are independently borrowed from unattested Iranian, but the Turkish and Azerbaijani are only found in the dialects of Armenia and are borrowed from Armenian; see the Turkic entries with references. I propose a comparison with the sound correspondence seen in չամիչ (čʻamičʻ).)
  • քաղաք (kʻałakʻ) (the Northern Kurdish parallel by Husein Muhammed in Rehnas – ferhenga etîmolojî ya zimanê kurdî, to which User:Calak added the Central Kurdish cognate)
  • կակաչ (kakačʻ) (Shanidze connects the Georgian cognate with the family of Persian خشخاش (xašxâš), as pointed out by User:Solarkoid at Talk:ყაყაჩო; I have added additional members to that family from the languages of the Caucasus; User:Fay Freak has added Pashto forms; User:Calak has added the Central Kurdish form; both of them propose ultimately a Turkic origin at Talk:կակաչ; I am inclined towards Iranian origin)
  • աշխարաւանդ (ašxarawand) (Rapp connects with Old Georgian შარავანდი (šaravandi))
  • բիճ (bič) (Deeters' derivation from Georgian apud Klimov 1998)
  • բոզ (boz) (according to Gabesḳiria, the borrowing is from Zan, whereas the Georgian is a reborrowing from Armenian; source found by User:Solarkoid)
  • դե (de) (according to Shanidze, borrowed from Georgian; source found by User:Solarkoid)
  • նեխ (nex) (Vogt derives from Kartvelian, which is likely if Fähnrich's Proto-Georgian-Zan reconstruction is secure)
  • ատեան (atean) (D. H. Müller's Semitic origin; User:Fay Freak has added Akkadian adiānu to the comparison)
  • ձախորդ (jaxord) (the Turkish descendant identified by Nshanyan)
  • շողիք (šołikʻ) (Klimov's derivation from Zan)
  • նիշտր (ništr) (Gippert's reconstruction of the nominative as նիշտր (ništr). My comment: He assumes the attested nominative is նշտիր (nštir) and offers an explanation of its development from նիշտր (ništr), but this is unnecessary. The only attested form is the instrumental նշտրով (nštrov) which can support a nominative նիշտր (ništr).)
  • քամակ (kʻamak) (Dervischjan's derivation from Iranian, corroborated by the Yagnobi, Roshani and Khufi terms I found in ESIJa)
  • աղագ (ałag) (A native and an Iranian etymology have been suggested for the closely related Old Georgian ალაგი (alagi). See Talk:ალაგი)
  • երէզ (erēz) (Dočanašvili's connection with Georgian)
  • կճղակ (kčłak) (The Kartvelian material is much richer than is known to Ačaṙean. See it collected at ჩლიქი (čliki) by User:კვარია, with his own additions. See also my thoughts at Talk:ჩლიქი)
  • ամլիկ (amlik) (The Turkic etymon has a well-known and easy native etymology: see əmlik. No need to connect it to ամ (am).)
  • չանչ (čʻančʻ), չեչ (čʻečʻ): Has more Kartvelian comparanda than known to Acharyan. See the material User:კვარია and I collected at *čečw-.
  • մակարդ (makard) (Borrowed into New Greek and Pontic Greek, in addition to Cappadocian Greek. See also Talk:მაკათი for a potential Kartvelian etymology.)
  • կաղ (kał) (The literature on the Caucasian parallels is ignored: see the references in Aghwan 𐕄𐔰𐔾𐔰 (ḳala) and Proto-Kartvelian *ḳel-. I have added Rutul кӏала, кӏалаь, кӏал to the comparison. Note also that Acharyan's Georgian კელი (ḳeli) is unreliable: see Talk:կաղ.)
  • կցեմ (kcʻem) (The supposed Georgian borrowing has a native etymology (*ḳec₁-), so I am taking the the borrowing in the opposite direction)
  • թրեւ (tʻrew) (Klimov's derivation from Georgian)
  • գաւառ (gawaṙ) (Jahukyan's comparison with Middle Persian pargavār, found only in dictionaries without citations. If this Iranian word is secure and is formed with the preverb *pari- (“around”), then the Armenian is an Iranian borrowing. I find one hit for pargavār in the Karnamak edited in Persia. Someone should check it.)
  • բարտի (barti) (The Kartvelian forms have a secure native origin from Proto-Kartvelian *bard- and cannot derive from Armenian. I wonder if the Armenian is a Kartvelian borrowing, but the semantics need an explanation.)
  • արտալայ (artalay) (The Turkish material is much richer. See ardala and Talk:արտալայ.)
  • խիճ (xič) (The Kartvelian material is much richer. See Talk:խիճ with literature and User:კვარია's original additions.)
  • երդ (erd) (The supposed borrowing Mingrelian *ერდობა (*erdoba), ერთობა (ertoba, “*cluster of villages”) does not exist, as noticed by User:Simboyd at Talk:ერთობა.)
  • կթխայ (ktʻxay) (The similarity with Georgian კათხა (ḳatxa) is accidental. See Reconstruction talk:Proto-Kartvelian/ḳatx-.)
  • ուռն (uṙn) (The Caucasian material is much richer. See უროჲ (uroy).)
  • մաքուր (makʻur) (Bouda derives Georgian მაქური (makuri, “whetstone”) from this.)
  • կամ (kam): Aleksiva derives Laz ჩქარ (çkar) from this (found by User:Gubazes). I wonder if the ending of ჩქართე (çkarte) is թե (tʻe).
  • փաթիլ (pʻatʻil): Has rich comparanda which I have summarized at փաթիլ (pʻatʻil). See Talk:փաթիլ for our original proposals on the ultimate origin.
  • կռուիմ (kṙuim): The Georgian cognates are now considered native, so I have taken the borrowing in the opposite direction.
  • ծամ (cam): Jahukyan compares to საწმისი (sac̣misi) and derives from Kartvelian. Now *c̣₁am- has been reconstructed for this, which is very fitting for Armenian. Jahukyan's comparison with წამი (c̣ami) should be abandoned.
  • մագիլ (magil): The Caucasian material is richer. See Nikolayev / Starostin and Saidova.
  • մկռոշ (mkṙoš): Satunin has identified the species as Sciurus anomalus.
  • դահուկ (dahuk): Bruinessen's connection with the Kurdish. I am treating the Armenian as a Kurdish borrowing due to dialectal distribution and lateness. I consider [d-] a spelling pronunciation.
  • ցեց (cʻecʻ): The existence of emphatic Akkadian ṣāṣu is in doubt. See Talk:sāsum. I am therefore considering this word an independent expressive formation and not a Semitic borrowing.
  • ճճի (čči): Inčičean's explanation as an expressive formation.
  • չիղջ (čʻiłǰ): Inčičean's explanation as an expressive formation.
  • սվորիկ (svorik): Marr had connected with Kurdish. I am deriving from Kurdish due to the dialectal distribution and the apparent nativity of Kurdish which has a regular m > v sound law.
  • աքիս (akʻis): Artvinli has recorded akiz in Khevak, a Hamshen village. See here, where by the way they are discussing my etymology of ախազ (axaz) without attribution.
  • երկինք (erkinkʻ): Marr's connection with Laz იკინა-ჩხა (iǩina-çxa), ერკინა-ჩხა (erǩina-çxa, “Tuesday”).
  • բաց (bacʻ): Has a Georgian descendant as noticed by Marr apud Č̣q̇onia.
  • փագեն (pʻagen): Altunkaya 2016 connects with Laz. I am deriving from Laz because the word is native there.
  • կառափն (kaṙapʻn): Schulze derives the Lezghian words from Armenian, but since those are usually considered native, I am taking the borrowing in the opposite direction.
  • մուխ (mux): Klimov has suggested a native origin for the supposed Laz descendant მღუმს (mğums). To me, both the Armenian and Laz look like sound symbolic formations.
  • ակութ (akutʻ): Andronikashvili has suggested a good Ossetian etymology for the supposed Armenian borrowing Georgian აკუთა (aḳuta). I am considering the Armenian to be borrowed from Georgian, because that is the most logical way for Ossetian to enter Armenian.
  • մառախուղ (maṙaxuł): The supposed Georgian borrowing Georgian მარახული (maraxuli) has interesting Nakh parallels found by Ḳaḳašvili. In my opinion, we are dealing with a Northeast Caucasian borrowing in Armenian and Georgian
  • գարշիմ (garšim): Compare Zoller's Indian parallels with depalatalized g-
  • խէչ (xēčʻ): Laz ხაჯკეტი (xacǩeťi) has a transparent inner-Laz etymology and is not borrowed from Armenian
  • խաշար (xašar, “pole, stick”): Georgian ხაშარი (xašari) is native, hence I put the Armenian as a Georgian borrowing
  • վայ (vay): Bolognesi's Iranian etymology first published in 1984. The attempts to treat this as an inherited word won't die to this day.
  • շփոթ (špʻotʻ): According to Andronikashvili, borrowed from Iranian (possibly via Georgian); source found by User:Solarkoid.
  • թրեֆ (tʻref): Radlof connects with the family of Persian ترب (torob). Found by User:Fay Freak.
  • շահպրակ (šahprak): Is not from the Persian "ambergris" word (which is not a flower) but from شب‌بوی (šab-bôy), containing بوی (buy, “smell”). This follows by synthesizing the sources. My comment: Since the classical correspondence of بوی (buy, “smell”) is բոյր (boyr), could -ր- (-r-) explained by it?
  • խիւս (xiws): Thorsø compares to Svan and considers this a Kartvelian borrowing. User:კვარია has added Old Georgian ხევსი (xevsi) to the comparison and believes the Kartvelian forms are not native. Kerestedjian compares to Classical Persian خیسیدن (xīsīdan, “to moisten, knead”). I consider the Old Georgian and Old Armenian to be Iranian borrowings from the family of that Persian word.
  • ցիրդ (cʻird), ցրդի (cʻrdi): Has Laz and Hamshen Turkish descendants, all meaning Juniperus communis var. saxatilis. Perhaps the meaning in Armenian should be corrected to this from the uncertain "savin".
  • իղձ (iłj): It is said there are no cognates with *-l-, but compare Proto-Celtic *ēglā
  • ցեխ (cʻex): Ačaṙean thinks the similarity to Old Georgian ცხება (cxeba) is accidental. In my opinion, the connection is worthy of further investigation: compare especially ցխել (cʻxel) which is closer to the Georgian. We may be dealing with a Georgian-Zan borrowing. Note that Old Georgian ცხება (cxeba) is cognate with reduplicated Mingrelian ცხაცხუა (cxacxua, “to apply, dab (a substance)”) and is reconstructable to the Proto-Georgian-Zan stage.
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