User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr
ped- (#ped-) peh₂- (#peh₂-) peh₂ǵ- (#peh₂ǵ-) peh₂ḱ- (#peh₂ḱ-) peh₂w- (#peh₂w-) peh₃- (#peh₃-) peḱ- (#peḱ-) pekʷ- (#pekʷ-) pel- (#pel-) pelH- (#pelH-) pelth₂- (#pelth₂-) pent- (#pent-) per- (#per-) perd- (#perd-) perḱ- (#perḱ-) pesd- (#pesd-) peth₂- (#peth₂-) peyǵ- (#peyǵ-) peyḱ- (#peyḱ-) peys- (#peys-) peysḱ- (#peysḱ-) pleh₁- (#pleh₁-) pleh₂- (#pleh₂-) pleḱ- (#pleḱ-) plew- (#plew-) plewd- (#plewd-) plewk- (#plewk-) pnew- (#pnew-) preh₂- (#preh₂-) preḱ- (#preḱ-) prews- (#prews-) preyH- (#preyH-) prk- (#prk-) reh₁d- (#reh₁d-) reh₁t- (#reh₁t-) reyǵ- (#reyǵ-)
P
editProto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *péd-ye-ti (*ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pádyati (see there for further descendants)
- *pi-péd-ti ~ *pi-pd-énti (reduplicated present)
- *pe-pód-e ~ *pe-pd-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- *pod-éye-ti (causative)
- *ped-e-ti (innovative root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *fetaną (see there for further descendants)
- *pṓd-s (“foot”)
- *ped-om (“step”)
- *ped-eh₂
- *pēd-ó-
- *ped-to-
- *ped-yós
- *ped-yōs
- *ped-tm̥mo-
- *ped-uro-
- Proto-Germanic: *feturaz (see there for further descendants)
- *ped-tís (or *ped-h₂t-í-s, with -h₂t- from the root *h₂et- (“to go, to wander”)[4])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *patˢtíš (“foot soldier”)
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *fatōną
- Proto-Italic:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 790-792
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ped-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 458
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pad”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 526-540
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editUsage notes
editSemantic shift from "protector" towards "shepherd, herder" can be seen in many branches, signifying the importance of herding. Unusual is the o-grade root in Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”), where the abstract nomina agentis suffix *-mn̥ usually binds e-grade, but that hardly seems sufficient to reconstruct *h₃ in the root and to separate it from *peh₂-.
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *peh₂(y)-
- *péh₂-ti ~ *ph₂-énti (athematic root present)
- *péh₂-s-ti ~ *ph₂-s-énti (s-present)[4][5]
- *ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)
- *poh₂-t-éye- or *ph₂-t-éye- (enlarged causative)
- *ph₂-t-éh₂-(ye)-
- Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”) (see there for further descendants)
- *poh₂-mn̥
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)
- Hellenic:
- *poh₂-i-mn̥
- Balto-Slavic:
- Hellenic:
- *poh₂-yus
- *ph₂tḗr (“father”)
- *peh₂-tew-
- Iranian: *pātew-
- Iranian: *ā-pāta- "city, cultivated"
- Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n /apadāna/)
- Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
- *peh₂-lo-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Sanskrit: पाल (pāla)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *peh₂-tro- (“guarder, protector, keeper”)
- *peh₂-dʰlom
- Italic:
- Latin: pābulum
- Italic:
- *peh₂-dʰrom
- Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”) (see there for further descendants)
- *Péh₂-usōn[6]
- *péh₂-tōr ~ ph₂-tr-és (“protector, guardian”)
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pā-: pə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 787
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pō(i)-: (pəi- ?:) pī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₂(i̯)-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “paḫš-a(ri), paḫš-i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 707-709
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pasti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 434
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative forms
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- peh₂ǵ-neu-[3]
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “I secure, fasten”)
- Hellenic:
- *ph₂ǵ-éh₂ye-ti (iterative or causative verb with *-eh₂yéti)
- Italic:
- ⇒ Latin: prōpāgō
- Italic:
- *ph₂-né-ǵ- ~ *ph₂-n̥-ǵ- (nasal-infix present)[4]
- *ph₂ǵ-tós
- Italic:
- Latin: pactus
- Italic:
- *ph₂ǵ-eh₂
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πάγη (págē)
- Hellenic:
- *peh₂ǵ-mn̥
- *ph₂ǵ-o-[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *faką (“enclosure, section”) (see there for further descendants)
- *peh₂ǵ-os[4]
- *péh₂ǵ-s (nomen actionis)
- Hellenic:
- ⇒? Ancient Greek: ἅπαξ (hápax)
- Hellenic:
- *p(e)h₂ǵ-sleh₂
- *p(e)h₂ǵ-slo-
- *p(e)h₂ǵ-slo-lo-
- Proto-Italic: *pākslolos
- Latin: paxillus
- Proto-Italic: *pākslolos
- *peh₂ǵ-sno-
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πάχνη (pákhnē)
- Hellenic:
- *ph₂ǵ-y(e)h₂-lo-
- *peh₂ǵ-dʰlo-
- Italic:
- ⇒ Latin: repāgulum
- Italic:
- (possibly) *ph₂ǵ-sth₂-[5]
- Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
- Proto-Albanian: *en-pāginja[6]
- Albanian: mpij (“to benumb”)
- Proto-Albanian: *en-pāginja[6]
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: աստեմ (astem, “to look for a bride; ask in marriage”)
- Celtic:
- Welsh: aelod (“a member”)
- Italic:
- Hellenic:
- Albanian:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 787–788
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*faka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pangō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fastu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 138
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mpij”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 279
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative forms
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
- to join, to attach
- agreement, settlement
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *ph₂ḱ- (zero-grade root present)
- *ph₂-né-ḱ- ~ *ph₂-n̥-ḱ- (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Germanic: *fanhaną (“to catch, to take”) (see there for further descendants)
- *poh₂ḱ-éye- (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *fōgijaną (“to join”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paHćáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHśáyati
- Sanskrit: पाशयति (pāśáyati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHśáyati
- *péh₂ḱ-s
- *ph₂ḱ-ró-s
- *ph₂ḱ-tó-
- Italic:
- Latin: pactum (“settlement”)
- Italic:
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *peh₂u-kos[1]
- *péh₂u-ros[3][4][1]
- *péh₂w-ids[5]
- *peh₂w(o)-p(o)rh₃os (“providing little”)[6]
- Proto-Italic: *pawoparos
- Latin: pauper (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *pawoparos
- *ph₂w-er-os[7]
- *ph₂w-os
- Proto-Germanic: *fawaz (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “paucus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 450-451
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pūpa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παῦρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1158
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “parvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παῖς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1142-1142
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pauper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “puer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “փոքր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 530ab
- ^ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9)[4] (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 361–362
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 165
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pъtakъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editAlternative reconstructions
edit- *peh₃(y)-[3]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *péh₃-t ~ *ph₃-ént (root aorist)[4]
- *pí-ph₃-e-ti (thematic reduplicated present)
- *pe-póh₃-e ~ *pe-ph₃-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पपौ (papáu)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *péh₃-mn̥
- *péh₃-ti-s ~ *ph₃-téy-s
- *ph₃-tó-s (“(having been) drunk; having drunk”)
- *péh₃-tlo-m
- *peh₃-ter-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पातृ (pā́tṛ or pātṛ́, “drinker”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *pih₃- (reanalyzed) or *peh₃-y- (extended)
- Unsorted formations
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (pa-a-aš-šu-an-zi, “to swallow”) (possibly from s-extension *peh₃-s-[7])
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Hellenic: *pótos
- Ancient Greek: πότος (pótos)
Descendants
edit- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पा (pā, “to drink”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bibō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-1195
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 462-463
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pōtus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pi”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 324–325
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Proto-Indo-Iranian, page 1884
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
- to pluck (wool, hair)
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *péḱ-ti
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πέκω (pékō, “to comb”)
- Hellenic:
- *peḱ-te-ti (perhaps by metathesis from *petḱ- < *pe-pḱ- or the same seen in *pléḱ-te-ti)
- *poḱ-os-
- Proto-Germanic: *fahaz (“sheep”)
- *poḱ-o-
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πόκος (pókos)
- Hellenic:
- *poḱ-ti-
- *p(e)ḱ-tén-s
- *poḱ-s-om
- Proto-Germanic: *fahsą
- *poḱ-s-mn̥
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páćšma (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[2]
Benviste (1969: 47-61) proposed that the primary meaning was "movable property, wealth", with a secondary meaning of "livestock" simply because this was how wealth was measured by the Proto-Indo-Europeans (and many descendant cultures). In corroboration, Kim McCone (1991:43-44) highlights wealth- and/or status-oriented terms such as Old Irish (am)bue, Homeric Greek -boios, and Sanskrit -guh.
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *peḱ-u
- *péḱ-os ~ *péḱ-es-os
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[3]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *peḱ- (root present)
- *poḱ-éye- (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *fagjaną (“to please”)
- Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*fahjan) (in 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fullafahjan))
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *fagjaną (“to please”)
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pectō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pecū”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “puõšti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego[7] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 489
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr (imperfective)[1][2][3]
Reconstruction
editIt has been suggested[4][5] that Hittite and Lydian terms which point to a root *pekʷ- (“to pound, crush, crack (grain)”) may preserve the original meaning of the PIE root, which later shifted in meaning to “to prepare food, cook” by the ancestor of the non-Anatolian branches.
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pékʷ-e-ti (root present)[6][7][8][9][10][11]
- *pékʷ-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
- *pékʷ-mn̥ ~ *pkʷ-mén-
- *pékʷ-tis ~ *pkʷ-téy-[12]
- *pékʷ-tōr ~ *pkʷ-trés (“one who cooks”)
- *pókʷ-o-s
- *pokʷ-tó-s[13]
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1.*peku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 798
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*peku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 468
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1180-1181
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Janda, Michael (2000) Eleusis: Das indogermanische Erbe der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; Hauptreihe, 96), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 49–51
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sasseville, David, Rieken, Elisabeth, Steer, Thomas (2017–) “*peku̯-”, in Olav Hackstein, Jared L. Miller & Elisabeth Rieken, editors, Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of the Minor Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)[8], München & Marburg
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pjek”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 329
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pektì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kepti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 237-238
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷokʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page page180
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “coquō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pȇktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pȏtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “pakkušš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 618–619
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés
- *pél-mn̥
- *pél-sḱo-s
- *pél-trom
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)
- Extensions
- *pel-k-
- *pel-t-
- *pl-ew- (or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)[7]
- ⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-
- ⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s
- ⇒ *pélh₂-t-?
- Proto-Hellenic:
- >? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas) (or from Pre-Greek)
- >? Ancient Greek: ἐρυσίπελας (erusípelas) (+ *h₁rewdʰ-ti-?) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas) (or from Pre-Greek)
- Proto-Hellenic:
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (perhaps the same as the above)
- to fold
Extensions
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pl-okos
- *pl-o-
- *pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)
- *pel-t-
- Proto-Germanic: *falþaną
- *pl̥-tu-
- ⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -πλάσιος (-plásios), -πλήσιος (-plḗsios) (e.g. τριπλάσιος (triplásios))
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Unsorted formations:
Root
edit*PIE roots pr
Extensions
edit- *pel-d-
- *pel-d
- Proto-West Germanic: *felt (see there for further descendants)
- *pel-d
- *pel-em-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πελεμίζω (pelemízō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *pel-h₂-
- *pl-eh₂-k-
- *pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti
- *pl-eh₂-k-tro-
- Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom
- *pl-eh₂-g-
- *pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)
- *pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti
- *pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti
- *pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂
- Unsorted formations:
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page Lua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pol-ye-ti
- *pol-eh₂-yé-ti
- Proto-Italic: *polāō
- Latin: (inter)polō
- Proto-Italic: *polāō
- *pl̥-yé-ti
- *pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti
- *pl̥-tós
- Unsorted formations:
- Ancient Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos) (perhaps)
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (perhaps related to the above root, i.e. resulting from beating)
Derived terms
edit- Unsorted formations:
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[11]
- alternative reconstruction of *pelH- (“pale, gray”)
References
edit- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “plėnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365: “*pl-ēn-”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455: “*pelni-”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “*pel-nó-”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pelenà; *pelna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*plěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “(TÚG)palaḫša-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
- ^ [9], "دوپر" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[10], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page ploje
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “falwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading
edit- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative reconstructions
editEtymology
editDerksen takes the original meaning of the root as "to burn, singe", whence secondary senses including "ashes" (the result of burning) and "gray" (the color of ash).[2]
Possibly related to Proto-Uralic *piľe (“dark”).
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[3]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *polH-nó-s
- *pelH-tó-s, *pl̥H-tós
- *pl̥H-kó-s
- *polH-wos
- *polH-men-s
- *pelH-en
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*falwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 126–127
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “pelenai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 348-9
- ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “vaal”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands[11] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (perfective)[1][2][3][4]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pléth₂-t ~ *pl̥th₂-ént (perfective)
- *pléth₂-eti ~ *pléth₂-onti (thematic imperfective)
- *ploth₂-éyeti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰáyati
- Sanskrit: प्रथयति (pratháyati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰáyati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰáyati
- *pl(e)th₂-mṓ
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətamṓn
- Ancient Greek: πλᾰτᾰμών (platamṓn)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰHmán
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰHmán
- Sanskrit: प्रथिमन् (prathimán)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰHmán
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətamṓn
- *pléth₂-os ~ *pléth₂-es- (see there for further descendants)
- *pléth₂-us, *pl̥th₂-éwih₂ (see there for further descendants)
- *plet-yo- (*h₂ deleted due to Pinault's law)[5]
- *pl̥th₂-enós
- *pl̥th₂-ó-s
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: plokščia
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “plā̆t- (plā̆d-), plē̆t-, plō̆t-, plət-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 833-834
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleth₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 486-487
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*pleth₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 564-566
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 83, 133, 539
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pletjè”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fletyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “fuldō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pént-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *finþaną (“to find”) (see there for further descendants)
- *pónt-oh₁-s (“path, road”) (see there for further descendants)
- *pn̥t-tós
- Proto-Germanic: *funsaz
- *pōntH- (probably spurious[2])
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *fanþijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-West Germanic: *fanþijō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *fandōną (see there for further descendants)
References
edit- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*yantī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 433-434
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pér-i (locative)
- *per-nóy
- Proto-Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)
- *pér-o-
- Proto-Anatolian: *péro-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára
- Proto-Italic:
- ⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram
- → Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)
- ⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram
- ⇒ *pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))
- *por-so-
- *pr̥-
- *pr-eh₂-
- *pr-és
- Proto-Hellenic:
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)
- *pr-éy (dative)
- *pr-ey-wo-
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: prīvus
- Proto-Italic:
- *pr-i-is
- *pr-i-is-ḱo-
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: prīscus
- Proto-Italic:
- *pr-i-is-m̥mos
- Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos (dialectal)
- Latin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos (dialectal)
- *pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
- *pr-i-n-
- *pr-is-to-
- Proto-Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)
- *pr-i-yōs
- *pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)
- *pr̥H-e/o-s[1]
- Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a
- *pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)
- Proto-Armenian:
- *pŕ̥-to-
- Proto-Germanic: *furþą (see there for further descendants)
- *pr̥-tero-
- *pr-u-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *pre[2]
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (perhaps related to previous root, as "front" > "go forth" or vice versa)
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- *per-eh₂-yé-ti
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *por-éye-ti (causative)
- *por-ti (o-grade root present)
- *pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)
- *pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti
- *pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti
- *pér-tu-s (“crossing”)
- *pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s
- *por-dʰmo-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *pōr-i-s
- Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)
- *pór-mo-s
- *por-os
- *por-teh₂
- *por-ti-s
- Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)
- Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)
- Proto-Albanian: *priś
- Albanian: prish
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)
- Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (perhaps related to previous root, as "go forth" > "try"/"risk")
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *per-ih₂
- *per-ih₂-ye-
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior
- Proto-Italic:
- *per-ih₂-to-
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: perītus
- Proto-Italic:
- *per-ih₂-tlom
- *per-h₃-
Root
edit*PIE roots pr (or *perH-)
- to sell
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *per-eh₂-yé-ti
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *por-neh₂
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Proto-Italic:
References
edit- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “para”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 311: “IE”
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “enepre”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 89
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “akwam-pere”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 4
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 810
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 816‒818
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr (imperfective)[1]
- to fart loudly, pass gas, break wind
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pérd-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)
- *pr̥d-éh₁ye-ti (stative)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei
- Proto-Slavic: *pьrdě̀ti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei
- *pr̥d-kéh₂[3]
- *pr̥d-u-s[4]
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*perd-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 473
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrdě̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “frikkā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furtu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
edit- *perḱ-ó-s[1]
- *pérḱ-ont-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-n̥t-és
- *pérḱ-u-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-éw-s
- *pṓrḱ-s ~ *perḱ-és
- *pr̥ḱ-nó-s[1][4]
- *pr̥ḱ-ró-s[10]
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. perk̑-, prek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 820-821: “perk̑o-, pork̑o-, perk̑-no-, pr̥k̑-no-; *pr̥k̑-nā; *perk̑-nā; *porḱ-u̯ó-; *perk-ro-s zu *pelcro-, *polcro-”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*perk̑-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 537: “OLat polcher dissimilated from *porcer < *porcros”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ferko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 128: “*perḱ-no-”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “περκνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1178: “*περκός; *pr̥ḱ-n-; *perḱ-n-; *porḱ-uó-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*prḱ-ni-; *porḱ-uó-; *perḱ-no; *pérḱ-o-; *pelḱ-ro- for *perḱ-ro-”
- ^ Beek, Lucien van (2013) “The development of the Proto-Indo-European syllabic liquids in Greek”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[12], page 279
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Sobreira/PIE roots pr”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 344
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furhnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prḱ-neh₂-”
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pṛ́śni-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][13] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag: “*pr̥ḱ-n-”
- ^ Balles, Irene (2009) “Zu den i-stämmigen Adjektiven des Lateinischen”, in Proto-language and Prehistory: Akten der XII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, vom 11. bis 15. Oktober 2004 in Krakau (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 15: “*pr̥ḱró-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pulcher”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
Root
editDerived terms
edit- *perḱ-ō~*pr̥ḱ-n-és
- *pórḱ-ono-s[4]
- *pórḱ-o-s (“piglet”)[5][6][7]
- *pr̥ḱ-eh₂[8][9][10]
- >? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és[13]
- Proto-Germanic: *furhs (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “perk̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 821
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*frikā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*perḱ-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*ferhan-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*pe/orḱ-ono-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “porcus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*pórk-o-”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*porḱo-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*farha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129: “*porḱ-o-”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*pr̥keh₂”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “porca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*prḱ-h₂-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*p(o)rḱ-eh₂-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*h₁enter-prḱ-ieh₂-”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*enter-frikā”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prk-”
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editProbably imitative.
Root
edit- to fart softly, pass gas, break wind
- Synonym: *perd-
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pésd-e-ti (thematic root present)
- *psd-éh₁ye-ti (stative)
- *pésd-is
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[14], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pesd-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 477
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “bezdėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βδέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
Further reading
edit- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “fart”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 194
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “blow”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 72
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative reconstructions
edit- *pet-[1]
Etymology
editExisting in variations, *pet-, *peth₁-, *peth₂-.[2]
Root
edit*PIE roots pr
- to spread out
- to fly (through the sense ‘spread one’s wings’)
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *péth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
- *pe-póth₂-e (stative)
- *pí-pth₂-e-ti (reduplicated thematic present)
- *pt-né-h₂-ti ~ *pt-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)[3]
- *pot(h₂)-éye-ti[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
- Proto-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
- Sanskrit: पातयति (pātáyati, “to cause to fly, throw, send; to cause to fall, fell; to spill, pour”)
- Proto-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
- *péth₂-lom (“leaf”)
- *péth₂-r̥ (“feather, wing”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *peta
- Albanian: pjetë
- Proto-Armenian:[5][6]
- Old Armenian: ընթանամ (əntʻanam)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸanssā
- Proto-Germanic: *faþmaz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- Italic:
- Latin: pateō (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: patera (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: passus (“step”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Latin: impetus, praepes, perpetuus (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒? Latin: propitius (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Latin: petulans, petulcus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Albanian: *peta
References
edit- ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 181
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 122a.note1
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442
- ^ Kulikov, Leonid (2014) “Causative Formation”, in Giannakis, Georgios K., editor, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics[15], volume 1, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275
- ^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 114–115
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peth₂”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 479
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
Only Italic descendants are known with certainty.
- *piǵ-éh₁-(ye)- (stative)
- *piǵ-rós
- *pig-ús
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- >? Lithuanian: pigùs (“cheap”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *piǵ-wós
- *poyǵ-no-
- Proto-Germanic: *faikną (see there for further descendants)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “piger, -gra, -grum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 464-465
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editAlternative forms
edit- *peyg- (“to paint”)[4][5] (for Latin pingō, Sanskrit पिङ्ग (piṅga) and Old Church Slavonic пѣгъ (pěgŭ), and possibly the Tocharian forms)
Descendants
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *péyḱ-t ~ *piḱ-ént (root aorist)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पिशान (piśāná, aor.mid.ptc.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *pi-né-ḱ-ti ~ *pi-n-ḱ-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *finhaną
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *finhlōną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: pingō (“to paint, color”, with irregular -g-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *pik- (“to paint, write, delineate”)[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *finhaną
- *péyḱ-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyćati
- Proto-Iranian: *páycati
- ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬧𐬐𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀 (aṇkupaēsəmna, “to adorn”, mid.ptc.)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫅 (pyysʾd /pēsād/, 3sg.subj.)
- Proto-Iranian: *páycati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyćati
- *péyḱ-ye-ti (ye-present)[8]
- *pe-póyḱ-e ~ *pe-piḱ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸiɸoike (see there for further descendants)
- *piḱ-ró-s[9][10]
- *piḱ-tó-s[11]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás
- Proto-Italic: *piktos
- Latin: pictus (see there for further descendants)
- *póyḱ-os[12][13]
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pićángas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- >? Sanskrit: पिङ्ग (piṅga, “yellow, tawny”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Unknown Iberian substrate, perhaps Lusitanian:
Descendants
edit- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पिश् (piś)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
See also
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 465-466
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 414
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 546-548
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 464
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 545-546
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pais”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pik-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 410
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “piešti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “431”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πικρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1190
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*paipages-291-292”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ποικίλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1216-1217
- ^ Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language[16], Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 810
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
Alternative forms
edit- *peyk- (Baltic)
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *peyḱ-ye- (ye-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: peĩkti (“to blame”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *piḱ-tós[2]
- *póyḱ-os
- *poyḱ-yós
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “faiha- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “piktas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “pykti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pi-né-s-ti ~ *pi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix present)[2]
- *pis-é-ti (zero-grade present)
- *peys-Hō ~ *pis-Hne-s
- *pis-e-no-m
- *pis-tó-s
- *pis-tlo-m[2]
- *póys-o-m[7]
- *poys-to-m[8][9]
- Unsorted formations:
Descendants
edit- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “pei̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 466-467
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinsō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 466-467
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτίσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1249-1250
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьšenò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr (perfective)[1][2][3]
- to fill
Alternative reconstructions
edit- *pelh₂-[4]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pe-plóh₁-e ~ *pe-pl̥h₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paprā́Ha (see there for further descendants)
- *pléh₁-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)[1]
- Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
- Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHdʰati
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHdati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
- *pléh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
- *pl̥h₁-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pilˀḗˀtei
- *pl̥h₁-néw-ti (new-present)
- *pl̥h₁-yé-tor (ye-deponent)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hyátay (see there for further descendants)
- *pl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *pl̥-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)
- *pléh₁-ti-s *pl̥h₁-téy-s[12]
- *pléh₁-yōs ~ *pl̥h₁-is-és
- *po-ploh₁-s
- (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *poplos (see there for further descendants)
- *pl̥h₁-go-m
- Proto-Germanic: *fulką (“folk”) (see there for further descendants)
- *polh₁-ú-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πολύς (polús)
- Proto-Hellenic:
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 309
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-83
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 262: “*h₁é-pleh₁-t”
- ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2257: “*pleh₁-to-”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fick, August (1890–1909) “péla : pḷa”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 82
- ^ Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 121: “*pi-pleh₁-”
- ^ Bendahman, Jadwiga (1993) Der reduplizierte Aorist in den indogermanischen Sprachen (Deutsche Hochschulschriften; 642), Egelsbach: Hänsel-Hohenhausen, page 147: “*pl̥h₁-to”
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-pleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 472-473: “PIt. *plē{-je/o)- [pr.], * plēno- ‘full’, *plēro- ‘most of’, *-plē-t; PIE *pleh₁- [aor.] ‘to fill’, *plh₁nó- ‘full’, *pl(e)h₁ro- ‘full’, *-pleh₁t-.”
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Armenian, page 1092: “*pleh₁-s-”
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136: “*pleh₁-ro-”
- ^ Rothstein-Dowden, Zachary (2023) “Dental-aspirate presents in Greek and Indo-European (Doctoral dissertation)”, in Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences[17], Cambridge: Harvard University
- ^ Lloyd, Albert L., Lühr, Rosemarie (2007) “fol”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (in German), volumes III: fadum – fustslag, Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 446-447
- ^ Kapović, Mate, editor (2017), The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 656: “*pleh₁tis”
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editCompare *pleth₂- (“flat”) and *pel- (“skin, hide, membrane, cloth”).
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pleh₂-is ~ *pl̥h₂-éys[2]
- Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís
- Hittite: 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /palḫis/)
- Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís
- *pl̥h₂(e)meh₂
- *pleh₂-nos, *pl̥h₂-nos
- *ploh₂-no-s, *polh₂-no-s (metathesis)
- *pleh₂-ro- (*ploh₂-ro- is equally possible)
- *pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂
- *pleh₂-trom or *pl̥h₂-trom or *ploh₂-trom
- *pl̥h₂-u-tós
- Italic:
- Latin: plautus
- Italic:
- *pl̥h₂-em
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[18], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “palḫi- / palḫai-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 620–621
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editExtended from *pel- (“to fold”).
Root
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pléḱ-e-ti (root present)
- *pleḱ-eh₂-ye-ti
- *pléḱ-te-ti[3][4]
- *pleḱ-tó-
- *pleḱ-nó-s or *ploḱ-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *praćnás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *praśnás
- Sanskrit: प्रश्न (praśná, “basket-work, a plaited basket; turban”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *pracnáh
- Younger Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬋𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬥𐬀 (ərəzatōfrašna, “having a golden helmet/coat of mail”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *praśnás
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *praćnás
- *pleḱ-s
- *ploḱ-s-om
- Proto-Germanic: *flahsą (see there for further descendants)
- *ploḱ-o
- *plok-o-nos (perhaps)
- *ploḱ-éh₂
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πλοκή (plokḗ)
- Hellenic:
- *plók-e- (perhaps)
- Proto-Germanic: *flahaną (“to flay, strip”)
- plók-eh₂ (perhaps)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: plokščias
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “plek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 834-835
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*plek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 486
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*plestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 403-404
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plectō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 471-472
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editExtensions
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *plew-eh₂-h₁en-
- *pléw-e-ti (thematic root present)
- *plow-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Celtic:
- Old Irish: luithir, fo·luathar
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati
- Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)
- Proto-Iranian: *frāwáyati
- Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌 (frafrāuuaiiāhi)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati
- Proto-Slavic: *plàviti (sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-) ⇒ *plàvati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic:
- *pléw-mō (“lung”) (see there for further descendants)
- *plow-mos
- *plow-ó-s
- *plow-tó-m
- *plow-tós
- Ancient Greek: πλοῦτος (ploûtos) (?)
- *plów-yos (“ship”)
- *plu-tó-s
- *pléw-ih₂[12]
- Innovative formations:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “835–837”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 835–837
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 487-488
- ^ The template Template:R:ine:AHD does not use the parameter(s):
1=70
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “plyuwai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1208-1209
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pluō, pluit”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 474-475
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “plu-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 462-463
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “plewe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 463
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flauja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- ^ Stifter, David (2023) “With the Back to the Ocean: The Celtic Maritime Vocabulary”, in Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen and Eske Willerslev, editors, The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited, Cambridge University Press, , →ISBN, page 189
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “luanam”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 316
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editExtended form of *plew-.
Root
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *plewd- (root present)
- *plud-sḱé- (sḱe-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: plū́sti
- Balto-Slavic:
- *plewd-o-
- *plud-om
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “835–837”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 835–837
- The template Template:R:ine:AHD does not use the parameter(s):
1=70
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editExtended form of *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”).
Root
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pléwk-e-ti (thematic present)
- *plowk-yé-ti (o-grade yé-present)
- Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”) (see there for further descendants)
- Balto-Slavic:
- *pluk-yé-ti (0-grade yé-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)
- → Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”) (expressive, extended with *-kati)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”) (with unexpected "unshifted" *p)
- Balto-Slavic:
- *plewk-éh₂-ti (éh₂-present)
- *plewk-sḱ-éy-ti (sḱ-inchoative)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)
- Balto-Slavic:
- *plewk-éh₂n ~ *pluk-éh₂n (Germ. ōn-stem)
- *plówk-os (o-stem nominal) (possibly)
- *pluk-lós (l-participle)
- *pluk-nós (n-participle)
- *plú-n-k-sneh₂
- *plew(k)-smeh₂
- Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā[11]
- Latin: plūma (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā[11]
- *plúk-tis (i-stem t-participle)
- Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-
- Proto-Germanic: *fluganą
- Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz (see there for further descendants)
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “835–837”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 835–837
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*pleu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 488
- ^ The template Template:R:ine:AHD does not use the parameter(s):
1=70
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fleugan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaũkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fleugōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fleugōn”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaukas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fugla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flukka(n)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plūma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146: “*plou(k)-smo-”
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editLikely onomatopoeic.
Root
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pnéw-e-ti (thematic root present)[2]
- *pnéw-se-ti ((h₁)se-desiderative)[4]
- *pnḗw-s-t ~ *pnéw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pnḗwhe
- Ancient Greek: ἔπνευσε (épneuse)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pnḗwhe
- *pnéw-mn̥
- Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
- >? Proto-Albanian: *pnewa
- Albanian: *pnyj
- Albanian: fryj (< earlier *fnyj)
- Albanian: *pnyj
- >? Proto-Albanian: *pnewa
- Albanian:
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pneu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 838-39
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*pneu̯-¹ ‘hauchen, keuchen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 489
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*pneu- ‘± snort, sneeze’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 82
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fneusan- ~ *fnūsan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 149: “*pnéus-e-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fnuz(z)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *per- (“before”).
Root
edit*PIE roots pr
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *préh₂-i (“before”, locative) or *pr̥h₂-ey[1]
- *pr̥h₂-ey[2]
- *pr̥h₂-i (zero-grade locative)
- *pr̥h₂-ó
- *pr̥h₂-ós
- *pr̥h₂-oy
- Proto-Germanic: *furai (see there for further descendants)
- *pr̥h₂-wó-s
- *pr̥h₂-yós- ~ *pr̥h₂-is- (comparative)
References
edit- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 75.4
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 75.4
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit- to ask
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pr̥(ḱ)-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)[1]
- *prḗḱ-s-t ~ *préḱ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: अप्राट् (áprāṭ) (later अप्राक्षीत् (áprākṣīt))
- Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬍 (frašī, 1sg.inj.mid.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *proḱ-éye-ti (causative)[4][5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *práśīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- *préḱ-s[6][7]
- *proḱ-o-
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[19], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[20], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 490-491
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*prosìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “prašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 360-370
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “prex, -cis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “Sobreira/PIE roots pr”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 709, column 2.
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *prews- (root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *freusaną (see there for further descendants)
- *presw-os (by metathesis)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸreswos (see there for further descendants)
- *prus-tós
- Proto-Germanic: *frustaz (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[21], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *pri-né-H-ti ~ *pri-n-H-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *prináHti (see there for further descendants)
- *priH-ye-tor[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *priHyatay
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *priHyatay
- Sanskrit: प्रीयते (prī́yate, “to be pleased”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *priHyatay
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *priHyatay
- *prḗyH-s-t ~ *préyH-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[1]
- *priH-mḗn
- *priH-nó-s
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*preiH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 87
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 343: “*prihₓ-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fri(j)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr[1]
- to fear
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *(s)pr̥k-éh₂
- *pr̥k-sḱé-ti (sḱé-present)
- *pr̥k-tós
- Proto-Germanic: *furhtaz (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *furhtijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *furhtaz (see there for further descendants)
- *pr̥k-téh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *furhtō (see there for further descendants)
References
editR
editProto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *réh₁d-e-ti
- *roh₁d-
- Italic:
- Latin: rōdō (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- *roh₁d-trom
- Italic:
- Latin: rōstrum (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “854”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 854
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*PIE roots pr
Derived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- Unsorted formations:
References
edit- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “866”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 866
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot 1
edit*PIE roots pr
Alternative reconstructions
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *Hréyǵ-ti ~ *Hriǵ-énti (root athematic present)[2]
- *Hréyǵ-(h₁)se-ti ((h₁)se-desiderative)[3]
- Proto-Celtic:
- Old Irish: rías- (“stretch out, rule”)
- Proto-Celtic:
- *Hri-ne-ǵ-ti ~ *Hri-n-ǵ-énti (nasal-infix present)[2]
- *Hroyǵ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *raikijaną (see there for further descendants)
Root 2
edit*PIE roots pr
- to bind
Alternative reconstructions
editDerived terms
editLua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Sobreira/PIE roots pr' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page
- *Hriǵ-é-ti ("tudati"-type root thematic present)[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *rigeti (see there for further descendants)
- *Hriǵ-yé-ti (ye-deponent)
- Proto-Germanic: *rikkijaną
- *Hriǵ-eh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)[6]
Further reading
edit- McCone, Kim (1991) “OIr. -ic ‘reaches’, ithid ‘eats’, rigid ‘stretches, directs, rules’ and the PIE ‘Narten’ present in Celtic”, in Ériu, number 42, Royal Irish Academy
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “(reig̑-), rēig̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 862
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*rei̯g̑-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 503
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*rei̯g̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²[22], page 65
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*rēig̑-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 187
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “reig- oder reig̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 861-862
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*rei̯⁽g̑⁾-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 503