Appendix:Basque Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Basque, compared with definitions in English.

Spanish loanwords have been labeled as (Sp.).

List

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No. English Basque
euskara
1 I ni
2 you (singular) hi, zu
3 he, she, it hura, bera
4 we gu
5 you (plural) zuek
6 they haiek
7 this hau
8 that hori, hura
9 here hemen, hon-
10 there hor, han
11 who nor (interrogative)
12 what zer (interrogative)
13 where non (no movement, interrogative)
14 when noiz (interrogative)
15 how nola (interrogative)
16 not ez
17 all guzti, den, oro
18 many asko
19 some batzuk, zenbait
20 few gutxi
21 other beste
22 one bat
23 two bi
24 three hiru
25 four lau
26 five bost
27 big handi
28 long luze
29 wide zabal
30 thick lodi, gizen, potolo
31 heavy astun
32 small txiki
33 short labur, motz
34 narrow estu, mehar
35 thin argal
36 woman emakume
37 man (adult male) gizon
38 man (human being) gizaki
39 child haur, ume, sein
40 wife emazte
41 husband senar
42 mother ama
43 father aita
44 animal abere (domestic), animalia (Sp.)
45 fish arrain
46 bird txori
47 dog txakur
48 louse zorri
49 snake suge
50 worm har
51 tree zuhaitz
52 forest oihan, baso
53 stick makila
54 fruit igali, fruitu (Sp.), zitu (Sp.)
55 seed ale, hazi
56 leaf hosto, orri
57 root erro, sustrai
58 bark (of a tree) azal
59 flower lili, lore (Sp.)
60 grass belar, bedar
61 rope soka
62 skin larru
63 meat haragi
64 blood odol
65 bone hezur
66 fat (noun) gantz
67 egg arrautza
68 horn adar
69 tail buztan
70 feather luma
71 hair ile
72 head buru
73 ear belarri
74 eye begi
75 nose sudur
76 mouth aho
77 tooth hortz, hagin
78 tongue (organ) mihi
79 fingernail azazkal
80 foot oin
81 leg hanka, zango
82 knee belaun
83 hand esku
84 wing hego
85 belly sabel
86 guts heste, tripa (Sp.)
87 neck lepo
88 back bizkar
89 breast bular
90 heart bihotz
91 liver gibel
92 to drink edan
93 to eat jan
94 to bite kosk egin
95 to suck xurgatu
96 to spit txistu egin
97 to vomit goitikatu
98 to blow putz egin
99 to breathe arnas egin
100 to laugh barre egin
101 to see ikusi
102 to hear entzun
103 to know jakin
104 to think pentsatu (Sp.)
105 to smell usaindu
106 to fear beldur izan
107 to sleep lo egin
108 to live bizi izan
109 to die hil
110 to kill erahil
111 to fight borrokatu
112 to hunt ehizatu
113 to hit jo
114 to cut moztu
115 to split pitzatu
116 to stab sastatu
117 to scratch urratu
118 to dig aitzurtu
119 to swim igeri egin
120 to fly hegaz egin
121 to walk ibili
122 to come etorri
123 to lie (as in a bed) etzan (action), etzanda egon (state)
124 to sit eseri (action), eserita egon (state)
125 to stand zutitu (action), zutik egon (state)
126 to turn (intransitive) biratu
127 to fall erori, jausi
128 to give eman
129 to hold eduki
130 to squeeze estutu
131 to rub igurtzi
132 to wash ikuzi, garbitu, xahutu
133 to wipe xukatu, lehortu
134 to pull erakarri
135 to push bultzatu
136 to throw bota, jaurti(ki)
137 to tie lotu
138 to sew josi
139 to count zenbatu, kondatu (Sp.)
140 to say esan, erran
141 to sing abestu
142 to play jokatu
143 to float igerikatu
144 to flow isuri
145 to freeze izoztu
146 to swell hanpatu, puztu
147 sun eguzki, iguzki, eki
148 moon ilargi
149 star izar
150 water ur
151 rain euri
152 river ibai
153 lake aintzira, zingira
154 sea itsaso
155 salt gatz
156 stone harri
157 sand hondar, hare
158 dust hauts
159 earth lur
160 cloud hodei
161 fog laino
162 sky ortzi, zeru (Sp.)
163 wind haize
164 snow elur, edur
165 ice izotz
166 smoke ke
167 fire su
168 ash hauts, errauts
169 to burn erre
170 road bide
171 mountain mendi
172 red gorri
173 green orlegi, berde (Sp.)
174 yellow hori
175 white zuri
176 black beltz
177 night gau
178 day egun
179 year urte
180 warm bero
181 cold hotz
182 full beteta
183 new berri
184 old zahar
185 good on
186 bad txar
187 rotten ustel
188 dirty zikin
189 straight zuzen
190 round biribil
191 sharp (as a knife) zorrotz
192 dull (as a knife) kamuts
193 smooth leun
194 wet busti, heze
195 dry lehor
196 correct zuzen
197 near hurbil
198 far urrun
199 right eskuin
200 left ezker
201 at -n, -an, -ean, -etan
202 in -n, -an, -ean, -etan
203 with -ekin, -arekin
204 and eta
205 if (baldin) ba-
206 because -elako, bait-, ... eta
207 name izen, deitura
  • Orthography :

When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, number agreement, case declensions), the orthography is the following :

  • verbs : "Dictionary form" (past participle/imperative)
  • other words : uninflected

See also

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Bibliography

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  • Le basque unifié (initiation), Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne 1996, →ISBN (French)
  • Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN (French)

Further reading

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Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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