Appendix:Hungarian Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Hungarian, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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EnglishHungarian
magyar nyelv
edit (207)
1I (1sg)én
2you (2sg)te
3he, she, it (3sg)ő
4we (1pl)mi
5you (2pl)ti
6they (3pl)ők
7thisez
8thataz
9hereitt
10thereott
11whoki
12whatmi
13wherehol
14whenmikor
15howhogy, hogyan
16notnem, ne
17allmind, minden
18manysok
19somenéhány
20fewkevés
21othermás
22oneegy
23twokettő
24threehárom
25fournégy
26fiveöt
27bignagy
28longhosszú
29wideszéles
30thickvastag
31heavynehéz
32smallkis
33shortrövid
34narrowszűk
35thinvékony
36woman
37man (adult male)férfi
38man (human being)ember
39childgyerek, gyermek
40wifefeleség
41husbandférj
42motheranya
43fatherapa
44animalállat
45fishhal
46birdmadár
47dogkutya, eb (formal or literary)
48lousetetű
49snakekígyó
50wormféreg
51treefa
52foresterdő
53stickbot
54fruitgyümölcs
55seedmag
56leaflevél
57rootgyökér
58bark (of a tree)kéreg
59flowervirág
60grass
61ropekötél
62skinbőr
63meathús
64bloodvér
65bonecsont
66fat (noun)háj
67eggtojás
68hornszarv
69tailfarok
70feathertoll
71hairhaj
72headfej
73earfül
74eyeszem
75noseorr
76mouthszáj
77toothfog
78tongue (organ)nyelv
79fingernailköröm
80footlábfej
81legláb
82kneetérd
83handkéz
84wingszárny
85bellyhas
86gutsbél
87necknyak
88backhát
89breastmell
90heartszív
91livermáj
92to drinkiszik
93to eateszik
94to biteharap
95to suckszop, szopik
96to spitköp
97to vomithány
98to blowfúj
99to breathelélegzik
100to laughnevet
101to seelát
102to hearhall
103to knowtud
104to thinkgondol
105to smellszagol
106to fearfél
107to sleepalszik
108to liveél
109to diemeghal
110to killöl
111to fightharcol
112to huntvadászik
113to hitüt
114to cutvág
115to splithasít
116to stabszúr
117to scratchvakar
118to digás
119to swimúszik
120to flyrepül
121to walkjár
122to comejön
123to lie (as in a bed)fekszik
124to sitül
125to standáll
126to turn (intransitive)fordul
127to fallesik
128to givead
129to holdtart
130to squeezesajtol
131to rubdörgöl
132to washmos
133to wipetöröl
134to pullhúz
135to pushtol
136to throwhajít
137to tieköt
138to sewvarr
139to countszámol
140to saymond
141to singénekel
142to playjátszik
143to floatlebeg
144to flowfolyik
145to freezemegfagy
146to swelldagad
147sunnap
148moonhold
149starcsillag
150watervíz
151raineső
152riverfolyó
153lake
154seatenger
155salt
156stone
157sandhomok
158dustpor
159earthföld
160cloudfelhő
161fogköd
162skyég
163windszél
164snow
165icejég
166smokefüst
167firetűz
168ashhamu
169to burnég
170roadút
171mountainhegy
172redpiros, vörös
173greenzöld
174yellowsárga
175whitefehér
176blackfekete
177nightéj
178daynap
179yearév
180warmmeleg
181coldhideg
182fullteli
183newúj
184oldöreg (being), régi (thing)
185good
186badrossz
187rottenrohadt
188dirtypiszkos
189straightegyenes
190roundkerek
191sharp (as a knife)éles
192dull (as a knife)tompa
193smoothsima
194wetnedves
195dryszáraz
196correcthelyes
197nearközel
198fartávol
199rightjobb
200leftbal
201at-nál, -nél
202in-ban, -ben
203with-val, -vel
204andés
205ifha
206becausemert
207namenév
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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