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Please see that page for discussion and justifications beyond the initial comment of: “not Old Prussian but (re-)constructed Old Prussian AKA Neo-Prussian” . You may continue to edit this appendix while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd }} until the debate has finished.
This is a Swadesh list of words in Old Prussian English .
Presentation
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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Old Prussian
1
I as
2
you (singular)
tū
3
he tāns
4
we mes
5
you jūs
6
they tenei
7
this šis
8
that stas
9
here stwi
10
there stwen
11
who kas
12
what kawīds
13
where kwēi
14
when kadan
15
how kāi
16
not ni
17
all wisāi
18
many tūlan
19
some deli
20
few mazzan kas
21
other kitan
22
one ains
23
two dwai
24
three trijan
25
four keturjāi
26
five pēnkjāi
27
big debīkan
28
long ilgāi
29
wide platus
30
thick stārs
31
heavy brendus
32
small līkuts
33
short īnsan
34
narrow anzuks
35
thin lāils
36
woman wīrina gena
37
man (adult| male)
wīrikan
38
man (human being)
zmānenawins
39
child mālnīks mālnīkiks
40
wife gena
41
husband wīrs
42
mother mūti muti mothe
43
father tāws
44
animal zwērins
45
fish zuks
46
bird pipelis
47
dog sunis
48
louse uts
49
snake angis
50
worm kīrmis
51
tree garrjan
52
forest medjan
53
stick (of wood)
lagzdē
54
fruit wēisis
55
seed sēmen
56
leaf lapan
57
root saknis
58
bark (of tree)
sakstis
59
flower kwēitis
60
grass zālīs
61
rope wīrbē
62
skin (of a person)
skārdā
63
meat (as in flesh)
mēnsā
64
blood krāujā
65
bone kaūlan
66
fat (noun)
taūks
67
egg pāuts
68
horn ragis
69
tail stags
70
feather plāugzdā
71
hair skebeljāi
72
head galwā
73
ear ausins
74
eye akīs
75
nose nozy
76
mouth austa
77
tooth (rather not molar)
dantis
78
tongue inzuwis
79
fingernail nagutīs
80
foot pēdā
81
leg aulinis
82
knee klupstis
83
hand rānkā
84
wing skreīlīs
85
belly wēdērs
86
guts tulawārtis
87
neck winzus
88
back ritiznan
89
breast kreklan
90
heart sēris
91
liver jakna
92
to drink
pōtwēi
93
to eat
ēstwen
94
to bite
aukanstun
95
to suck
dītun dastun
96
to spit
wemtweī
97
to vomit
sjaūtweī
98
to blow (as wind)
dumtwei
99
to breathe
dwestwei
100
to laugh
smeītun si
101
to see
wīdātun
102
to hear
kīrdītun klausītun
103
to know (a fact)
waīstun
104
to think
pamēritwei mēritwei
105
to smell
wōstun smīrdītwei
106
to fear
bijāsnan
107
to sleep
gulētun
108
to live
gijwans
109
to die
aulaut
110
to kill
galīntun
111
to fight
wālint
112
to hunt
medjānē
113
to hit
bruktēt
114
to cut
wartint
115
to split
spīltun
116
to stab (or stick)
bādīnt
117
to scratch (an itch)
kīrptun glāubtun grāmbintun
118
to dig
kaptun
119
to swim
plūtwei
120
to fly
skrāistwei skrītwei langītwei
121
to walk
eit zengt
122
to come
perēitwei
123
to lie (as in a bed)
mēntitun (action) , lānzītwei
124
to sit
sīstwei (action) , sīndītwei
125
to stand
stātwei (action) , stalītwei
126
to turn (intransitive)
līnkis wartīntun grānztun
127
to fall
krūtwei wīrstwei grustwei
128
to give
dātwei
129
to hold
lāikāitē
130
to squeeze
glabtun gnestun niettrepewīngis
131
to rub
tirtun
132
to wash
aumūtun mūtun
133
to wipe
klekstātun skistīntun
134
to pull
tēnstun wīlktun
135
to push
brjaūtun pistun
136
to throw
mestun
137
to tie
ristun sēitun
138
to sew
šūtun
139
to count
gīrbautun skaitātun
140
to say
gērdautun waitjātwei tarītun
141
to sing
gremtun
142
to play
spīlitun
143
to float
plaudīntun
144
to flow
tektwei bēgtwei
145
to freeze
saltwei
146
to swell
belztwei pabelztwei
147
sun saūlē
148
moon mēniks
149
star lāuksnā
150
water wundan
151
rain aglō
152
river ape
153
lake assaran
154
sea jūrjāi
155
salt sālis
156
stone stabs
157
sand zigzdā zwīrkstan
158
dust pūslē
159
earth zemē
160
cloud wupyan
161
fog migla
162
sky dāngus
163
wind wētra
164
snow snāigs
165
ice leds
166
smoke dūms
167
fire pannō
168
ash pelanē
169
to burn
degtwei
170
road pints
171
mountain grabis
172
red wārmis
173
green zaljan
174
yellow gēltāinan
175
white gaīls
176
black kīrsnan
177
night naktis
178
day (daytime)
deinan
179
year meta metan
180
warm tappis
181
cold saltan
182
full pilnan
183
new nāuns mālds
184
old wārs
185
good labs
186
bad wārgs pawārgewingisks
187
rotten puwwuns
188
dirty mēlins
189
straight entìkriskai
190
round skrits ebskrits
191
sharp (as a knife)
astars
192
dull (as a knife)
kams
193
smooth līgus izlīgintun
194
wet mārks
195
dry sāuss
196
correct tikkars tikrōmisks arwiskai
197
near taūwu pagār taūws
198
far tāli tāls etāliskan
199
right (side)
tikrā
200
left (side)
kāirā
201
at prēi
202
in ēn
203
with sa san
204
and be
205
if ik ikkai
206
because begi paggan kaddan gi stesse paggan
207
name wīrdan ēmens ēmen wirdan
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template )
