I
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Translingual edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.
Letter edit
I (lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
I (lower case ı)
See also edit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter I): Íí Ìì Ĭĭ Îî Ǐǐ Ïï Ḯḯ Ĩĩ Įį Īī Ỉỉ Ȉȉ Ȋȋ Ịị Ḭḭ Ɨɨɨ̆ ᵻ ᶖ İi Iı ɪ Ii fi ffi IJij IJij
- (Letters using dot sign): Ȧȧ Ạạ Ặặ Ậậ Ǡǡ Ḃḃ Ḅḅ Ċċ Ḋḋ Ḍḍ Ėė Ẹẹ Ḟḟ Ġġ Ḣḣ Ḥḥ Ii İi Iı Ịị Ḳḳ Ḷḷ Ṁṁ Ṃṃ Ṅṅ Ṇṇ Ȯȯ Ọọ Ợợ Ṗṗ Ṙṙ Ṛṛ Ṡṡ Ṣṣ ẛ Ṫṫ Ṭṭ Ụụ Ựự Ṿṿ Ẇẇ Ẉẉ Ẋẋ Ẏẏ Ỵỵ Żż Ẓẓ
Symbol edit
I
- (chemistry) Symbol for iodine.
- (physics) Isotopic spin.
- (license plate codes) Italy
- (physics, electronics) Electrical current.
- (physics, kinematics) moment of inertia.
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for isoleucine
- (mathematics, linear algebra) identity matrix
- (mathematical analysis, topology) the (closed) unit interval; [0, 1]
- (inorganic chemistry) Specifying an oxidation state of 1
- (music) major tonic triad
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a front vowel or a high vowel
- (actuarial notation) arithmetically increasing payments
- (clothing) Bra cup size.
Numeral edit
I (upper case Roman numeral, lower case i)
See also edit
Gallery edit
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of I, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase I in Fraktur
See also edit
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s):Character=I9Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of I:
References edit
- chapter I, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- chapter I, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (letter name): enPR: ī, IPA(key): /aɪ/
- (General American) IPA(key): [aj]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): [ɑj]
- (Southern American English) IPA(key): [aː]
- (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): [ɑe̯]
Audio (US) (file) Audio (UK) (file)
- Rhymes: -aɪ
- Homophones: eye, aye, ay
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English I (also ik, ich), from Old English ih (also ic, iċċ (“I”)), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Cognate with Scots I, ik, A (“I”), Saterland Frisian iek (“I”), West Frisian ik (“I”), Dutch ik (“I”), Low German ik (“I”), German ich (“I”), Bavarian i (“I”), Yiddish איך (ikh, “I”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål jeg (“I”), Norwegian Nynorsk eg (“I”), Swedish jag (“I”), Icelandic ég, eg (“I”), Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik, “I”), and more remotely with Latin ego (“I”), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ, “I”), Russian я (ja, “I”), Lithuanian aš (“I”), Armenian ես (es, “I”), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám, “I”), Hittite 𒌑𒊌 (ūk, “I”). See also English ich. Doublet of ego and Ich.
Capitalized since 13th century to mark it as a distinct word and prevent misreading and omission (due to cursive writing).
Pronoun edit
I (first person singular subject personal pronoun, objective me, possessive my, possessive pronoun mine, reflexive myself)
- The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 414:
- […] It ill beſeemes a knight of gentle ſort, / Such as ye haue him boaſted, to beguyle / A ſimple maide, and worke ſo hainous tort, / In ſhame of knighthood, as I largely can report.
- 1854, Gustave Chouquet, Easy Conversations in French[1], page 9:
- Here I am, sir.
Audio (file)
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
- I know I have a pen, though…
Audio (US) (file)
- I know I have a pen, though…
- (nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.
- Mom drove my sister and I to school.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
- Sweet Baſſanio, My ſhips haue all miſcarried, my Creditors grow cruell, my eſtate is very low: my bond to the Iew is forfet, and ſince in paying it, it is impoſſible I ſhould liue, all debts are cleered betweene you and I if I might but ſee you at my death.
- 1980, Bob Marley, Redemption Song
- Old pirates, yes, they rob I
Sold I to the merchant ships
Minutes after they took I
From the bottomless pit.
- Old pirates, yes, they rob I
Usage notes edit
- The word I is always capitalised in written English. Other forms of the pronoun, such as me and my, follow regular English capitalisation rules.
- I is the subject (nominative) form, as opposed to me, which is the objective (accusative and dative) form. Me is also used emphatically, like French moi. In some cases there are differing views about which is preferred. For example, the traditional rule followed by some speakers is to use I as the complement of the copula (It is I), but it is now more usual to choose me in this context (It's me).
- When used in lists, it is often thought better to refer to oneself last. Thus it is more natural to say John and I than I and John. In such lists, the traditional rule is to use the same case form one would choose if there were only one pronoun. Thus, since we say I am happy, we say John and I are happy, but since we say Jenny saw me, so we say Jenny saw John and me. However, one frequently hears John and me are happy, which is traditionally seen as a case error. Similarly, probably as a hypercorrected reaction to this, one can occasionally hear phrases like Jenny saw John and I.
Synonyms edit
- ich, ch
- my ass, m'ass (vulgar slang)
- muggins, yours truly
- Ah (phonetic spelling, African-American Vernacular English)
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See also edit
Noun edit
I (countable and uncountable, plural I's)
- (metaphysics) The ego.
- Synonym: me
- a. 1733, Thomas Boston, edited by [Thomas Boston the younger], Sermons and Discourses on Several Important Subjects in Divinity. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] William Gray, […], published 1753, page 333:
- They are called men, becauſe each of them poſſeſſeth the whole man, though not wholly. There are by their means two I’s in every believer, Rom. vii. 15. For that which I do, I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I. There is not one part of the man that is in Chriſt, but grace has a part of it, and corruption has a part of it: as in the twilight there is light over all, and darkneſs over all too, the darkneſs being mixed in every part with the light. So my renewed part is I, a man having an underſtanding enlightened, a will renewed, affections ſpiritualized, uſing my body conform: but my unrenewed part is I too, having an underſtanding darkened, a will rebellious, affections corrupted, and uſing my body accordingly.
- 1873, Henry Ward Beecher, “Paul”, in The Great Bible Renowns, page 45:
- In other words, he said: “I have two natures. I have a flesh nature, an outside nature, and that keeps sinning; and then I have another nature—an inside, a spiritual nature—and that does not like sinning; and with my heart-power, my conscience-power, my love-power, with the power of the divine element that is in me, I look and see what this body outside, which clothes me, is trying to do. And here are two I’s that are fighting. The inside I is arrayed against the outside I; and the outside has the advantage.”
- 1916, S. A. Steel, “Down the James Long Ago—I”, in Christian Advocate, volume 77, page 1094, column 1:
- Am I a double personality? Are there two “I’s” in my anatomy—one a conscious “I,” giving attention to what I am doing, and another unconscious “I,” giving attention to something entirely different?
- 1962, Arthur Osborne, editor, The Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words, London: Rider & Company, published 1975, page 122:
- B. (smiling): Have you come to examine me? You must say who you are. / D.: However much I may try, I do not seem to catch the ‘I’. It is not even clearly discernible. / B.: Who is it that says that the ‘I’ is not discernible? Are there two ‘I’s in you, that one is not discernible to the other?
- 2011, Michael Gluckman, Making Your Wisdom Come Alive: A Guide to the Source of Your Wisdom and Joy, Light Up Your Life, →ISBN:
- Who is it that says that ‘I’ is not perceptible? Is there an ignorant ‘I’ and an elusive ‘I’? Are there two ‘I’s in the same person? It is the mind that says that ‘I’ is not perceptible. Where is that mind from? Know the mind. You will find it a myth. / We all feel that there is only one I; not two, one ignorant of the other.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
- Old French i, from Latin ī, from Etruscan I (i).
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i, plural Is or I's)
- The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Number edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
Etymology 3 edit
Abbreviation.
Noun edit
I (countable and uncountable, plural Is)
- (US, roadway) Interstate.
- (grammar) Abbreviation of instrumental case.
- (computing) Abbreviation of instruction.
Etymology 4 edit
Interjection edit
I
References edit
- chapter I, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- chapter I, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- "I" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.
Afar edit
Letter edit
I (lowercase i)
- The ninth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Noun edit
Angami edit
Letter edit
I
- The fifth letter of the Angami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) Ü ü, Üi üi, A a, Ai ai, I i, Ie ie, U u, Uo uo, E e, Ei ei, O o, Ou ou, K k, Kh kh, G g, Ng ng, C c, Ch ch, J j, Jh jh, Ny ny, T t, Th th, D d, N n, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, Dz dz, P p, Ph ph, B b, M m, Pf pf, Bv bv, Y y, Yh yh, R r, Rh rh, L l, Lh lh, F f, V v, W w, Wh wh, S s, Sh sh, Z z, Zh zh, H h
Azerbaijani edit
Letter edit
I upper case (lower case ı)
- The thirteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Basque alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Cameroon Pidgin edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
I
- I, 1st person singular subject personal pronoun
See also edit
Central Franconian edit
Etymology edit
- For the origin of /e/, see E.
- /i/ is from Middle High German i in open syllables; in Ripuarian from ī before velars.
- /iː/ is from ī before non-velars in Ripuarian; from ē in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian; from ie, üe in southern Moselle Franconian; from æ (œ) in some dialects.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes edit
- In the German-based spelling, /e/ is usually represented by E (see there).
- In the German-based spelling, long i is generally written ie except when the German cognate has /iː/ as well and spells it i. Either spelling may be used in the following cases:
- In the Dutch-based spelling, both short /i/ and long /iː/ are generally written ie except when the Dutch cognate has /i/ and spells it i. The short vowel is optionally indicated in open syllables by doubling the following consonant: piemmele, piemele.
Chinese edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Letter edit
I
- The ninth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2 edit
Letter edit
I
- The ninth letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes edit
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
Chipewyan edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (lower case ı)
- A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old East Norse *īʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Cognate with Swedish ni, Norwegian Nynorsk de, Faroese tær, and Icelandic þér.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
I (objective jer, possessive jeres)
- (personal) you, you all (second person plural)
- I må ikke gå derind!
- You can't go in there!
- 2014, Diverse forfattere, Fire uger blev til fire år - og andre beretninger, Lindhardt og Ringhof →ISBN
- Og så er der forresten lidt mere med det samme: I må love os een ting. mor og far, I må ikke efterligne os unge! — For gør I det, ja, så kommer I til at se så morsomme ud. — I må ikke prøve på at løbe fra jeres alder, for det kan I alligevel ikke.
- And by the way, there's something else: You must promise us one thing, mum and dad, you may not imitate us young! — For if you do, you will look so funny. — you may not try to run way from your age, for you can't do that anyway.
- 1981, Mogens Wolstrup, Vild hyben: danske forfattere skriver om jalousi
- Men det er ikke jeres skyld, siger Ditte. I er unge og kloge. I er grimme og fantastisk smukke. I har modet! I er på rette vej med jeres show. Jeg føler med jeres oprør, og måske derfor kunne jeg ikke klare mere. Jeres hud er glat, I er startet i tide.
- But it is not your fault, Ditte says. You are young and intelligent. You are ugly and amazingly beautiful. You have the courage! You are on the right path with your show. I feel with your rebellion, and perhaps for that reason, I couldn't take any more. Your skin is smooth, you started in time.
- Men det er ikke jeres skyld, siger Ditte. I er unge og kloge. I er grimme og fantastisk smukke. I har modet! I er på rette vej med jeres show. Jeg føler med jeres oprør, og måske derfor kunne jeg ikke klare mere. Jeres hud er glat, I er startet i tide.
- 2011, Per Ullidtz, Absalons Europa, BoD – Books on Demand →ISBN, page 229
- Og lidt senere ”I har hørt at det er sagt: øje for øje og tand for tand. Men jeg siger jer, at I må ikke sætte jer imod det onde; men dersom nogen giver dig et slag på din højre kind, da vend ham også den anden til! ...
- And a little later ”you have heard it said: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But I say to you, you may not resist evil; but if anyone hits you on the right cheek, turn the other towards [whoever hit you]! ...
- Og lidt senere ”I har hørt at det er sagt: øje for øje og tand for tand. Men jeg siger jer, at I må ikke sætte jer imod det onde; men dersom nogen giver dig et slag på din højre kind, da vend ham også den anden til! ...
Descendants edit
- Norwegian Bokmål: I
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
References edit
- “I,4” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (capital, lowercase i)
- The ninth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See also edit
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The twelfth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Estonian edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ii and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and I for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ii and written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
Noun edit
I
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the German alphabet.
Related terms edit
- I longa f
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The fifteenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | I | I-k |
accusative | I-t | I-ket |
dative | I-nek | I-knek |
instrumental | I-vel | I-kkel |
causal-final | I-ért | I-kért |
translative | I-vé | I-kké |
terminative | I-ig | I-kig |
essive-formal | I-ként | I-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | I-ben | I-kben |
superessive | I-n | I-ken |
adessive | I-nél | I-knél |
illative | I-be | I-kbe |
sublative | I-re | I-kre |
allative | I-hez | I-khez |
elative | I-ből | I-kből |
delative | I-ről | I-kről |
ablative | I-től | I-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
I-é | I-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
I-éi | I-kéi |
Possessive forms of I | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | I-m | I-im |
2nd person sing. | I-d | I-id |
3rd person sing. | I-je | I-i |
1st person plural | I-nk | I-ink |
2nd person plural | I-tek | I-itek |
3rd person plural | I-jük | I-ik |
See also edit
Ido edit
Letter edit
I (lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Irish edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈi/*
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: Ì
- (phonemic realization) IPA(key): /i/
- (phonemic realization when followed by a vowel in the same syllable) IPA(key): /j/
Letter edit
I f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Italian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
I
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and I for development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The thirteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The thirteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I
- The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
- ich, iche, icche, i, j, hi, hij, jch, hich, hic, ic, ick, ih, ig, ik, ike, ihc, ichc, ichs, ics, a, y
Etymology edit
From Old English iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, Proto-Germanic *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. More at English I.
The loss of /t͡ʃ/ at first occurs in unstressed positions when the following word begins with a consonant. The pronunciation /iː/ results from restressing the unstressed pronunciation.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
I (accusative me, genitive min, genitive determiner mi, min)
- I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
- c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39)[2], folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:
- Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.
- "Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows."
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[3], published c. 1410, Joon 15:19, page 51v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- If ȝe hadden be of þe woꝛld .· þe woꝛld ſchulde loue þat þing þat was his / but foꝛ ȝe ben not of þe woꝛld · but I chees ȝou fro þe woꝛld .· þerfoꝛ þe woꝛld hatiþ ȝou
- If you had been of the world, the world would love that which is its [own]; so the world hates you, because you aren't of the world. Instead I picked you from the world.
Usage notes edit
- Capitalized since 13th century to mark it as a distinct word and prevent misreading.
Descendants edit
See also edit
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 |
min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 |
þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 |
him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo |
hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 |
his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 |
hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References edit
- “ich, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-05.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Danish I, from Old East Norse *īʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Cognate with Swedish ni, Norwegian Nynorsk de, Faroese tær, and Icelandic þér.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Letter edit
I (lower case i, definite singular I-en, indefinite plural I-ar, definite plural I-ane)
- The ninth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, called I and written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The upper case spelling might be an orthographic influence from cognate English I, or as a means to differenciate from native preposition i (“in”).
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
I (objective me, possessive min)
Etymology 3 edit
Possibly through Danish I. From Old Norse ér, ír, from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare with de. The upper case spelling might be explained either by its use as an honorific, or with its plausible Danish origins.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
I (objective ær or ør or jærs, possessive ærs or ørs or jærs)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “I” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- Torp, Alf (1919) chapter I, in Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Kristiania: Aschehoug, page 240
- Ivar Aasen (1850) chapter I, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog[4] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
Anagrams edit
Nupe edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The eleventh letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and I for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The twelfth letter of the Polish alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Portuguese edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Romani edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- (International Standard) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The eleventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- Generally represents the phoneme /i/.
- Before vowels, this letter usually takes on the sound of /j/
- ianuarie /ja.nuˈa.ri.e/
- At the ends of words (except verb infinitives, and those ending in a consonant cluster ending in l or r), the letter palatalizes the previous syllable and is "whispered": /ʲ/
- băieți /bəˈjetsʲ/
See also edit
Saanich edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I
- The eleventh letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Scots edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English I, from Old English iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun edit
I (first person singular, emphatic I)
Synonyms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Letter edit
I
- The ninth letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l. Its traditional name is iodh (“yew”).
See also edit
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and I for development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The eleventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Skolt Sami edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (lower case i)
- The sixteenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Gaj's Latin alphabet I, from Czech alphabet I, from Latin I, from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.
Pronunciation edit
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): /ˈíː/, /ˈìː/, /ˈî/, /i/, [ˈɪ́ː], [ˈɪ̀ː], [ˈɪ̂], [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], [ˈɪ̂ː], [ˈɪ̌ː], SNPT: /ī/, /ȉ/, /i/ |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], SNPT: [ī] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],
|
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
homophones=<span class="homophones">[[Appendix:Glossary#homophone|Homophone]]: <span class="Latn" lang="sl">[[i#Slovene|i]]</span></span>[[Category:Slovene terms with homophones|I]]Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The tenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- The fifteenth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- The eleventh letter of the Natisone Valley alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Noun edit
Ī m inan
- The name of the Latin script letter I / i.
Inflection edit
- Overall more common
First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | I | ||
gen. sing. | I-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
I | I-ja | I-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik |
I-ja | I-jev | I-jev |
dative dajȃlnik |
I-ju, I-ji | I-jema | I-jem |
accusative tožȋlnik |
I | I-ja | I-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
I-ju, I-ji | I-jih | I-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
I-jem | I-jema | I-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
I | I-ja | I-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | I | ||
gen. sing. | I | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
I | I | I |
genitive rodȋlnik |
I | I | I |
dative dajȃlnik |
I | I | I |
accusative tožȋlnik |
I | I | I |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
I | I | I |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
I | I | I |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
I | I | I |
- Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century
First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | I | ||
gen. sing. | I-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
I | I-ja | I-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik |
I-ja | I-jov | I-jov |
dative dajȃlnik |
I-ju, I-ji | I-joma | I-jom |
accusative tožȋlnik |
I | I-ja | I-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
I-ju, I-ji | I-jih | I-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
I-jom | I-joma | I-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
I | I-ja | I-ji |
Derived terms edit
- Ï
- Ì
- Í
See also edit
- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
Further reading edit
- “I”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Somali edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I upper case (lower case i)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Somali alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by E and followed by O.
See also edit
Spanish edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- the ninth letter of the Spanish alphabet
Adjective edit
I
- Abbreviation of ilustre.
- La I municipalidad de Valparaíso.
- The illustrious municipality of Valparaíso.
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
See the etymology at #Translingual.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Swedish alphabet.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Swedish ī, īr, from Old Norse ír, variant of ér, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
I (personal pronoun)
Synonyms edit
References edit
- Lindström, Fredrik (2010) “Svårt att gissa arslets grundform [Hard to guess the lemma of arslet]”, in Språktidningen[5] (in Swedish), number 5, retrieved 14 July 2020
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
From Spanish I. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English I.
- Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish I.
Pronunciation edit
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA(key): /ˈʔaj/, [ˈʔaɪ̯]
- (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario): IPA(key): /ʔi/, [ʔɪ]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /i/, [ɪ]
- Rhymes: -aj, -i
- Hyphenation: I
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌ᜔)
- The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called ay and written in the Latin script.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abakada alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called i and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Further reading edit
- chapter I, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case ı)
- The eleventh letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ı and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔi˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]The template Template:vi-IPA does not use the parameter(s):
2=i ngắn
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The twelfth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called i or i ngắn and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /iː/
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˌiː ˈdɔt/, /ˌiː ˈðɔt/
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i or i dot and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by H and followed by J.
Mutation edit
- I cannot mutate but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word iwrch (“roe deer”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
iwrch | unchanged | unchanged | hiwrch |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter I, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The tenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called í and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu edit
Letter edit
I (upper case, lower case i)
- The ninth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.