Appendix:Taghbach word list
The Taghbach (Tabghach) word list below contains reconstructed Taghbach words by Shimunek (2017).[1]
Notation
editForms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as ✩ by Shimunek 2017).
Abbreviations include:
- CSM (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
- NEMC (northern Early Middle Chinese)
- and others
Classification
editShimunek (2017) classifies Taghbach as part of a Serbi-Mongolic language family that he has proposed. Serbi-Mongolic has two primary branches, Mongolic and Serbi-Awar (or "para-Mongolic" in other classifications).
- Serbi-Mongolic (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
- Mongolic
- Serbi-Awar
- Awar (Avar) (Wu-huan 烏桓 or Wu-wan 烏丸)
- Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
- Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
- Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
- Taghbach
- T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
- Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
- Old Kitan
- Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
- Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')
Morphology
editTaghbach (reconstructed form) | Taghbach (original transcription) | English gloss | Original Chinese gloss | notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
*-A(y) ~ *ʁa(y) | verbal noun suffix | < CSM | ||
*-Al ~ *-l | deverbal noun suffix | < CSM | ||
**čɪ ~ **či | suffix denoting occupations | < CSM | ||
**-mɔr/-mʊr | 萬 | deverbal noun suffix | < CSM | |
**-n | plural suffix | < CSM |
Note that Taghbach, like Mongolian and Manchu, has suffixing morphology.
Lexicon
editTaghbach (reconstructed form) | Taghbach (original transcription) | English gloss | Original Chinese gloss | notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
*agyɪl ~ *agɪl | 屋引 | house | 房 | < CSM |
**âɦaɨyʁčɪn | 烏矮真 | External Attendants | 外左右 | |
*/bʊrčɪn/ (phonemic), *[bʊčɪn] (phonetic) | 附真 | nobles who prepare food | 貴人作食人 | < CSM |
*čarʁʊyčɪn | 折潰真 | people who send out and receive accusations on behalf of the ruler | 為主出受 | < CSM |
*čʰɪrqañ | 叱干 | a kind of artemisia | 薛 | < CSM |
*čʰɪrnɔ | 叱奴 | wolf | 狼 | < CSM |
**čʰɪrʊ | 叱盧 | invoke, praying | 祝 | |
*čʰur ~ *čʰʊr | 出連 | hand net | 畢 | < CSM |
**darbǝl/**dalbǝl/**dǝrbǝl/**dǝlbǝl (?) | 達勃 | robe | 褒 | cf. WMgl debel ~ degel ‘robe’ |
**dɪʁa | 地何 | writing, book, document | 書 | < **dɪ- (地) ‘to write’ (< Common Serbi *dɪ- ~ *tɪ- ‘write’ ← 書 LOC dial. *tɨ- ‘to write’) |
**digčin | 直真 | Internal Attendants | 内左右 | |
*dʊqʊ | 獨孤 | battle-axe | 劉 | |
**dźuwʁbiarkɔr̃ | 受別官 | feudal lords | 諸侯 | |
*gir | 其連 | sandal cord | 綦 | < CSM |
**ɣʊr/ldʊli ~ **ɣʊr/ldʊlig | 紇豆陵 | hole, drain | 竇 | cf. Middle Mongol quduq ‘well’ |
**ɣyam | 鹹 | relay route | 驛 | < CSM |
**ɣyamčɪn | 鹹真 | people who ride along the relay route through all provinces | 諸州乘驛人 | < CSM |
**ɦatśir̃ | 阿真 | food | 飲食 | |
**ɦirlǝgbɔr | 俟力伐 | abalone | 鮑 | |
*ɦorbǝl | 嗢盆 | warmth | 溫 | < *ɦorb-ǝl/*ɦorbǝ-l < *ɦorb-/*ɦorbǝ- ‘be warm’ < CSM |
*ɦɔray | 寃賴 | going | 就 | i.e. *ɦɔr-ay < *ɦɔr- ‘go’ < CSM |
**ɦʊgñag | 郁若 | Two Thousand Bushel Official | 二千石 | |
*ɦʊrʁay | 紇奚 | cultivation | for 稽 | i.e. *ɦʊrg-ay < *ɦʊrg- ‘cultivate’ < CSM |
*ɪrgɪn | 俟懃 | above, superior | 尚 | ← Central Eurasian Kulturwort |
*ɪrgɪn **diʁa/**dɪʁa | 俟懃地何 | imperial secretary | 尚書 | |
**kʰɪl- | (?) | speak | as in **kʰɪlmɔrčɪn ‘interpreters’ | |
**kʰɪlmɔrčɪn/**kʰɪlmʊrčɪn | 乞萬真 | interpreters | 通事人 | < CSM |
**kʰɪr- | 契 | to kill someone | 殺人 | < CSM |
**kʰɪʁkɪr̃ | 去斤 | mugwort | 艾 | |
**kʰɪrʁayčɪn | 契害真 | assassins | 殺人者 | < CSM |
*mʊdɪ | 莫堤 | prefect | 刺史 | < CSM |
*ñaqañ | 若干 | dog | 苟 for 狗 | < CSM |
**ñakkʰʊʁyɪr̃ | 若口引 | bandit | 寇 | |
*pary-al | 拔列 | bridge | 梁 | < CSM |
**pitəgčin/**bitəgčin | 比德真 | bureaucratic clerks | 曹局文書史 | cf. Old Turkic |
**pʰatala | 破多羅 | rice water | 潘 | cf. LMK path L ~ pat L ‘rice field’ |
**pʰɔgdayčɪn | 模大真 | people responsible for clothing | 檐衣人 | |
*pʰɔr- | 普 | surround | 周 | < CSM |
*pʰurtugčin | 拂竹真 | people who ride along the relay route | cf. WMgl örtegečin | |
*qaydʊlʊ | 奚斗盧 | Saka, Scythian | 索盧 | |
**qɔkʰɛyʁ ~ **qɔkɛy | 和稽 | sluggish | 緩 | |
*qɔw/*qəw | 侯 | pig, boar | 亥 | < CSM |
**qʊrag | 胡洛 | weapons of war | 仗 | < CSM |
**qʊragčɪn | 胡洛真 | people who carry weapons | 帶仗人 | |
**qʰaʁan | 可寒 | the imperial ancestors | 皇祖先 | |
**qʰaʁbagčɪn | 可薄真 | door guards | 守門人 | cf. Old Turkic |
*qʰaʁsʊn | 可孫 | imperial consort | 皇后 | |
*qʰaʁtʊn | 可敦 | the imperial ancestral mothers | 皇妣先 | |
**tʰaʁ | 托 | dirt, soil, earth | 土 | |
*tʰʊʁnar | 土難 | mountain | 山 | |
**tʰʊʁay | 吐奚 | ancient | 古 | |
*uwl/*ʊwl | 宥連 | cloud | 雲 | < CSM |
**yɨačin | 羊真 | The Three Dukes | 三公貴人 | |
*yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan | 壹斗眷 | bright | 明 | |
*žirpəŋ | 是賁 | raised earth, embankment | 封 | < CSM |
**žiʁlʊ | 是樓 | high, tall | 高 |
References
edit- ^ Shimunek, Andrew (2017) Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, →OCLC
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