Appendix:Abinomn Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Abinomn, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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No. English Abinomn
1 I mit
2 you (singular) ni
3 he, she, it in
4 we awp
5 you (plural)
6 they kən
7 this
8 that
9 here
10 there
11 who
12 what
13 where
14 when
15 how
16 not
17 all
18 many
19 some
20 few
21 other
22 one
23 two
24 three
25 four
26 five
27 big
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman
37 man (adult male)
38 man (human being)
39 child
40 wife
41 husband
42 mother
43 father
44 animal
45 fish outin
46 bird səre
47 dog
48 louse dʒen / jen
49 snake
50 worm
51 tree wər
52 forest gʷek
53 stick
54 fruit
55 seed in
56 leaf nate
57 root isəm
58 bark (of a tree) wir
59 flower
60 grass
61 rope
62 skin is
63 meat
64 blood seide
65 bone
66 fat (noun)
67 egg
68 horn
69 tail
70 feather
71 hair erk
72 head
73 ear dəm
74 eye
75 nose amir
76 mouth sətopum
77 tooth ir
78 tongue (organ)
79 fingernail matowir
80 foot
81 leg teɸir
82 knee səmon
83 hand akwir
84 wing
85 belly ser (stomach)
86 guts
87 neck
88 back
89 breast ame
90 heart
91 liver sən
92 to drink
93 to eat
94 to bite
95 to suck
96 to spit
97 to vomit
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh
101 to see
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die
110 to kill
111 to fight
112 to hunt
113 to hit
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun sər
148 moon mən
149 star səkin
150 water
151 rain
152 river ter
153 lake
154 sea
155 salt
156 stone wor
157 sand bin
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud se
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire
168 ash bəsəm / besəm
169 to burn
170 road
171 mountain
172 red
173 green
174 yellow
175 white
176 black
177 night siwi
178 day
179 year
180 warm
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old
185 good
186 bad
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife)
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct
197 near
198 far
199 right
200 left
201 at
202 in
203 with
204 and
205 if
206 because
207 name
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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