Appendix:Afroasiatic Swadesh lists

This is a Swadesh list of Afroasiatic languages, specifically Arabic, Hebrew, Classical Syriac, Akkadian, Ge'ez, Coptic, Tarifit, Hausa, Oromo and Somali, compared with that of English.

Languages compared here are:

The Omotic branch is not yet included.

See also Swadesh lists for specific Afroasiatic languages:

Transcription

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Notes on Semitic Romanization:

  • â, ê, ô stand for the vowels of father [ɑ], day [e] and core [ɒ] in British English.
  • a, e, i, o and u stand for the vowels of hat [a], get [ɛ], heat [i], hot [ɔ] and fool [u].
  • ā, ē, ī, ō and ū stand for the same vowels as without the macron, but pronounced longer. [aː], [ɛː], [iː], [ɔː], [uː]
  • b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y and z stand for their equivalents in English.
  • θ stands for the th of English thick. [θ]
  • ð stands for the th of English this. [ð]
  • j stands for the j of English job. [dʒ]
  • g stands for the g of English good. [ɡ]
  • x stands for the sound of German ch in Ach! or j in Spanish jota. [x]
  • ğ stands for the voiced counterpart of x, much as Spanish intervocalic g. [ɣ]
  • š stands for the sh of English ship. [ʃ]
  • ś stands for the sound of Welsh ll in Lloyd. [ɬ]
  • ħ stands for the typical rough h sound of Semitic languages. [ħ]
  • ʿ stands for the voiced counterpart of ħ. [ʕ]
  • ʾ stands for the glottal stop of cockney English boʼle ('bottle'). [ʔ]
  • q stands for a k sound produced from the back of the mouth. [q]
  • , , and stand for the sounds derived from t, s, d and z/ð. These are called the pharyngealized, emphatic, or velarized sounds. They affect the sound of the consonants and vowels that follow or precede; they are made by constricting the pharynx during the articulation of the sound. [tˤ], [sˤ], [dˤ], [zˤ]/[ðˤ]

Since this page contains mostly ancient languages, the Hebrew romanization has been chosen to correspond to the pronunciation of Tiberian (Biblical) Hebrew, rather than to modern Israeli Hebrew. This means that the following developments of Hebrew are not to be taken into account:

  • ħ and x merge into x;
  • w and v merge into v;
  • q and k merge into k;
  • ğ and g merge into g;
  • ś and s merge into s;
  • ð and d merge into d;
  • θ, , and t merge into t;
  • ʿ and ʾ merge into a glottal stop (ʾ);
  • emphatic becomes a non-emphatic affricate ts.

List

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No English Arabic Hebrew Syriac Akkadian Ge'ez Coptic Tarifiyt Berber Hausa Oromo (Wallagga) Somali
1 I أَنَا (ʔanā) אֲנִי (ʾănî),
אָנֹכִי (ʾānōḵî)
ܐܢܐ (ʾenâ) 𒀀𒈾𒆪 (anāku) አነ (ʾana) ⲁⲛⲟⲕ (anok) nəšš níi ana, na ani(ga)
2 you (sg.) أَنْتَ m (ʔanta),
أَنْتِ f (ʔanti)
אַתָּה m (ʾattâ),
אַתְּ f (ʾat)
ܐܢܬ m (ʾat),
ܐܢܬܝ f (ʾat(ti))
𒀜𒋫 m (atta), 𒀜𒋾 f (atti) አንተ m (ʾanta),
አንቲ f (ʾanti)
ⲛⲧⲟⲕ m (ntok),
ⲛⲧⲟ f (nto)
šəkk, šəmm kái, kée si adi(ga)
3 he هُوَ (huwa) הוּא (hūʾ) ܗܘ (hu) 𒋗𒌑 (šū) ውእቱ (wəʾətu) m, ይእቲ (yəʾəti) f ⲛⲧⲟϥ m (ntof),
ⲛⲧⲟⲥ f (ntoc)
nətta m, nəttaŧ f shíi m, ítá f isa isa(ga) m, iya(da)f
4 we نَحْنُ (naḥnu) אֲנַחְנוּ (ʾănáḥnû),
אֲנוּ (ʾănû)
ܚܢܢ (ħnan),
ܐܢܚܢܢ ((ʾ)naħnan)
𒉌𒉡 (nīnu) ንሕነ (nəħna) ⲁⲛⲟⲛ (anon) nəššin múu nu inna(ga) (incl.), anna(ga) (excl.)
5 you (pl.) أَنْتُمْ m (ʔantum),
أَنْتُنَّ f (ʔantunna),
أَنْتُمَا c du (ʔantumā)
אַתֶּם m (ʾattem),
אַתֶּן f (ʾatten)
ܐܢܬܘܢ m (ʾattōn),
ܐܢܬܝܢ f (ʾattên)
𒀜𒌅𒉡 m (attunu),
𒀜𒋾𒈾 f (attina)
አንትሙ m (ʾantəmu),
አንትን f (ʾantən)
ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲛ (ntōtn) kənniw, kənnint kúu isin idin(ka)
6 they هُمْ m (hum),
هُنَّ f (hunna),
هُمَا c du (humā)
הֵם m (hēm),
הֵן f (hēn)
ܗܢܘܢ m (hennōn),
ܗܢܝܢ f (hennên)
𒋗𒉡 m (šunu),
𒅆𒈾 f (šina)
እሙንቱ m (ʾəmmuntu),
እማንቱ f (ʾəmmāntu)
ⲛⲧⲟⲩ (ntou) nihni, nihənti súu isaan iya(ga)
7 this هٰذَا m (hāḏā),
هٰذِهِ f (hāḏihi)
זֶה m (),
זוֹ f (), זֹאת f (zōʾṯ)
ܗܢܐ m (hânâ),
ܗܕܐ f (hâðê)
𒀭𒉡𒌝 m (annûm) ዝ- m (zə-),
ዝንቱ m (zəntu),
 f (),
ዛቲ f (zāti)
-ⲉⲓ (-ei) =a wánnàn kana kan m, tan f
8 that ذٰلِكَ m (ḏālika),
ﺫَﺍﻙَ m,
تِلْكَ f (tilka),
تِيكَ f (tīka)
הַהוּא m (hahûʾ),
הַהִיא f (hahîʾ)
ܗܘ m (hâw),
ܗܝ f (hây)
𒋗𒌑 m (šū),
𒌌𒇻𒌑𒌝 m (ullûm)
ዝክቱ (zəktu) ⲧⲏ () =in, =ənni wáncàn san kaas m, taas f
9 here هُنَا (hunā) פֹּה (),
הִנֵּה (hinnê)
ܗܪܟܐ (hârkâ),
ܬܢܢ (tnân)
annânu ዘየ (zaya) ⲡⲉⲓⲙⲁ (peima) đa nan halkan, inta
10 there هُنَاكَ (hunāka),
هُنَالِكَ (hunālika),
ثَمَّ (ṯamma)
שָׁם (šām) ܬܡܢ (tammân) akannaka ህየ (həyya) ⲙⲙⲁⲩ (mmau) đin can halkaas
11 who مَنْ (man) מִי () ܡܢ (man) mannu መኑ (mannu) ⲛⲓⲙ (nim) wi wanda eeññu yaa?, kuma?
12 what مَا (),
مَاذَا (māḏā)
מָה () ܡܐ (),
ܡܢ (mân),
ܡܢܐ (mânâ),
ܡܘܢ (mōn) ܡܘܕܝ (mōdi)
mīnu ምንት (mənt) ⲁϣ () min me maal maxaa?
13 where أَيْنَ (ʔayna) אֵיפֹה (ʾêfô (where)),
אָנָה (ʾānâ (whither))
ܐܝܟܐ (ʾaykâ) ali አይቴ (ʾayte) ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn) mani inaa meeshee, halkee, intee,
14 when مَتَى (matā) מָתַי (māṯay) ܐܡܬܝ (ʾemmaθ(i)) ayyānu, mati ሚጊዜ (mi-gize) ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲩ (tnnau) məřmi yaushe goormee?, amee?
15 how كَيْفَ (kayfa) אֵיךְ (ʾêḵ) ܐܝܟܢ (ʾaykan),
ܐܝܟܢܐ (ʾaykannâ)
ana mīni, ammīni እፎ (ʾəffo) ⲡⲱⲥ (pōs) yaya yàayàa sidee?
16 not لَا (), مَا (), لَنْ (lan) (future),
لََا (laā) (present),
لَمْ (lam) (past)
לֹא (lōʾ),
אַל (ʾal)
ܠܐ () 𒆷𒀀 (),
𒌑𒆷 (ula)
(ʾi) (n),
ⲁⲛ (an)
ba ii'ii ma
17 all كُلّ (kull) כֹּל (kōl) ܟܠ (kol) kalû ኵል (kʷəll) ⲧⲏⲣ (tēr) marra dúkà hundaa dhamaan, giddi, gebi, kulli
18 many كَثِير (kaṯīr) הַרְבֵּה (harbê) ܣܓܝ (saggī) mādu ብዙሕ (bəzuħ) ⲟϣ () at’t’as yaya badan
19 some بَعْض (baʕḍ),
كَمْ (kam)
כַּמָּה (kammâ) ܟܡܐ (kmâ) ስፍን (səfn) ϩⲟⲉⲓⲛⲉ (hoinə) ša want gar(i) qaar
20 few قَلِيل (qalīl) מְעַט (məʿaṭ) ܒܨܝܪܐ (bṣīrâ) ēṣu ኅዳጥ (ḫədāṭ) ϩⲟⲗⲓⲅⲟⲛ (holigon) đrus kàɗán dhowr, waxyar
21 other آخَر m (ʔāḵar),
أُخْرَى f (ʔuḵrā),
آخَرُون m pl (ʔāḵarūn),
أُخَر f pl (ʔuḵar),
أُخْرَيَات f pl (ʔuḵrayāt)
אַחֵר m (ʾaḥēr),
אַחֶרֶת f (ʾaḥéreṯ),
אַחֵרִים m pl (ʾaḥērîm),
אַחֵרוֹת f pl (ʾaḥērōṯ)
ܐܚܪܢܐ m ((ʾa)ħrênâ),
ܐܚܪܬܐ f ((ʾa)ħrêtâ),
ܐܚܪܢܐ m pl ((ʾa)ħrânê),
ܐܚܪܢܝܬܐ f pl ((ʾa)ħrânyâθâ)
šanû ካልእ (kāləʾ) ⲕⲉ (ke) nnəɣni wasu biraa kale
22 one وَاحِد m (wāḥid),
وَاحِدَة f (wāḥida)
אֶחָד m (ʾeħâd),
אַחַת f (ʾaħaθ)
ܚܕ m (ħað),
ܚܕܐ f (ħðâ)
ištēn m,
ištēt f
አሐዱ (ʾaħadu) ⲟⲩⲁ (wa) ižžən, ištən ɗáyá tokko kow, hal
23 two اِثْنَان m (iṯnān),
اِثْنَتَان f (iṯnatān)
שְׁנִַים m (š'nayim),
שְׁתַּיִם f (š'tayim)
ܬܪܝܢ m (trên),
ܬܪܬܝܢ f (tartên)
šinā m, šittā f ክልኤቱ (kəlʾetu) ⲥⲛⲁⲩ (ᵊsnau) ŧnayən (< Ar.) bíyú lama labo
24 three ثَلَاثَة m (ṯalāṯa),
ثَلَاث f (ṯalāṯ)
שְׁלֹשָׁה m (š'lōšâ),
שָׁלֹשׁ f (šâlōš)
ܬܠܬܐ m (tlâθâ),
ܬܠܬ m (tlâθ)
šalāš m, šalāšat f ሠለስቱ (śalastu) ϣⲟⲙⲧ (šomt) ŧřaŧa (< Ar.) úkù sadii saddex
25 four أَرْبَعَة m (ʔarbaʕa),
أَرْبَع f (ʔarbaʕ)
אַרְבָּעָה m (ʾarbâʿâ),
אַרְבַּע f (ʾarbaʿ)
ܐܪܒܥܐ m (ʾarbʿâ),
ܐܪܒܥ f (ʾarbaʿ)
erbe m, erbet f አርበዕቱ (ʾarbaʿtu) ϥⲧⲟⲩ (ᵊftu) āƀʕa (< Ar.) húɗú afur afar
26 five خَمْسَة m (ḵamsa),
خَمْس f (ḵams)
חֲמִשָּׁה m (ħamiššâ),
חָמֵשׁ f (ħâméš)
ܚܡܫܐ m (ħamšâ),
ܚܡܫ f (ħammeš)
xamiš m, xamšat f ኀመስቱ (ḫamastu) ϯⲟⲩ (ᵊtiu) xəmsa (< Ar.) bìyár̃ šan shan
27 big كَبِير (kabīr) גָּדוֹל (gâðōl),
כַּבִּיר (kabîr)
ܪܒܐ (rabbâ),
ܟܒܝܪܐ (kabbīrâ)
𒃲 (rabûm) ዐቢይ (ʿabiyy) ⲛⲟϭ (nokʲ) aməqqr’an bàbbá weyn
28 long طَوِيل (ṭawīl) אָרֹךְ (ʾârōx) ܐܪܝܟܐ (ʾarīxâ) arku ነዋኅ (nawwāḫ) ϣⲓⲏ (šia) aziyrā mài tsáwóo dheer
29 wide رَحْب (raḥb),
وَاسِع (wāsiʕ)
רָחָב (râħâv) ܪܘܝܚܐ (rwīxâ),
ܦܬܝܐ (paθyâ)
rapšu ርሑብ (rəħub) ⲟⲩⲟⲥⲧⲛ (wostᵊn), ⲟⲩⲱϣⲥ (wōšᵊs) miriw mài fáaɗíi bal'aa, booccoo ballaadhan
30 thick سَمِيك (samīk) עָב (ʿâv) ܥܒܝܛܐ (ʿvīṭâ) ገዙፍ (gazuf) ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲧ (umot) gđā mài káuríi cufan
31 heavy ثَقِيل (ṯaqīl) כָּבֵד (kâvéð) ܢܛܝܠܐ (nṭīlâ),
ܝܩܘܪܐ (yaqqūrâ)
kabtu ከቡድ (kabud) ϩⲣⲟϣ (hroš) đqəř (< Ar.) mài náuyíi culus
32 small صَغِير (ṣaḡīr) קָטָן (qâṭân),
צָעִיר (ṣaʿîr)
ܙܥܘܪܐ (zʿōrâ) ṭexru ንኡስ (nəʾus) ϣⲓⲣⲉ (širə) aməz’z’yan k'arami yar
33 short قَصِير (qaṣīr) קָצָר (qâṣâr) ܟܪܝܐ (karyâ) karû ኅጹር (ḫəṣur) ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲟⲥ (kolobos) aquđ’ađ’ guntu gaaban
34 narrow ضَيِّق (ḍayyiq) צַר (ṣâr) ܥܝܝܩܐ (ʿayyīqâ) qatnu ጸቢብ (ṣabib) ϫⲏⲧ (jēt) ħsā siriri ciriiri
35 thin رَقِيق (raqīq) דַּק (daq) ܪܩܝܩܐ (raqqīqâ),
ܛܠܝܚܐ (ṭlīħâ)
qatnu ቀጢን (qaṭin),
ደቂቅ (daqiq)
ⲡⲁⲕⲉ (pakə) azđađ sìir̃íir̃ìi dhuuban
36 woman اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa),
مَرْأَة (marʔa)
אִשָּׁה (ʾiššâ) ܐܢܬܬܐ (ʾa(n)tθâ) 𒊩 (sinništu) ብእሲት (bəʾəsit) ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (s'himə) ŧamɣā’ŧ, ŧamət’t’uŧ màcè naag, dumar,
haweeney, habar
37 man
(adult male)
رَجُل (rajul) אִישׁ (ʾīš),
גֶּבֶר (gever)
ܓܒܪܐ (gavrâ) zikaru ብእሲ (bəʾəsi) ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ (hout) āyaz námíjì rag
38 man
(human being)
إِنْسَان (ʔinsān) אָדָם (ʾâðâm),
אֱנוֹשׁ (ʾənōš)
ܐܢܫܐ ((ʾə)nâšâ) awīlu ሰብእ (sabəʾ),
ሰብኣዊ (sabʾāwi)
ⲣⲱⲙⲉ (rōmə) ƀnađəm (< Ar.) mùtûm nama nin
39 child وَلَد (walad) יֶלֶד (yeleð) ܝܠܘܕܐ (yalluðâ) ṣexru, māru ሕፃን m (ħəḍān),
ወልድ m (wald),
ወለት f (walatt)
ϣⲏⲣⲉ (šērə) aħənžia, řƀəz’z’ ɗáa, 'yáa cunug
40 wife زَوْجَة (zawja) אִשָּׁה (ʾiššâ) ܐܢܬܬܐ (ʾa(n)tθâ) aššatu ብእሲት (bəʾəsit) ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (s'himə) ŧamɣā’ŧ màatáa xaas, afo, oori
41 husband بَعْل (baʕl)
زَوْج (zawj)
בַּעַל (baʿal) ܒܥܠܐ (baʿlâ) mutu ምት (mət),
በዓል (baʿāl)
ϩⲁⲓ (hai) āyaz míjìi sey
42 mother أُمّ (ʔumm) אֵם (ʾêm) ܐܡܐ (ʾemmâ) ummu እም (ʾəmm) ⲙⲁⲁⲩ (maʾau) yəmma (< Ar.?) úwáa hooyo
43 father أَب (ʔab) אָב (ʾâv) ܐܒܐ (ʾa) abu አብ (ʾab) ⲉⲓⲱⲧ (iōt) ƀaƀa (< Ar.?) ùbáa aabbe
44 animal حَيَوَان (ḥayawān) חַיָּה (ħayyâ) ܚܝܘܬܐ (ħaywθâ) būlu, emāmu አርዌ (ʾarwe) ⲧⲃⲛⲏ (tᵊvnē) lħayawan (< Ar.) dábbàa (< Ar.?) xaywaan
45 fish سَمَكَة (samaka) דָּג (dâğ) ܢܘܢܐ (nūnâ) 𒄩 (nūnu) ዓሣ (ʿāśā) ⲧⲃⲧ (tᵊvt) asřəm kíifíi qurt'ummii kalluun, mallaay
46 bird طَائِر (ṭāʔir),
عُصْفُور (ʕuṣfūr)
צִפּוֹר (ṣippōr),
עוֹף (ʿōf)
ܛܝܪܐ (ṭayrâ),
ܨܦܪܐ (ṣepprâ)
𒄷 (iṣṣūru) ዖፍ (ʿof) ϩⲁⲗⲏⲧ (halēt) ažđ’iđ’ tsúntsúu c'irrii shimbir
47 dog كَلْب (kalb) כֶּלֶב (kelev) ܟܠܒܐ (kalbâ) 𒌨𒌆 (kalbu) ከልብ (kalb) ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ (uhor) ayđi, aqzin, ahəggā kàrée saree ey
48 louse قَمْلَة (qamla) כִּנָּה (kinnâ) ܩܠܡܐ (qalmâ) 𒄴 (uplu) ቍማል (qʷəmāl) ϩⲗⲱⲙ (hlōm) ŧiššəšŧ (head), infā (body) kwàlkwátàa (head),
kwàr̃kwátàa (body)
c'inii, injiraan, injijii injir
49 snake حَنَش (ḥanaš) נָחָשׁ (nâħâš) ܚܘܝܐ (ħewyâ) ṣēru አርዌ ምድር (ʾarwe mədr),
ተመን (taman)
ϩⲟϥ (hof) fiɣā’, ŧařəfsa mácìijíi mar'ataa, bofa, šaawwisa mas
50 worm دُودَة (dūda) תּוֹלַעַת (tólaʿat) ܬܘܠܥܐ (tawlʿâ) ዕፄ (ʿəḍe) ϥⲛⲧ (fᵊnt) ađan n tmuaŧ tsúutsàa dixiri, gooryaan
51 tree شَجَرَة (šajara) עֵץ (ʿēṣ) ܐܝܠܢܐ (ʾīlânâ) 𒄑 (iṣu) ዕጽ (ʿəṣ) ϣⲏⲛ (šēn) ssəžžāŧ (< Ar.) ítàacée muka geed
52 forest غَابَة (ḡāba) יַעַר (yaʿar) ܥܒܐ (ʿâvâ) gūru ዖም (ʿom) ⲓⲁϩϣⲏⲛ (iahšin) řɣaƀəŧ (< Ar.) dáajìi baqqoo, daggala kayn, duur
53 stick عَصًا (ʕaṣan) מַקֵּל (maqqēl) ܩܝܣܐ (qaysâ) ቀስተም (qastam),
መቅርዕ (maqrəʿ)
ϣⲃⲱⲧ (šbot) Sanada ul
54 fruit فَاكِهَة (fākiha) פְּרִי (p'rī) ܦܐܪܐ (pêrâ) inbu ፍሬ (fəré) ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ (utah) řxuđ’āŧ (< Ar.) ’yár̃ ítàacée ija miro
55 seed زَرْع (zarʕ) זֶרַע (zeraʿ) ܙܪܥܐ (zarʿâ) 𒆰 (zēru) ዘርአ (zarʾ),
ብዝር (bəzr)
ϭⲣⲟϭ (kʲrokʲ), ϫⲣⲟϫ (jroj) řħəbb (< Ar.) írìi (< Kanuri?) garii, saññii iniin, abuur
56 leaf وَرَقَة (waraqa) עָלֶה (ʿâle) ܛܪܦܐ (ṭarpâ) ḫasḫaltu ቈጽል (qʷaṣl) ϭⲱⲱⲃⲉ (kʲō'ōvə) ŧifāšŧ gányée baala caleen
57 root جَذْر (jaḏr),
جِذْر (jiḏr)
שֹׁרֶשׁ (šōreš) ܫܪܫܐ (šeršâ),
ܥܩܪܐ (ʿeqqârâ)
𒁼 (šuršu) ሥርው (śərw) ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ (nunə) az’wā sâiwáa, jíijíyàa xidid
58 bark (of a tree) قِلْف (qilf) קְלִפָּה (q'lippâ) ܩܠܦܬܐ (qlâftâ) 𒄑𒁇𒄯 (sihpu) ቅርፍት (qərəft) ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲉ (kukə) θhašit ɓáawóo jilif
59 flower زَهْرَة (zahra) פֶּרַח (peraħ) ܗܒܒܐ (habbâvâ) inbu ጽጌ (ṣəgé) ϩⲣⲏⲣⲉ (hrērə) ŧanəwwašŧ fùrée daraaraa ubax
60 grass حَشِيش (ḥašīš) דֶּשֶׁא (dešeʾ) ܥܣܒܐ (ʿesbâ) dīšu ሣዕር (śāʿər) ⲥⲓⲙ (sim) arrƀiʕ (< Ar.) cìyáawàa marga caws
61 rope حَبْل (ḥabl) חֶבֶל (ħevel) ܚܒܠܐ (ħavlâ) 𒂠 (eblu) ሐብል (ħabl) ⲛⲟⲩϩ (nuh) iǧǧi, ŧamriaŧ, asɣun ígíyàa xarig
62 skin جِلْد (jild) עוֹר (ʿōr) ܓܠܕܐ (geldâ) gildu ማእስ (māʾs) ϣⲁⲁⲣ (ša'ar) ŧiřməšŧ fáatàa gogaa, ittillee maqaar
63 meat لَحْم (laḥm) בָּשָׂר (bâśâr) ܒܣܪܐ (besrâ) ṭabhu ሥጋ (śəgā) ⲁϥ (af) açsum náamàa foon hilib, so'
64 blood دَم (dam) דָּם (dâm) ܕܡܐ (dmâ) 𒁱 (dāmu) ደም (dam) ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof) iđammən jíníi d'iiga dhiig
65 bone عَظْم (ʕaẓm) עֶצֶם (ʿeṣem) ܓܪܡܐ (garmâ) 𒄈𒉻𒁺 (eṣemtu) አፅም (ʿaḍm) ⲕⲁⲥ (kas) iɣəss ƙàshíi lafee laf
66 fat (noun) دُهْن (duhn) חֵלֶב (ħélev) ܕܘܗܢܐ (duhhânâ),
ܫܘܡܢܐ (šumnâ)
𒉌𒄑 (šamnu) መሥብሕ (maśbəħ) ⲱⲧ (ōt) ŧađunt máiƙòo moora baruur, caddiin
67 egg بَيْضَة (bayḍa) בֵּיצָה (bêṣâ) ܒܝܥܬܐ (bêʿθâ) 𒉭 (pelû) አንቆቅሆ (anqoqəho) ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲉ (souhe) ŧaməǧǧač ƙwái killee, bup'p'aa ukun
68 horn قَرْن (qarn) קֶרֶן (qeren) ܩܪܢܐ (qarnâ) qarnu ቀርን (qarn) ⲧⲁⲡ (tap) išš ƙàhóo gaafa gees
69 tail ذَنَب (ḏanab) זָנָב (zânâv) ܕܘܢܒܐ (dunbâ) zibbatu ዘባን (zabān) ⲥⲁⲧ (sat) ŧanəwwāŧ (< Ar.?) wútsíyàa eegee sayn
70 feather رِيشَة (rīša) נוֹצָה (nōṣâ) ܐܒܪܐ (ʾevrâ) nāṣu ጸጒር (ṣagʷr) ⲙⲏϩⲉ (mēhə) afā gáashìi baal
71 hair شَعْر (šaʕr),
شَعَر (šaʕar)
שֵׂעָר (śéʿâr) ܣܥܪܐ (saʿrâ) šārtu ጸጕር (ṣagʷr) ϥⲱ () z’ət’t’u, ašəwwaf gáashìi tin
72 head رَأْس (raʔs) רֹאשׁ (rōš) ܪܝܫܐ (rêšâ) rēšu ርእስ (rəʾəs) ⲁⲡⲉ (ape), ϫⲱ () aqəyyua kâi mataa madax
73 ear أُذُن (ʔuḏun),
أُذْن (ʔuḏn)
אֹזֶן (ʾōzen) ܐܕܢܐ (ʾeðnâ) uznu እዝን (ʾəzn) ⲙⲁⲁϫⲉ (ma'aje) aməz’z’uɣ, aməžžun kûnnée gurra dheg
74 eye عَيْن (ʕayn) עַיִן (ʿayin) ܥܝܢܐ (ʿaynâ) īnu ዐይን (ʿayn) ⲉⲓⲁ (ia) ŧit’t’ ídòo ija il
75 nose أَنْف (ʔanf) אַף (ʾaf) ܢܚܝܪܐ (nḥīrâ) appu አንፍ (anf) ϣⲁ (ša) ŧinzā háncìi fuññaan san
76 mouth فَم (fam) פֶּה (pe) ܦܘܡܐ (pūmâ) አፍ (ʾaf) ⲣⲟ (ro) aqəmmum bàakíi afaan af
77 tooth سِنّ (sinn) שֵׁן (šên) ܫܢܐ (šennâ),
ܟܟܐ (kakkâ)
šinnu ስን (sən) ϣⲟⲗ (šol), ⲛⲁϫϩⲉ (najhe) ŧiɣməsŧ hákóoríi ilig
78 tongue لِسَان (lisān) לָשׁוֹן (lâšōn) ܠܫܢܐ (leššânâ) lišānu ምልሓስ (məlħās),
ልሳን (ləsān)
ⲗⲁⲥ (las) iřəs hárshèe arraba carrab
79 fingernail ظُفْر (ẓufr) צִפֹּרֶן (ṣippōren) ܛܦܪܐ (ṭefrâ) ṣupru ጽፍር (ṣəfr) ⲉⲓⲃ (iv) iššā fárcèe qeensa ciddi
80 foot قَدَم (qadam) כַּף רֶגֶל (kaf reğel) ܥܩܠܐ (ʿaqlâ) šēpu እግር (ʾəgr) ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ (werētə), ⲣⲁⲧ (rat) đ’ā ƙáfàa miilla cag
81 leg رِجْل (rijl) רֶגֶל (reğel) ܪܓܠܐ (reğlâ) kimṣu አገዳ (ʾagadā) ⲣⲁⲧ (rat) ifaddən ƙáfàa hojjaa, luka lug
82 knee رُكْبَة (rukba) בֶּרֶךְ (berex) ܒܘܪܟܐ (burkâ) birku ብርክ (bərk) ⲕⲗⲗⲉ (kᵊllə) fuđ gwíwàa jilba jilib, low
83 hand يَد (yad) יָד (yâð) ܐܝܕܐ (ʾīðâ) qātu እድ (ʾəd) ⲧⲱⲣⲉ (tōre) fus hánnúu harka gacan
84 wing كَنَف (kanaf),
جَنَاح (janāḥ)
כָּנָף (kânâf) ܟܢܦܐ (kenfâ) kappu ክንፍ (kənf) ⲧⲛϩ (tᵊnh) afriw fíffíkèe baal
85 belly بَطْن (baṭn) בֶּטֶן (beṭen) ܒܛܢܐ (baṭnâ),
ܟܪܣܐ (karsâ)
libbu ከርሥ (karś) ϩⲏ(ⲧ) (hē(t)) aʕəddis cíkìi calool
86 guts أَمْعَاء (ʔamʕāʔ) מֵעַיִם (mêʿayim) ܡܥܝܐ (mʿayyâ),
ܓܘܐ (gawwâ)
erru አማዑት (amāʿut) ⲙⲁϩⲧ (maht),ⲙⲉϩⲧⲟ (mehto) ađan, ƀururu hánjíi mar'umaan mindhicir, xiidmo
87 neck عُنُق (ʕunuq), رَقَبَة (raqaba) צַוָּאר (ṣawwâr) ܨܘܪܐ (ṣawrâ),
ܩܕܠܐ (qðâlâ)
kišādu, labiānu ክሳድ (kəsād) ⲙⲁⲕϩ (makh) iri wúyàa qoosee quur, luqun, sur
88 back ظَهْر (ẓahr) גַּב (gav) ܚܨܐ (ħaṣṣâ) šašallu ድኅር (dəḫr) ϫⲓⲥⲉ (jise) aʕrua báayáa dugda dhabar, duud
89 breast ثَدْي (ṯady), صَدْر (ṣadr) חָזֶה (ħâze) ܬܕܐ (tðâ),
ܚܕܝܐ (ħaðyâ)
irtu እንግደኣ (əngədaʾā) ⲉⲕⲓⲃⲉ (ekive) ibbəš nóonòo harma naas
90 heart لُبّ (lubb),
قَلْب (qalb)
לֵב (lêv),
לֵבָב (lêvâv)
ܠܒܐ (lebbâ) libbu ልብ (ləbb) ϩⲏⲧ (hēt) zúucìyáa onnee laab, wadne
91 liver كَبِد (kabid) כָּבֵד (kâvêð) ܟܒܕܐ (kavdâ) kabattu ከብድ (kabd) ⲟⲩⲫⲁϫⲓ (oufaji) ŧsa hántàa tiruu tiro, beer
92 to drink شَرِبَ (šariba) שָׁתָה (šâθâ) ܫܬܐ (štâ) šatû ሰትየ (satya),
ሠረበ (śaraba)
ⲥⲱ () su, ħřu sháa dhug- cab, dhan
93 to eat أَكَلَ (ʔakala) אָכַל (ʾâxal) ܐܟܠ (ʾexal) akālu በልዐ (balʿa) ⲟⲩⲱⲙ (wōm) šš cun
94 to bite عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa) נָשַׁךְ (nâšax) ܢܟܬ (nxaθ) našāku ነከሰ (nakasa) mmā’məš cìizáa qaniin
95 to suck مَصَّ (maṣṣa) מָצַץ (mâṣaṣ) ܡܨ (mâṣ) enēqu መጸ (maṣṣa),
ጠበወ (ṭabawa (breast))
t’t’əđ’, z’əmm láasàa, tsóotsàa hod'a, t'uut'a nuug, dhuuq
96 to spit بَصَقَ (baṣaqa) יָרַק (yâraq) ܪܩ (râq) ተፍአ (tafʾa),
ወረቀ (waraqa)
ssusəf tóofàa tuf tuf
97 to vomit تَقَيَّأَ (taqayyaʔa) הֵקִיא (hêqīʾ) ܓܥܛ (gʿaṭ) arû ቄአ (qeʾa) arr yí ámái matag, hunqaac
98 to blow نَفَخَ (nafaḵa) נָפַח (nâfaħ) ܢܦܚ (nfaħ) napāxu ነፍኀ (nafḫa) ssuđ’ búusàa, húuràa afuufa, buufa afuuf, buufi
99 to breathe تَنَفَّسَ (tanaffasa) נָשַׁם (nâšam) ܢܦܫ (nfaš),
ܢܫܡ (nšam)
napāšu አንፈሰ (ʾanfasa) arr nnəfs yí númfáashíi neefsi
100 to laugh ضَحِكَ (ḍaḥika) צָחַק (ṣâħaq) ܓܚܟ (għex) ṣuxxu ጸሐቀ (ṣaħaqa) ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōvə) đ’ħəš (< Ar.) dàaríyáa kolfa qosol
101 to see رَأَى (raʔā) רָאָה (râʿâ) ܚܙܐ (ħzâ) amāru ርእየ (rəʾya) ⲛⲁⲩ (nau) z’ā gáníi arga arag
102 to hear سَمِعَ (samiʕa) שָׁמַע (šâmaʿ) ܫܡܥ (šmaʿ) šemû ሰምዐ (samʿa) ⲥⲱⲧⲙ (sōtᵊm) səř dhaga'a maqal
103 to know عَرَفَ (ʕarafa), عَلِمَ (ʕalima) יָדַע (yâðaʿ) ܝܕܥ (yðaʿ) idû የድዐ (yadʿa),
አእመረ (ʾaʾmara)
ⲉⲓⲙⲉ (eime) ssən sánìi beek- garasho, ogaal, aqoon
104 to think فَكَرَ (fakara) חָשַׁב (ħâšav) ܚܫܒ (ħšav) kuṣṣupu ሐሸበ (ħašaba),
ሐለየ (ħalaya)
ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ (me'ewe) tɣiř yo tunaanii male, feker
105 to smell شَمَّ (šamma) הֵרִיחַ (hêrīaħ) ܡܚ (maħ),
ܣܩ (saq)
ešēnu ጼነው (ṣénaw) ϣⲱⲗⲙ (šōlᵊm) gg arriħŧ ur
106 to fear خَافَ (ḵāfa) יָרֵא (yârêʾ),
פָּחַד (pâħað)
ܕܚܠ (dħel),
ܟܘܪ (kwar)
palāxu, šaxātu ፈርሀ (farha) ⲣ ϩⲟⲧⲉ (ᵊr hote) ŧiggwđi tsòoróo na'a nax, baqdin, cabsi
107 to sleep نَامَ (nāma) יָשֵׁן (yâšén),
נָם (nâm)
ܕܡܟ (dmex),
ܢܡ (nâm)
šalālu ኖመ (noma) ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ (hinēv) t’t’əs yí bárcíi rafa hurdo
108 to live حَيِيَ (ḥayiya), عَاشَ (ʕāša) חַי (ħay) ܚܝܐ (ħyâ) balāṭu ሐይወ (ħaywa) ⲟⲛϧ (onx) zđəɣ dà râi raaga nool
109 to die مَاتَ (māta) מֵת (mêθ) ܡܝܬ (mêθ) mâtu ⲙⲟⲩ (mu) mməŧ mútù du'a dhimo, amuud
110 to kill قَتَلَ (qatala) הָרַג (hârağ),
קָטַל (qâṭal)
ܩܛܠ (qṭal) dâku ቀተለ (qatala) ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ (muut) nəɣ káshèe qooma, ajjeesa, qala dil
111 to fight قَاتَلَ (qātala) רָב (râv) ܟܬܫ (kθaš) ṣâlu ተበአሰ (tabaʾasa) ⲙⲓϣⲉ (miše) mmnəɣ yí fáɗàa dagaal, dirir
112 to hunt صَادَ (ṣāda) צָד (ṣâð) ܨܝܕ (ṣêð) ṣâdu ymā fàráutàa adama ugaarsi
113 to hit ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba) הִכָּה (hikkâ) ܡܚܐ (mħâ),
ܢܩܫ (nqaš)
naṭû wwəŧ, ssqəř búgàa dhufo
114 to cut قَطَعَ (qaṭaʕa) כָרַת (kâraθ),
חָתַך (ħâθax)
ܓܕܡ (gðam),
ܩܛܥ (qṭaʿ)
nakāsu qqəs, fři yánkèe goy, jar
115 to split شَقَّ (šaqqa) בָּקַע (bâqaʿ),
קָרַע (qâraʿ),
חִלֵּק (ħillêq)
ܫܪܩ (šraq),
ܦܕܥ (paddaʿ),
ܦܪܬ (parreθ)
nesû, šalātu ሸጸረ (šaṣara) ƀđ’a fáskàráa jeex, tariiq
116 to stab طَعَنَ (ṭaʕana) דָּקַר (dâqar) ܕܓܫ (dğaš) dakāšu ደጐጸ (dagwaṣa) qqəs sòokáa toorey
117 to scratch خَدَشَ (ḵadaša) שָׂרַט (śâraṭ) ܚܟ (ħax),
ܣܪܛ (sraṭ)
xarāsu ሐንፈጠ (ħanfaṭa) šməz sóosàa xoq
118 to dig حَفَرَ (ḥafara) חָפַר (ħâfar) ܚܦܪ (ħfar) napālu, xerû ɣəz háƙàa, tóonàa qod
119 to swim سَبَحَ (sabaḥa) שָׂחָה (śâħâ) ܣܚܐ (sħâ) ጸበተ (ṣabata),
ጸበየ (ṣabaya)
fđəħ yí íyóo daaka dabaal
120 to fly طَارَ (ṭāra) עָף (ʿâf) ܦܪܚ (praħ) parāḫu, parāšu đ’u, fāfā (< Ar.?) táashì barara, barrisa duul, buub
121 to walk مَشَى (mašā) הָלַךְ (hâlax) ܗܠܟ (hallex) akāšu ሖረ (ħora) ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mo'oše) uyua tàfí adeema dareer, socod
122 to come جَاءَ (jāʔa),
بَاءَ (bāʔa),
أَتَى (ʔatā)
בָּא () ܐܬܐ (ʾeθâ) ṭexû መጽአ (maṣʾa) ⲉⲓ (i) as zóo dhuf- imaansho
123 to lie (recline) رَقَدَ (raqada) שָׁכַב (šâxav) ܫܟܒ (šxev),
ܡܟ (max)
utulu ሰከበ (sakaba) ⲛⲕⲟⲧⲕ (ᵊnkotᵊk) zzəř, bbuzzəř kwántàa c'iisa seexo, jiif
124 to sit جَلَسَ (jalasa) יָשַׁב (yâšav) ܝܬܒ (yθev) wašābu ነበረ (nabara) ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmo'os) qqim záunàa fadhi
125 to stand وَقَفَ (waqafa) עָמַד (ʿâmað) ܬܪܨ (traṣ) izuzzu ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe) ƀədd táashì ijaaja, d'aabad'd'a joogsi, istaag
126 to turn دَارَ (dāra) פָּנָה (pânâ) ܦܢܐ (pnâ),
ܥܛܦ (ʿṭaf)
saxāru ሜጠ (méṭa) ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ (pōōna), ⲕⲧⲟ (kto) qřəƀ (< Ar.) máyár̃ dà taaya wareeg, jeed
127 to fall وَقَعَ (waqaʕa) נָפַל (nâfal) ܢܦܠ (nfal) maqātu ወድቀ (wadqa) ϩⲉ (he) wđ’a fáaɗì dhac
128 to give أَعْطَى (ʔaʕṭā) נָתַן (nâθan) ܝܗܒ (y(h)av),
ܢܬܠ (nettel)
nadānu ϯ (ti) əwš báa kenna siin
129 to hold أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa) אָחַז (ʾâħaz) ܐܚܕ (ʾeħað) naṣāru አኸዘ (ʾaxaza) šəbbā qabo
130 to squeeze عَصَرَ (ʕaṣara) לָחַץ (lâħaṣ) ܩܡܛ (qmaṭ),
ܥܨܪ (ʿṣar)
mazû z’əmm tuuji, marooji
131 to rub حَكَّ (ḥakka) שִׁפְשֵׁף (šifšêf),
מָרַח (mâraħ)
ܫܦ (šaf),
ܚܟ (ħax)
lapātu nħəđ mar, xoq
132 to wash غَسَلَ (ḡasala) רָחַץ (râħaṣ),
שָׁטַף (šâṭap)
ܚܠܠ (ħallel),
ܦܝܥ (payyaʿ)
ramāku ⲣⲱϩⲉ (rōhə), ⲉⲓⲱ () ssiađ, ssřiř wánkèe dhaq
133 to wipe مَحَا (maḥā) מָחָה (mâħâ),
נִגֵּב (niggêv)
ܟܦܪ (kfar) kapāru msəħ (< Ar.) tirtir
134 to pull جَرَّ (jarra) מָשַׁךְ (mâšax) ܓܪܫ (graš) ⲥⲁⲥⲉ (sase) žar’r’ (< Ar.) jáa harkisa jiid
135 to push دَفَعَ (dafaʕa) דָּחַף (dâħaf) ܙܥܦ (zʿaf) ϩⲓϭⲗⲁ (hikʲla) ʕān túuràa dhiib- riix
136 to throw رَمَى (ramā) רָמָה (râmâ), הִשְׁלִיךְ (hišlīx) ܪܡܐ (rmâ) nadû nd’ā tuur, xoor, gan
137 to tie رَبَطَ (rabaṭa) קָשַׁר (qâšar) ܐܣܪ (ʾesar), ܩܛܪ (qṭar) kaṣāru, rakāsu, ṣamādu qqən xir
138 to sew خَاطَ (ḵāṭa) תָּפַר (tâfar) ܚܛ (ħâṭ) kubbû ⲧⲱⲣⲡ (torp), ⲱⲧϩ (ōth), ϫⲱⲗⲕ (jōlk) xəyyəđ’ (< Ar.) ɗínkàa erba tol
139 to count عَدَّ (ʕadda) מָנָה (mânâ), סָפַר (sâfar) ܡܢܐ (mnâ) manû ቀመር (qamar) ⲱⲡ (ōp) ħsəƀ (< Ar.) tiri
140 to say قَالَ (qāla) אָמַר (ʾâmar) ܐܡܪ (ʾemar) qabû ϣⲁϫⲉ (šajə), ϫⲱ () ini cêe, fáɗìi jedh- dheh, oro
141 to sing غَنَّى (ḡannā) שָׁר (šâr), רַן (rân), זִמֵּר (zimmêr) ܙܡܪ (zmar) zamāru ϭⲛϭⲛ (kʲənkʲən), ϩⲱⲥ (hōs) ɣənnəž hees
142 to play لَعِبَ (laʕiba) שִׂחֵק (śiħêq) ܫܥܐ (šaʿʿê) mēlelu ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōvə) irā ciyaar, dheel
143 to float عَامَ (ʕāma),
طَفَا (ṭafā)
שָׁט (šâṭ),
צָף (ṣâf)
ܛܦ (ṭaf) ⲛⲏⲏⲃⲉ (nē'ēvə), ϩⲗⲟⲉⲓⲗⲉ (hloile) fđəħ sabbey
144 to flow جَرَى (jarā) זָרַם (zâram) ܪܕܐ (rðâ),
ܫܚܠ (šħal)
alāku ϣⲱⲗ (šōl) azzəř qulqul
145 to freeze جَمَدَ (jamada) קָפָא (qâfa) ܓܠܕ (gleð),
ܩܪܫ (qraš)
ⲱϭⲣ (ōkʲᵊr) žās barafey
146 to swell وَرِمَ (warima) הִתְנַפֵּחַ (hiθnappêaħ) ܙܘܐ (zwâ),
ܥܒܐ (ʿvâ)
ⲛⲟⲩϥⲧ (nufᵊt) suff barar
147 sun شَمْس (šams) שֶׁמֶשׁ (šemeš) ܫܡܫܐ (šemšâ) šamšu ⲣⲏ () ŧfušŧ ráanáa aduu, biiftuu qorrax, cadceed
148 moon قَمَر (qamar) יָרֵחַ (yârêaħ) ܣܗܪܐ (sahrâ) sîn, warxu ወርሕ (wärḥ) ⲟⲟϩ (o'oh) yua, ŧaziri wátàa baatii, ji'a dayax
149 star نَجْم (najm),
كَوْكَب (kawkab)
כּוֹכָב (kōxâv) ܟܘܟܒܐ (kawkvâ) kakkabu ኮከብ (kokab) ⲥⲓⲟⲩ (siu) iŧri tàuràaróo urjii xiddig
150 water مَاء (māʔ) מַיִם (mayim) ܡܝܐ (mayyâ) ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (mou) aman rúwáa bisaan, madda biyo
151 rain مَطَر (maṭar) מָטָר (mâṭâr),
גֶּשֶׁם (gešem)
ܡܛܪܐ (meṭrâ) zunnu ϩⲱⲟⲩ (hōu) anz’ā rúwán sámàa roob
152 river نَهْر (nahr),
نَهَر (nahar)
נָהָר (nâhâr) ܢܗܪܐ (nahrâ) nāru ተከዚ (takazi) ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (iero) iɣzā kòogíi laga webi
153 lake بُحَيْرَة (buḥayra) אֲגַם (ʾağam) ܝܡܬܐ (yammθâ) tāmtu ባሕር (baḥr) ⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ (limnē) ařimam, ŧanda táfkìi haro, yamays
154 sea بَحْر (baḥr),
يَمّ (yamm)
יָם (yâm) ܝܡܐ (yammâ) tâmtu ባሕር (bāħr) ⲉⲓⲟⲙ (iom) řəƀħā (< Ar.) tèekú (< Songhay) galaana bad
155 salt مِلْح (milḥ) מֶלַח (melaħ) ܡܠܚܐ (melħâ) 𒁵 (ṭabtu) ጸው (ṣaw) ⲙⲗϩ (mᵊlh), ϩⲙⲟⲩ (hᵊmu) ŧaməǧǧaħŧ (< Ar.) gíshíríi aššaboo, soogidda cusbo
156 stone حَجَر (ḥajar) אֶבֶן (ʾeven) ܟܐܦܐ (kêfâ),
ܐܒܢܐ (ʾavnâ),
ܫܘܥܐ (šōʿâ)
abnu እብን (ʾəbn) ⲱⲛⲉ (ōnə) az’r’u dúutsèe d'agaa dhagax, shiid
157 sand رَمْل (raml) חוֹל (ħōl) ܚܠܐ (ħâlâ) bāṣu ኾጻ (xoṣā) ϣⲱ (šō) ižđi yàashíi, ƙásáa ciid, bacaad
158 dust غُبَار (ḡubār) אָבָק (ʾâvâq) ܐܒܩܐ (ʾavqâ),
ܕܩܬܐ (deqtâ)
eperu መሬት (marét) ϣⲟⲉⲓϣ (šoiš) ŧaɣəbbā’ŧ (< Ar.) ƙùuráa awaara bus, boor
159 earth أَرْض (ʔarḍ) אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) ܐܪܥܐ (ʾarʿâ) erṣetu ምድር (mədr) ⲉⲓⲧⲛ (itᵊn), ⲕⲁϩ (kah), ⲧⲟ (to) šař ƙásáa biyyoo dhul
160 cloud غَيْمَة (ḡayma), عَنَانَة (ʕanāna), سَحَابَة (saḥāba) עָנָן (ʿânân) ܥܢܢܐ (ʿnânâ),
ܥܝܡܐ (ʿaymâ),
ܥܝܒܐ (ʿaybâ)
erpetu ደመና (damanā) ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ (klo'olə), ϭⲏⲡⲉ (kʲēpə) asiynu, ŧažnawŧ gàajìmàarée duumessa hogol, daruur
161 fog ضَبَاب (ḍabāb) עֲרָפֶל (ʿarâfel) ܥܪܦܠܐ (ʿarpellâ) imbāru ጊሜ (gimé) ⲧⲙⲧⲙ (tᵊmtᵊm) ŧayyuŧ házóo ciiryaamo
162 sky سَمَاء (samāʔ) שָׁמַיִם (šâmayim) ܫܡܝܐ (šmayyâ) šamû ⲡⲉ (pe), pl.ⲡⲏⲩⲉ (pēuə) ažənna sámà (< Ar.) waaqa cir
163 wind رِيح (rīḥ) רוּחַ (rūaħ) ܪܘܚܐ (rūħâ) šāru ⲧⲏⲩ (tēu) asəmmiđ’ ískàa qilleensa dabayl
164 snow ثَلْج (ṯalj) שֶׁלֶג (šeleğ) ܬܠܓܐ (talgâ) šalgu ሐመዳ (ħamadā) ⲭⲓⲱⲛ (khiōn) ađfəř ƙànƙáráa c'abbii baraf (< Persian)
165 ice ثَلْج (ṯalj),
جَلِيد (jalīd)
קֶרַח (qeraħ) ܓܠܝܕܐ (glīðâ) አስሐትያ (ʾäsḥätya) ⲕⲣⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲗⲟⲥ (krustallos) ažris ƙànƙáráa c'abbii baraf
166 smoke دُخَان (duḵān),
دُخَّان (duḵḵān)
עָשָׁן (ʿâšân) ܬܢܢܐ (tennânâ) qutru ጢስ (ṭis) ⲕⲣⲙⲧⲥ (krᵊmtᵊs), ⲧⲙⲧⲙ (tᵊmtᵊm) ddəxxan (< Ar.) háyáaûíi aara uun, qaac, qiiq
167 fire نَار (nār) אֵשׁ (ʾêš) ܢܘܪܐ (nūrâ),
ܐܫܬܐ (ʾeššâθâ)
išātu እሳት (ʾəsāt) ⲕⲱϩⲧ (kōhᵊt), ⲕⲣⲱⲛ (krōn) ŧiməssi wútáa bobaa, giimii, ibidda dab, oog
168 ash رَمَاد (ramād) אֵפֶר (ʾêfer) ܩܛܡܐ (qeṭmâ) didallu, ṭikmēnu ሐመድ (ħamad) ⲕⲣⲙⲉⲥ (kᵊrməs) iɣɣəđ tòokáa barbadaa dambas
169 burn (intrans.) حَرَقَ (ḥaraqa) בָּעַר (bâʿar) ܝܩܕ (yqað) napāxu ⲣⲱⲕϩ (rōkᵊh) šməđ’ ƙóonèe gub
170 road طَرِيق (ṭarīq) דֶּרֶךְ (derex) ܐܘܪܚܐ (ʾurħâ) xūlu ϩⲓⲏ (hiē), pl. ϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hiowə) aƀriđ hányàa waddo, jid, surin, tub,
wadiiqo, dhabbe, marin
171 mountain جَبَل (jabal) הַר (har) ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrâ) šadû ደብር (dabr) ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (tou) ađrā, ađmā tsáunìi, dúutsèe, túdùu gaara buur
172 red (adj.) أَحْمَر m (ʔaḥmar),
حَمْرَاء f (ḥamrāʔ)
אָדֹם m (ʾâðōm),
אֲדֻמָּה f (ʾaðummâ)
ܣܘܡܩܐ m (summâqâ),
ܣܘܡܩܬܐ f (summâqtâ)
ruššû, pēlu ቀይሕ (qayħ) ⲧⲱⲣϣ (tōrš) azəggwaɣ jáa diimaa casaan, gaduud
173 green (adj.) أَخْضَر m (ʔaḵḍar),
خَضْرَاء f (ḵaḍrāʔ)
יָרֹק m (yârōq),
יְרֻקָּה f (y'ruqqâ)
ܝܘܪܩܐ m (yurrâqâ),
ܝܘܪܩܬܐ f (yurrâqtâ)
warqu ሐመልሚል (ħamalmil) ⲟⲩⲟⲧ (wōt) aziyza tsánwáa, kóor̃èe bifa margaa cagaar
174 yellow (adj.) أَصْفَر m (ʔaṣfar),
صَفْرَاء f (ṣafrāʔ)
צָהֹב m (ṣâhōv),
צְהֻבָּה f (ṣ'hubbâ)
ܫܥܘܬܢܝܐ m (šâʿūθânâyâ),
ܫܥܘܬܢܝܬܐ f (šâʿūθânâytâ)
warqu ዘፍራ (zafrā) ⲙⲣⲟϣ (mᵊroš) awr’aɣ ràawáyàa boora huruud, cawl,
jaalle (< Italian)
175 white (adj.) أَبْيَض m (ʔabyaḍ),
بَيْضَاء f (bayḍāʔ)
לָבָן m (lâvân),
לְבָנָה f (l'vânâ)
ܚܘܪܐ m (ħewwârâ),
ܚܘܪܬܐ f (ħewwârtâ)
peṣû ጸዐዳ (ṣaʿadā),
ጻዕዳ (ṣāʿdā)
ⲟⲩⲟⲃϣ (ouovᵊš) ašəmřař fáríi adii caddaan
176 black (adj.) أَسْوَد m (ʔaswad),
سَوْدَاء f (sawdāʔ)
שָׁחֹר m (šâħōr),
שְׁחֹרָה f (š'ħōrâ)
ܐܘܟܡܐ m (ʾukkâmâ),
ܐܘܟܡܬܐ m (ʾukkâmtâ)
ṣalmu ጸሊም (ṣalim) ⲕⲏⲙ (kēm) aƀāršan báƙíi gur'aaccaa madow
177 night لَيْل (layl) לַיְלָה (laylâ) ܠܠܝܐ (lêlyâ) mūšu ሌሊት (lélit) ⲟⲩϣⲏ (ušē) ǧǧiřəŧ (< Ar.) dárée halkan habeen
178 day يَوْم (yawm) יוֹם (yōm) ܝܘܡܐ (yawmâ) ūmu ዕለት (ʿəlat) ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hou) nhā (< Ar.) ráanáa guyyaa maalin, dharaar
179 year سَنَة (sana),
عَام (ʕām)
שָׁנָה (šânâ) ܫܢܬܐ (ša(n)tâ) šattu ዓም (ʿām),
ዓመት (ʿāmat)
ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ (rompe), pl. ⲣⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩⲉ (rᵊmpowe) asəggwas shèeƙáràa, shèekáràa bara, waggaa sannad (< Ar.), kal,
shin, gu'
180 warm دَافِئ (dāfiʔ) חַם (ħam) ܫܚܝܢܐ (šaħħīnâ) šaḫnu ምውቅ (məwq) ⲑⲉⲣⲙⲟⲛ (thermon) ħma (< Ar.) buluqaa, o'aa qandac, diiran
181 cold بَارِد (bārid) קַר (qar) ܩܪܝܪܐ (qarrīrâ) kaṣû ቍር (qwər) ⲟⲣϣ (orš) asəmmađ’ mài ɗáaríi, mài sányíi qorraa qabow
182 full مُمْتَلِئ (mumtaliʔ) מָלֵא (mâlē) ܡܠܝܐ (malyâ) malû ምሉእ (məluʾ) ⲙⲏϩ (meh) ššua buux
183 new جَدِيد (jadīd),
حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ)
חָדָשׁ (ħâðâš) ܚܕܬܐ (ħa(ð)θâ) 𒉋 (eššu) ⲃⲣⲣⲉ (vᵊrre) žžđiđ (< Ar.) sáabóo haaraa cusub
184 old قَدِيم (qadīm) יָשָׁן (yâšân) ܥܬܝܩܐ (ʿattīqâ) (thing),
ܣܒܐ (sâvâ) (person)
labru,
𒋗𒄄 (šību)
ⲁⲥ (as) aməqqr’an, awəssā tsóohóo moofaa duug
185 good طَيِّب (ṭayyib) טוֹב (ṭōv) ܛܒܐ (ṭâvâ) 𒄭 (ṭābu) ኼር (xér) ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (nufe) šən fiican, wanaagsan
186 bad سَيِّئ (sayyiʔ) רַע (raʿ) ܒܝܫܐ (bīšâ) 𒅆𒌨 (lemnu) እኩይ (ʾəkuy) ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hou),
ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bo'on)
wā yəħři xun
187 rotten مُتَعَفِّن (mutaʕaffin) רָקוּב (râqūv) ܒܩܝܩܐ (bqīqâ) 𒅆𒌨𒁶 (masku) xs’ā ( < Ar.) bud'uq jed'a qurun
188 dirty قَذِر (qaḏir),
وَسِخ (wasiḵ)
מְלֻכְלָךְ (m'luxlâx) ܫܘܚܬܢܐ (šuħtânâ) 𒈬𒁍 ((w)aršu) marrəɣ dhusukh, uskag
189 straight مُسْتَقِيم (mustaqīm) יָשָׁר (yâšâr) ܬܪܝܨܐ (trīṣâ) ešru ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ (sutom) nišan ( < Ar.) toos, turuus
190 round مُسْتَدِير (mustadīr) עָגֹל (ʿâğul) ܚܘܕܪܢܝܐ (ħuðrânâyâ) kippatu aquřay wareeg
191 sharp حَادّ (ḥādd) חַד (ħað) ܚܪܝܦܐ (ħarrifâ) šēlu qđ’əʕ ( < Ar.) afle
192 dull ثَلِم (ṯalim) קֵהֶה (qêhe) ܩܗܝܐ (qahyâ) damiin
193 smooth نَاعِم (nāʕim) חָלָק (ħâlâq) ܦܫܝܩܐ (pšīqâ) ⲗⲉⲕⲗⲱⲕ (leklok) ařəqqaɣ dabac
194 wet رَطْب (raṭb) רָטֹב (râṭōv),
רָטוּב (râṭūv)
ܪܛܝܒܐ (raṭṭīvâ),
ܬܠܝܠܐ (tallīlâ)
raṭbu ϩⲟⲣⲡ (horp) uff jiid'aa qoyan
195 dry جَافّ (jāff),
يَابِس (yābis)
יָבֵשׁ (yâvêš) ܝܒܝܫܐ (yabbīšâ) ablu ⲃⲟⲥⲧ (vost) azəɣ qallal, engag
196 correct صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ) נָכוֹן (nâxōn) ܬܪܝܨܐ (trīṣâ) damqu ራትዕ (ratʿ) ⲥⲟⲟϩⲉ (so'ohe) nišan ( < Ar.) saxan, toosan
197 near قَرِيب (qarīb) קָרוֹב (qârōv) ܩܪܝܒܐ (qarrīvâ) 𒋼 (ṭexû) ϩⲏⲛ (hēn) ađəs kúsá d'i'oo dhow
198 far بَعِيد (baʕīd) רָחוֹק (râħōq) ܪܚܝܩܐ (raħħīqâ) nešû ርሑቅ (rəħuq) ⲟⲩⲉ (we) ggwəž níisá fagoo fag
199 right يَمِين (yamīn) יָמִין (yâmīn) ܝܡܝܢܐ (yammīnâ) 𒍠 (imittu) የመን (yaman) ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ (unam) afusi, yəffus dáamá mirga midig
200 left شِمَال (šimāl),
يَسَار (yasār)
שְׂמֹאל (ś'mōl) ܣܡܠܐ (semmâlâ) 𒆏𒁍 (šumēlu) ጸጋም (ṣagām) ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ (hvur) az’əřmađ’, z’əřməđ’ hágú bitaa bidix, gur
201 at عِنْدَ (ʕinda) בְּ־ (b'-) ܒ- (b-/ba-),
ܠܘܬ (lwâθ)
ϩⲛ- (hᵊn-) ɣā ag
202 in فِي (),
بِ (bi-)
בְּ־ (b'-) ܒ- (b-/ba-) ina (ba-) ϩⲛ- (hᵊn-) ku..
203 with مَعَ (maʕa),
بِ (bi-)
אֵת (ʾêθ),
בְּ־ (b'-),
עִם (ʿim)
ܥܡ (ʿam),
ܒ- (b-/ba-)
itti ⲙⲛ (mn) akəđ la
204 and وَ (wa-) וְ־ (w'-) ܘ- (w-/wa-) u ⲁⲩⲱ (auo) đ oo, iyo
205 if لَوْ (law),
إِذَا (ʔiḏā),
إِن (ʔin)
אִם (ʾim) ܐܢ (ʾen) šumma ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ (eršan) mařa haddii, lacalla
206 because بِسَبَبِ (bisababi),
لِأَنَّ (liʔanna)
בִּגְלַל (biğlal),
מִפְּנֵי (mipp'nê)
-ܡܛܠ ܕ (meṭṭol d-/da-),
ܒܥܠܬ (bʿellaθ)
aššum ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ (etve je) s minzi illeen, maxaayeelay
207 name اِسْم (ism) שֵׁם (šêm) ܫܡܐ (šmâ) 𒈬 (šumu) ስም (səm) ⲣⲁⲛ (ran) isəm (< Ar.) súunáa maqaa magac

References

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  • Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN
  • Eccles, Lance. A short English-Coptic classified vocabulary with illustrative sentences.
  • Smith, Richard. 1999. A Concise Coptic-English Lexicon, 2nd Edition. Society of Biblical Literature
  • Tarifiyt Berber (World Loanword Database)
  • Hausa (World Loanword Database)
  • Gragg, Gene B. 1982. Oromo Dictionary. Monograph (Michigan State University. Committee on Northeast African Studies) no. 12. East Lansing, MI: African Studies Center, Michigan State University.
  • Somach, Susan D. 2000. English - Somali Phrasebook with Useful Wordlist. Washington D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
  • Tarifit Swadesh List

See also

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