Appendix:Elamite Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of words in Elamite, compared with definitions in English.
Presentation edit
- For further information, read the article: Swadesh list
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist w:Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
List edit
Editorial note: Because cuneiform permits both logographic and syllabic writings, some Elamite words are written only logographically using the logograms used in Sumerian cuneiform; these can be distinguished in the Swadesh list by being in all capitals as is the usual convention for cuneiform logograms.
| No. | English | Elamite |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | u, hu |
| 2 | you (singular) | ni, nu |
| 3 | he, she, it | e |
| 4 | we | ni-ka |
| 5 | you (plural) | nu-mi |
| 6 | they | ap |
| 7 | this | hu, hi |
| 8 | that | ak-ka |
| 9 | here | a-ha, i-ma |
| 10 | there | ah |
| 11 | who | ak-qa |
| 12 | what | appa |
| 13 | where | mur |
| 14 | when | sap, an-ka |
| 15 | how | anka |
| 16 | not | in-na |
| 17 | all | ku-ti-na, mar-be-ip |
| 18 | many | ir-še-ik-ki |
| 19 | some | aš-ki |
| 20 | few | harikki |
| 21 | other | daae |
| 22 | one | ki-ir |
| 23 | two | ma-ir |
| 24 | three | zí-ti |
| 25 | four | |
| 26 | five | tu-ku |
| 27 | big | ir-šá-na |
| 28 | long | me-lu-uk |
| 29 | wide | šadanika |
| 30 | thick | |
| 31 | heavy | ab-ba-ra, |
| 32 | small | harikki |
| 33 | short | |
| 34 | narrow | |
| 35 | thin | zik-ki |
| 36 | woman | zana (lady) |
| 37 | man (adult male) | ru-h, RUH.MEŠ |
| 38 | man (human being) | ruh, LU.lg |
| 39 | child | tur, hh. ma-ul-li |
| 40 | wife | ir-ti |
| 41 | husband | |
| 42 | mother | am-ma |
| 43 | father | at-ta, ad-da |
| 44 | animal | kun, ku-un |
| 45 | fish | |
| 46 | bird | MUŠEN |
| 47 | dog | UR.lg |
| 48 | louse | |
| 49 | snake | ši-in |
| 50 | worm | *krmi- |
| 51 | tree | NGIŠ.hu.sa |
| 52 | forest | hu-sa |
| 53 | stick | ngiš |
| 54 | fruit | bu-ur |
| 55 | seed | zišša |
| 56 | leaf | |
| 57 | root | |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | |
| 59 | flower | mi-ik-ki |
| 60 | grass | NGIŠ.IN.lg |
| 61 | rope | šama |
| 62 | skin | ha-tin, KUŠ.MEŠ |
| 63 | meat | i-iš-ti |
| 64 | blood | sa-an |
| 65 | bone | |
| 66 | fat (noun) | NGIŠ.Ì.lg, ap-pi |
| 67 | egg | |
| 68 | horn | qa-as-su |
| 69 | tail | |
| 70 | feather | putmaš, pu-ut-ma-áš |
| 71 | hair | še- |
| 72 | head | uk-ku |
| 73 | ear | si-ri |
| 74 | eye | el-ti |
| 75 | nose | *šim- |
| 76 | mouth | |
| 77 | tooth | si-h-ha |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | ti-ut |
| 79 | fingernail | pu-ur |
| 80 | foot | ba-at, pa-at |
| 81 | leg | |
| 82 | knee | |
| 83 | hand | ŠU.MEŠ, kir-pi (hands) |
| 84 | wing | |
| 85 | belly | |
| 86 | guts | |
| 87 | neck | ti-pi |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | GABA.lg |
| 90 | heart | bu-ni |
| 91 | liver | ru-el-pa-mín |
| 92 | to drink | si-kaš-da |
| 93 | to eat | mak-, te-ri-qa |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | ba-ki-iš |
| 99 | to breathe | zu-ür-zu-ür |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | siya- |
| 102 | to hear | hap |
| 103 | to know | tur- |
| 104 | to think | el-ma |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | ip-ši |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | ka-tu |
| 109 | to die | *halb- |
| 110 | to kill | halba- |
| 111 | to fight | bet |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | ga-az- |
| 114 | to cut | massi |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | at-tu |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | izza- |
| 122 | to come | ši-in-nu |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | mur- |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | *tun- |
| 129 | to hold | marri |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | sa-, sa-h |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | rabba |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | tiri |
| 140 | to say | tu-ru, na- |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | na-hu-te |
| 148 | moon | itud |
| 149 | star | MUL.lg |
| 150 | water | zul, A.MEŠ |
| 151 | rain | te-ip |
| 152 | river | da, A.MEŠ |
| 153 | lake | |
| 154 | sea | KAM.MESH |
| 155 | salt | anzi, an-zí |
| 156 | stone | h.har.lg, HAR.MEŠ |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | su-uk-ma |
| 159 | earth | mu-ru-un |
| 160 | cloud | |
| 161 | fog | |
| 162 | sky | ki-ik |
| 163 | wind | IM.lg |
| 164 | snow | |
| 165 | ice | |
| 166 | smoke | |
| 167 | fire | li-im, li-mi-in |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | li-im-ma |
| 170 | road | KASKAL.MEŠ |
| 171 | mountain | el-pi |
| 172 | red | |
| 173 | green | hu-la-ap-na |
| 174 | yellow | hh.šá-ir-nu-ya |
| 175 | white | ši-mi-ut |
| 176 | black | |
| 177 | night | šu-ut-me |
| 178 | day | na-an |
| 179 | year | bel |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | man-da-qa, pu- |
| 183 | new | piš |
| 184 | old | qa-ra, ru-ru |
| 185 | good | ba-ha, ma-ri-ya |
| 186 | bad | muš-nu-ik |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | iš-tur-rák-qa |
| 190 | round | ir-pi |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | *zit, zí-ti-qa |
| 196 | correct | išturraka |
| 197 | near | kanna |
| 198 | far | šá-da-ni-qa |
| 199 | right | šutur |
| 200 | left | |
| 201 | at | hate, ŠÀ |
| 202 | in | ma- |
| 203 | with | hidaka |
| 204 | and | ak-ka |
| 205 | if | an-ka |
| 206 | because | appa, ap-pa |
| 207 | name | hi-iš |
See also edit
Bibliography edit
- Elamisches Woerterbuch, Walter Hinz and Heidemarie Koch, 1987
Further reading edit
- Václav Blažek. 2015. Elamite dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.