The following list of 788 reconstructed Proto-Tai forms is from Pittayaporn (2009).
| No. |
Gloss |
Proto-Tai
|
| 1 |
head (1) |
*krawᶜ
|
| 2 |
head (2) |
*truəᴬ
|
| 3 |
hair, head |
*prɤmᴬ
|
| 4 |
knot, hair |
*klawᶜ
|
| 5 |
hair, body; feather |
*q.pɯlᴬ
|
| 6 |
gray-haired |
*ʰŋwuːkᴰ
|
| 7 |
forehead |
*praːkᴰ
|
| 8 |
nose |
*ɗaŋᴬ
|
| 9 |
mucus of the nose |
*muːkᴰ
|
| 10 |
face |
*ʰnaːᶜ
|
| 11 |
eye |
*p.taːᴬ
|
| 12 |
mouth |
*paːkᴰ
|
| 13 |
tongue |
*liːnᶜ
|
| 14 |
tooth |
*wanᴬ
|
| 15 |
gum; gill |
*ʰŋɯəkᴰ
|
| 16 |
saliva |
*laːjᴬ
|
| 17 |
cheek |
*keːmᶜ
|
| 18 |
ear |
*krwɯːᴬ
|
| 19 |
fang |
*χeːwᶜ
|
| 20 |
chin, jaw |
*ɢaːŋᴬ
|
| 21 |
beard |
*momᴮ
|
| 22 |
neck |
*ɣoːᴬ
|
| 23 |
goiter |
*ʰniəŋᴬ
|
| 24 |
shoulder |
*C̥.baːᴮ
|
| 25 |
arm |
*qeːnᴬ
|
| 26 |
elbow |
*C̬.swoːkᴰ
|
| 27 |
hand |
*mwɯːᴬ
|
| 28 |
finger, toe |
*niːwᶜ
|
| 29 |
fingernail, toenail |
*C̬.lepᴰ
|
| 30 |
joint |
*χoːᶜ
|
| 31 |
leg |
*p.qaːᴬ
|
| 32 |
knee |
*χowᴮ
|
| 33 |
shin, lower leg |
*ɣeːŋᴮ
|
| 34 |
foot |
*tiːnᴬ
|
| 35 |
heel |
*sɤnᶜ
|
| 36 |
chest |
*ʔɤkᴰ
|
| 37 |
back |
*ʰlaŋᴬ
|
| 38 |
waist (1) |
*ˀjeːwᴬ
|
| 39 |
waist (2) |
*C̥.wɯǝtᴰ
|
| 40 |
stomach, belly |
*dwuːŋᶜ
|
| 41 |
navel (1) |
*ɗwɯːᴬ
|
| 42 |
navel (2) |
*ɓliːᶜ
|
| 43 |
buttock |
*konᶜ
|
| 44 |
hair, pubic |
*ʰmwuːjᴬ
|
| 45 |
vagina |
*hiːᴬ
|
| 46 |
penis |
*ɣwajᴬ
|
| 47 |
testicles |
*tram
|
| 48 |
pubic mound |
*ʰnawᴮ
|
| 49 |
urine |
*niəwᴮ
|
| 50 |
excrement |
*C̬.qɯjᶜ
|
| 51 |
fart |
*k.tɤtᴰ
|
| 52 |
bone |
*C̥.dukᴰ
|
| 53 |
marrow, bone |
*ʔwuːkᴰ
|
| 54 |
tendon |
*ˀjenᴬ
|
| 55 |
side, ribs |
*k.raːŋᶜ
|
| 56 |
blood |
*lɯətᴰ
|
| 57 |
meat, flesh |
*n.mɤːᶜ
|
| 58 |
skin |
*ʰnaŋᴬ
|
| 59 |
sweat |
*r.tɯəᴮ
|
| 60 |
pus |
*ʰnoːŋᴬ
|
| 61 |
impetigo |
*kritᴰ
|
| 62 |
wound |
*ɓaːtᴰ
|
| 63 |
scurf |
*ɣɯjᴬ
|
| 64 |
brain |
*ʔeːkᴰ
|
| 65 |
heart, breath |
*cɤɰᴬ
|
| 66 |
lung |
*pwɤtᴰ
|
| 67 |
intestine |
*sajᶜ
|
| 68 |
liver |
*tapᴰ
|
| 69 |
spleen |
*maːmᶜ
|
| 70 |
gall bladder, bile |
*ɓliːᴬ
|
| 71 |
illness, fever |
*k.raj
|
| 72 |
cold (n.) |
*q.watᴰ
|
| 73 |
epidemic |
*raːᴮ
|
| 74 |
kidney-stones |
*ʰniːwᶜ
|
| 75 |
dog |
*ʰmaːᴬ
|
| 76 |
pig |
*ʰmuːᴬ
|
| 77 |
mouse, rat |
*ʰnuːᴬ
|
| 78 |
water buffalo |
*ɣwaːjᴬ
|
| 79 |
horse |
*maːᶜ
|
| 80 |
bear |
*ʰmwɯjᴬ
|
| 81 |
jackal |
*nwajᴬ
|
| 82 |
elephant |
*ɟaːŋᶜ
|
| 83 |
deer |
*kwɯəŋᴬ
|
| 84 |
antelope |
*waːlᴬ
|
| 85 |
monkey |
*liːŋᴬ
|
| 86 |
ape |
*kaŋᴬ
|
| 87 |
flying squirrel |
*baːŋᴮ
|
| 88 |
squirrel |
*roːkᴰ
|
| 89 |
porcupine |
*ʰmenᶜ
|
| 90 |
civet cat |
*ʰɲelᴬ
|
| 91 |
otter |
*naːkᴰ
|
| 92 |
pangolin |
*lilᴮ
|
| 93 |
chicken |
*kajᴮ
|
| 94 |
hen, young |
*C̬.qɤːŋᴮ
|
| 95 |
duck |
*pitᴰ
|
| 96 |
goose |
*haːnᴮ
|
| 97 |
bird |
*C̬.nokᴰ
|
| 98 |
crow |
*kaːᴬ
|
| 99 |
swallow (n.) |
*ʔeːnᴮ
|
| 100 |
owl |
*gawᶜ
|
| 101 |
hawk |
*lamᴮ
|
| 102 |
fish |
*plaːᴬ
|
| 103 |
catfish |
*C̥.dokᴰ
|
| 104 |
shellfish |
*hoːjᴬ
|
| 105 |
crab |
*pɯwᴬ
|
| 106 |
shrimp |
*kuŋᴮ/C
|
| 107 |
shrimp, small |
*ŋiəwᴬ
|
| 108 |
frog |
*kɤpᴰ
|
| 109 |
frog, small |
*krweːᶜ
|
| 110 |
frog, tree |
*paːtᴰ
|
| 111 |
turtle |
*tawᴮ
|
| 112 |
tortoise, water |
*ʰwɯəᴬ
|
| 113 |
snake |
*ŋwɯːᴬ
|
| 114 |
crocodile |
*ŋɯəkᴰ
|
| 115 |
leech, land |
*daːkᴰ
|
| 116 |
leech, aquatic |
*pliːŋᴬ
|
| 117 |
bedbug |
*C̬.rɯətᴰ
|
| 118 |
grasshopper |
*p.takᴰ
|
| 119 |
mosquito |
*ɲuŋᴬ
|
| 120 |
wasp |
*b.twiːlᴬ
|
| 121 |
bee |
*toːᴮ
|
| 122 |
insect |
*m.leːŋᴬ
|
| 123 |
ant |
*mɤcᴰ
|
| 124 |
termite |
*moːtᴰ
|
| 125 |
worm |
*ʰnoːlᴬ
|
| 126 |
earthworm |
*t.nɯəlᴬ
|
| 127 |
gadfly |
*ʰlɯəkᴰ
|
| 128 |
louse, head |
*trawᴬ
|
| 129 |
tick |
*trepᴰ
|
| 130 |
flea |
*ʰmatᴰ
|
| 131 |
louse, body |
*m.lelᴬ
|
| 132 |
louse, chicken |
*rwɤjᴬ
|
| 133 |
spider |
*krwaːwᴬ
|
| 134 |
coconut grub |
*ɗuəŋᶜ
|
| 135 |
stink bug |
*geːŋ1
|
| 136 |
caterpillar |
*C̥.boŋᶜ
|
| 137 |
silkworm |
*moːnᶜ
|
| 138 |
butterfly |
*ɓɤːj
|
| 139 |
centipede |
*q.sipᴰ
|
| 140 |
cockroach |
*saːpᴰ
|
| 141 |
horn |
*qawᴬ
|
| 142 |
tusk, ivory |
*ŋaːᴬ
|
| 143 |
wing (1) |
*wɯətᴰ
|
| 144 |
wing (2) |
*piːkᴰ
|
| 145 |
tail |
*trwɤːŋᴬ
|
| 146 |
scales, fish |
*klecᶜ
|
| 147 |
fishbone |
*kaːŋᶜ
|
| 148 |
egg |
*qraj
|
| 149 |
gizzard |
*p.taɰᴬ
|
| 150 |
cockscomb |
*hoːnᴬ
|
| 151 |
cockspur |
*t.nɤːjᴬ
|
| 152 |
hump of an ox |
*ʰnoːkᴰ
|
| 153 |
stinger (of a bee) |
*lajᴬ
|
| 154 |
tree, wood |
*mwajᶜ
|
| 155 |
leaf |
*ɓaɰᴬ
|
| 156 |
leaf for wrapping (big) |
*k.toːŋᴬ
|
| 157 |
flower |
*ɓloːkᴰ
|
| 158 |
banana blossom |
*pliːᴬ
|
| 159 |
stem |
*kaːnᶜ
|
| 160 |
peel, bark |
*plɯəkᴰ
|
| 161 |
husk |
*kaːpᴰ
|
| 162 |
thorn |
*ʰnaːmᴬ
|
| 163 |
fruit |
*ʰmaːkᴰ
|
| 164 |
sheath, pod |
*q.wakᴰ
|
| 165 |
grain |
*m.lecᴰ
|
| 166 |
stump |
*toːᴬ
|
| 167 |
root |
*C̬.raːkᴰ
|
| 168 |
clump (as of bamboo) |
*koːᴬ
|
| 169 |
sprout, shoot |
*ʰnoːᴮ
|
| 170 |
bamboo shoot |
*r.naːŋᴬ
|
| 171 |
ear (of rice) |
*rwɯːŋᴬ
|
| 172 |
rice |
*C̬.qawᶜ
|
| 173 |
seedling, rice |
*klaːᶜ
|
| 174 |
rice, husked |
*saːlᴬ
|
| 175 |
millet |
*ʰwɯǝŋᶜ
|
| 176 |
resin |
*ˀjaːŋᴬ
|
| 177 |
banana |
*kluəjᶜ
|
| 178 |
sugarcane |
*ʔoːjᶜ
|
| 179 |
bamboo |
*prajᴮ
|
| 180 |
cucumber, melon |
*p.rweːŋᴬ
|
| 181 |
ashgourd |
*wakᴰ
|
| 182 |
wild olive |
*koːkᴰ
|
| 183 |
starfruit |
*ɢwɯəŋᴬ
|
| 184 |
plum |
*manᶜ
|
| 185 |
pomelo |
*buːkᴰ
|
| 186 |
acacia |
*geːᴬ
|
| 187 |
banyan |
*rajᴬ
|
| 188 |
vegetable |
*prakᴰ
|
| 189 |
morning glory |
*ɓuŋᶜ
|
| 190 |
mustard green |
*kaːtᴰ
|
| 191 |
yam |
*manᴬ
|
| 192 |
taro |
*prɯəkᴰ
|
| 193 |
ginger |
*χiːŋᴬ
|
| 194 |
galangal |
*xaːᴮ
|
| 195 |
sesame |
*r.ŋaːᴬ
|
| 196 |
tea |
*ɟaːᴬ
|
| 197 |
raisin |
*ʔitᴰ
|
| 198 |
rattan |
*C̥.waːjᴬ
|
| 199 |
reed |
*ʔoːᶜ
|
| 200 |
grass |
*ʰɲɯəᶜ
|
| 201 |
grass, thatch |
*ɣaːᴬ
|
| 202 |
mushroom |
*ʰrwetᴰ
|
| 203 |
fern |
*kuːtᴰ
|
| 204 |
duckweed |
*ʰneːᴬ
|
| 205 |
moss, aquatic |
*dawᴬ
|
| 206 |
water |
*C̬.namᶜ
|
| 207 |
fire |
*wɤjᴬ
|
| 208 |
flame |
*pleːwᴬ
|
| 209 |
smoke |
*ɣwanᴬ
|
| 210 |
soot |
*ʰmiːᶜ
|
| 211 |
firewood, hard |
*wɯːlᴬ
|
| 212 |
firewood, bamboo |
*ʰlɯəwᴬ
|
| 213 |
ashes, leaf |
*brawᴮ
|
| 214 |
ashes (wood) |
*dawᴮ
|
| 215 |
iron (1) |
*ʰlekᴰ
|
| 216 |
iron (2) |
*mwaːᴬ
|
| 217 |
salt |
*klwɯəᴬ
|
| 218 |
lye |
*ɗaŋᴮ
|
| 219 |
grease, fat |
*manᴬ
|
| 220 |
soil |
*tɯmᴬ
|
| 221 |
earth |
*ɗin
|
| 222 |
sand |
*zwɯəjᴬ
|
| 223 |
stone |
*triːlᴬ
|
| 224 |
dry land |
*ɓokᴰ
|
| 225 |
wild |
*C̬.tɯənᴮ
|
| 226 |
forest |
*ɗoŋᴬ
|
| 227 |
grove, wood |
*paːᴮ
|
| 228 |
place, ground |
*diːᴮ
|
| 229 |
mountain |
*C̥.doːjᴬ
|
| 230 |
mountain, stone |
*praːᴬ
|
| 231 |
cave |
*cramᶜ
|
| 232 |
hole |
*ruːᴬ
|
| 233 |
hole, crack |
*ɟoːŋᴮ
|
| 234 |
pit |
*C̬.kumᴬ
|
| 235 |
well, spring |
*ɓoːᴮ
|
| 236 |
stream, mountain |
*qrwɤjᶜ
|
| 237 |
creek |
*roːŋᴮ
|
| 238 |
river |
*daːᴮ
|
| 239 |
bank, river |
*ʰwaŋᴮ
|
| 240 |
beach, sandbar |
*haːtᴰ
|
| 241 |
mud |
*lɤmᴮ
|
| 242 |
moon, month |
*ɓlɯənᴬ
|
| 243 |
star (general) |
*t.naːwᴬ
|
| 244 |
star (in the sky) |
*ɗiːᴮ
|
| 245 |
moonlight |
*ʰŋaːjᴬ
|
| 246 |
sunshine |
*C̥.dwiːtᴰ
|
| 247 |
cloud |
*ʰwɯəᶜ
|
| 248 |
fog |
*ʰmoːkᴰ
|
| 249 |
wind |
*C̬.lɯmᴬ
|
| 250 |
sky, heaven |
*ɓɯnᴬ
|
| 251 |
sky, weather |
*vaːᶜ
|
| 252 |
rain |
*C̥.wɯnᴬ
|
| 253 |
gust (of rain) |
*kraːᴮ
|
| 254 |
lightning |
*m.leːpᴰ
|
| 255 |
thunder |
*praːᶜ
|
| 256 |
hoarfrost |
*ʰmɯǝjᴬ
|
| 257 |
dew, mist |
*C̬.nwaːjᴬ
|
| 258 |
hail |
*trepᴰ
|
| 259 |
steam, vapor |
*s.ʔwɤːjᴬ
|
| 260 |
shade |
*rɤmᴮ
|
| 261 |
shadow, reflection |
*ŋawᴬ
|
| 262 |
dry season |
*C̬.leːŋᶜ
|
| 263 |
father, man |
*boːᴮ
|
| 264 |
mother; woman |
*meːᴮ
|
| 265 |
sibling, older |
*biːᴮ
|
| 266 |
sibling, younger |
*nwoːŋᶜ
|
| 267 |
grandfather, paternal |
*pɯwᴮ
|
| 268 |
grandfather, maternal |
*taːᴬ
|
| 269 |
grandmother, maternal |
*naːjᴬ
|
| 270 |
child (offspring) |
*lɯːkᴰ
|
| 271 |
great-grandparent |
*ɟɯəᶜ
|
| 272 |
nephew, niece, or grandchild |
*ʰlaːnᴬ
|
| 273 |
great-grandchild |
*ʰlenᶜ
|
| 274 |
parent's older brother |
*luŋᴬ
|
| 275 |
parent's older sister |
*paːᶜ
|
| 276 |
father's younger sister |
*ʔaːᴬ
|
| 277 |
mother's younger sibling |
*naːᶜ
|
| 278 |
father's younger brother |
*ʔaːwᴬ
|
| 279 |
wife of man's younger brother |
*lɯǝwᴬ
|
| 280 |
wife |
*miəᴬ
|
| 281 |
son-in-law |
*C̬.kɯəjᴬ
|
| 282 |
daughter-in-law |
*baɰᶜ
|
| 283 |
person, human being |
*ɢwɯnᴬ
|
| 284 |
child (young person) |
*ɗekᴰ
|
| 285 |
man, male |
*ʑaːjᴬ
|
| 286 |
unmarried man |
*ɓaːwᴮ
|
| 287 |
unmarried woman |
*saːwᴬ
|
| 288 |
girl |
*ɓɯːkᴰ
|
| 289 |
lady |
*naːŋᴬ
|
| 290 |
related by marriage |
*t.noːŋᴬ
|
| 291 |
widowed |
*ʰmaːjᶜ
|
| 292 |
orphan |
*gm̩.raːᶜ
|
| 293 |
name |
*ɟɤːᴮ
|
| 294 |
master, owner |
*ɕɤwᶜ
|
| 295 |
slave (1) |
*χɔːjᴮ
|
| 296 |
slave (2) |
*kraːᶜ
|
| 297 |
Vietnamese |
*keːwᴬ
|
| 298 |
shaman |
*ʰmoːᴬ
|
| 299 |
spirit (1) |
*priːᴬ
|
| 300 |
spirit (2) |
*mwaːŋᴬ
|
| 301 |
soul; whorl in the hair |
*qwanᴬ
|
| 302 |
village |
*ɓaːnᶜ
|
| 303 |
township |
*mɯəŋᴬ
|
| 304 |
debt |
*ʰniːᶜ
|
| 305 |
liquor |
*ʰlawᶜ
|
| 306 |
medicine |
*ˀjɯəᴬ
|
| 307 |
vinegar |
*ʰmiːᴮ
|
| 308 |
flour |
*ɓɯəᴬ
|
| 309 |
house |
*rɤːnᴬ
|
| 310 |
granary |
*ˀjɯǝwᶜ
|
| 311 |
stake |
*ʰlakᴰ
|
| 312 |
eaves |
*ʑaːjᴬ
|
| 313 |
door |
*tuːᴬ
|
| 314 |
stairs, ladder |
*ɗrwajᴬ
|
| 315 |
pillar |
*sawᴬ
|
| 316 |
partition, lid |
*hwaːᴬ
|
| 317 |
split bamboo flooring |
*waːkᴰ
|
| 318 |
window |
*taːŋᴮ
|
| 319 |
stool |
*taŋᴮ
|
| 320 |
tripod |
*giǝŋᴬ
|
| 321 |
board |
*peːnᶜ
|
| 322 |
thing |
*χɔːŋᴬ
|
| 323 |
knife |
*mitᴰ
|
| 324 |
machete, big knife |
*ɟm̩.raːᶜ
|
| 325 |
chopping board |
*χiəŋᴬ
|
| 326 |
spear |
*kroːkᴰ
|
| 327 |
crossbow |
*ʰnwɯəᶜ
|
| 328 |
axe |
*xwaːnᴬ
|
| 329 |
chisel |
*siəwᴮ
|
| 330 |
hook |
*xɔːᴬ
|
| 331 |
pliers, thongs |
*giːmᴬ
|
| 332 |
handle (of a knife) |
*ɗaːmᶜ
|
| 333 |
handle, rod |
*galᴬ
|
| 334 |
carrying pole (1) |
*traːpᴰ
|
| 335 |
carrying pole (2) |
*ɢaːnᴬ
|
| 336 |
rope, cord |
*ɟɤːk
|
| 337 |
top for spinning |
*k.raːŋᴮ
|
| 338 |
basin |
*ʔaːŋᴮ
|
| 339 |
jug |
*krajᴬ
|
| 340 |
pot |
*ʰmoːᶜ
|
| 341 |
tube, bamboo |
*baŋᴮ/C
|
| 342 |
bag |
*croŋᴬ
|
| 343 |
cane for walking |
*dawᶜ
|
| 344 |
comb |
*ʰrwɯːjᴬ
|
| 345 |
writing, book |
*sɯːᴬ
|
| 346 |
broom |
*ɲuːᴬ
|
| 347 |
thread (1) |
*C̥.daːjᶜ
|
| 348 |
thread (2) |
*ʰmajᴬ
|
| 349 |
hemp |
*paːnᴮ
|
| 350 |
loom |
*trukᴰ
|
| 351 |
shuttle of loom |
*p.rawᴮ
|
| 352 |
spool |
*ʰlwuːtᴰ
|
| 353 |
indigo (1) |
*g.raːmᴬ
|
| 354 |
indigo (2) |
*kromᶜ
|
| 355 |
bamboo strip for tying or weaving |
*b.twuːkᴰ
|
| 356 |
needle |
*qemᴬ
|
| 357 |
strand (of rope) |
*kliəwᴬ
|
| 358 |
lacquer |
*rakᴰ
|
| 359 |
bamboo hat |
*klɤpᴰ
|
| 360 |
puppet, marionette |
*hunᴮ
|
| 361 |
marking, patterns |
*C̬.laːjᴬ
|
| 362 |
field, paddy |
*naːᴬ
|
| 363 |
field, dry |
*rɤjᴮ
|
| 364 |
field, open |
*doŋᴮ
|
| 365 |
garden |
*swɯːnᴬ
|
| 366 |
ditch |
*ʰmɯəŋᴬ
|
| 367 |
dike between rice fields |
*ɣalᴬ
|
| 368 |
dam |
*hwaːjᴬ
|
| 369 |
water pipe |
*linᴬ
|
| 370 |
plough |
*crwajᴬ
|
| 371 |
yoke |
*ʔeːkᴰ
|
| 372 |
yoke, part of |
*ʔoːŋᶜ
|
| 373 |
mortar (1) |
*grokᴰ
|
| 374 |
mortar (2) |
*ʰrumᴬ
|
| 375 |
pestle |
*saːkᴰ
|
| 376 |
winnowing basket |
*ɗoŋᶜ
|
| 377 |
bran |
*ramᴬ
|
| 378 |
straw, stubble |
*wɯǝŋᴬ
|
| 379 |
fish hook |
*ɓetᴰ
|
| 380 |
fish net |
*kreːᴬ
|
| 381 |
fish trap |
*zajᴬ
|
| 382 |
snare |
*reːwᶜ
|
| 383 |
gutter, trough |
*rwɯəŋᴬ
|
| 384 |
cooked in bamboo tube |
*ʰlaːmᴬ
|
| 385 |
boat |
*C̬.rwɯəᴬ
|
| 386 |
raft |
*beːᴬ
|
| 387 |
road |
*ʰrwɤnᴬ
|
| 388 |
track |
*rwuːjᴬ
|
| 389 |
saddle |
*ʔaːnᴬ
|
| 390 |
drum |
*kloːŋᴬ
|
| 391 |
red |
*C̥.dwiːŋᴬ
|
| 392 |
black |
*C̥.damᴬ
|
| 393 |
white |
*xaːwᴬ
|
| 394 |
green |
*xiəwᴬ
|
| 395 |
yellow |
*ʰlɯəŋᴬ
|
| 396 |
dark (red) |
*klamᴮ
|
| 397 |
gray |
*ʰmoːŋᴬ
|
| 398 |
white-spotted |
*ɓlaːŋᴮ
|
| 399 |
clear, clean |
*saɰᴬ
|
| 400 |
dark |
*mɯːtᴰ
|
| 401 |
bright, light (n.) |
*roŋᴮ
|
| 402 |
thin (not fat) |
*proːmᴬ
|
| 403 |
fat |
*bwiːᴬ
|
| 404 |
long |
*rɯjᴬ
|
| 405 |
short (not long) |
*tinᴮ
|
| 406 |
big (1) |
*ʰluəŋᴬ
|
| 407 |
big (2) |
*ɓɯːkᴰ
|
| 408 |
small |
*noːjᶜ
|
| 409 |
low, short (not tall) |
*tamᴮ
|
| 410 |
heavy |
*ʰnakᴰ
|
| 411 |
light (in weight) |
*C̥.bawᴬ
|
| 412 |
thick |
*ʰnaːᴬ
|
| 413 |
thin (not thick) |
*C̥.baːŋᴬ
|
| 414 |
new |
*ʰmɤːlᴮ
|
| 415 |
old (of living beings) |
*keːᴮ
|
| 416 |
old (of things) |
*kawᴮ
|
| 417 |
senior |
*crawᶜ
|
| 418 |
young, soft |
*ʔwuːnᴮ
|
| 419 |
raw, not ripe |
*C̥.dipᴰ
|
| 420 |
hard |
*k.reːŋᴬ
|
| 421 |
coarse, tough |
*ʰɲaːpᴰ
|
| 422 |
deep |
*lɤkᴰ
|
| 423 |
loose |
*ʰloːmᴬ
|
| 424 |
tight, narrow |
*gapᴰ
|
| 425 |
steep |
*ʰliŋᴮ
|
| 426 |
stuck |
*gaːᴬ
|
| 427 |
straight |
*zɤːᴮ
|
| 428 |
crooked |
*gotᴰ2
|
| 429 |
hot |
*rwuːlᶜ
|
| 430 |
warm |
*ʔunᴮ
|
| 431 |
blind |
*ɓoːtᴰ
|
| 432 |
night blind |
*ʰwaːŋᴬ
|
| 433 |
deaf |
*ʰnuəkᴰ
|
| 434 |
bitter |
*C̬.qɤmᴬ
|
| 435 |
astringent in taste |
*ʰwɯətᴰ
|
| 436 |
sour |
*sɤmᶜ
|
| 437 |
sweet, delicious |
*C̥.waːlᴬ
|
| 438 |
insipid |
*cɯːtᴰ
|
| 439 |
core |
*keːlᴮ
|
| 440 |
fragrant |
*hoːmᴬ
|
| 441 |
stinky |
*ʰmenᴬ
|
| 442 |
putrid |
*xwiːwᴬ
|
| 443 |
fishy |
*ɣaːwᴬ
|
| 444 |
empty |
*plɤwᴮ
|
| 445 |
full |
*k.temᴬ
|
| 446 |
deficient |
*broːŋᴮ
|
| 447 |
good |
*ɗɤjᴬ
|
| 448 |
bad |
*rwɤːjᶜ
|
| 449 |
long (of time) |
*hɤŋᴬ
|
| 450 |
slow |
*naːnᴬ
|
| 451 |
late |
*ʰlaːᶜ
|
| 452 |
near |
*k.raɰᶜ
|
| 453 |
far |
*k.lajᴬ
|
| 454 |
face down |
*qwamᶜ
|
| 455 |
face up |
*ʰŋaːjᴬ
|
| 456 |
sharp-pointed |
*ʰleːmᴬ
|
| 457 |
sharp, sharp edge |
*ɣɤmᴬ
|
| 458 |
slippery, smooth |
*m.lɯːlᴮ
|
| 459 |
sticky |
*ʰniəwᴬ
|
| 460 |
liquid, soft |
*ʰleːwᴬ
|
| 461 |
rotten |
*nawᴮ
|
| 462 |
withered |
*ʰriəwᴮ
|
| 463 |
dried up |
*ʰreːŋᶜ
|
| 464 |
dry |
*χaɰᴮ
|
| 465 |
wet |
*domᴬ
|
| 466 |
mute |
*ŋwamᶜ
|
| 467 |
dumb |
*ɓɤɰᶜ
|
| 468 |
easy |
*ŋaːjᴮ
|
| 469 |
drunk (1) |
*mawᴬ
|
| 470 |
drunk (2) |
*mwiːᴬ
|
| 471 |
sterile |
*ʰmanᴬ
|
| 472 |
entangled |
*ɲuŋᴮ/C
|
| 473 |
blistered |
*boːŋᴬ
|
| 474 |
expensive |
*beːŋᴬ
|
| 475 |
familiar |
*gunᶜ
|
| 476 |
asleep |
*ɗakᴰ
|
| 477 |
hungry |
*ˀjɯǝkᴰ
|
| 478 |
satiated |
*ʔiːmᴮ
|
| 479 |
swollen |
*gaɰᴮ
|
| 480 |
stiff and tired |
*mɯəjᴮ
|
| 481 |
tired, exhausted |
*ʰnɯəjᴮ
|
| 482 |
lazy |
*kliːkᴰ
|
| 483 |
tired, bored |
*ʰnaːjᴮ
|
| 484 |
idle, free |
*ɗwɤːjᴬ
|
| 485 |
disgusted |
*ɓɯəᴮ
|
| 486 |
crazy |
*ɓaːᶜ
|
| 487 |
hurt (1) |
*cepᴰ
|
| 488 |
hurt (2) |
*keːtᴰ
|
| 489 |
torn |
*qaːtᴰ
|
| 490 |
plugged |
*sakᴬ
|
| 491 |
bruised (1) |
*ɟamᶜ
|
| 492 |
bruised (2) |
*wokᴰ
|
| 493 |
lost |
*ʰloŋᴬ
|
| 494 |
alive |
*ɲaŋᴬ
|
| 495 |
strong, strength |
*reːŋᴬ
|
| 496 |
weave, to (cloth) |
*tamᴮ
|
| 497 |
dye, to |
*ɲwuːmᶜ
|
| 498 |
sew, to |
*ɲepᴰ
|
| 499 |
embroider, to |
*seːwᴮ
|
| 500 |
weave, to (baskets, mats) |
*saːn
|
| 501 |
sow, to; scatter, to |
*C̥.waːlᴮ
|
| 502 |
transplant, to |
*t.namᴬ
|
| 503 |
plant, to |
*plwɯːkᴰ
|
| 504 |
sift, to |
*qrɤŋᴬ
|
| 505 |
imprison, to |
*k.raŋᴬ
|
| 506 |
hunt, to |
*p.rawᴮ
|
| 507 |
mark, to; aim, to |
*ʰmaːjᴬ
|
| 508 |
shoot, to |
*ɲɯŋᴬ
|
| 509 |
poison (fish), to |
*C̥.bɯəᴬ
|
| 510 |
tend animal, to |
*ɟɯǝŋᶜ
|
| 511 |
raise, to |
*liəŋᶜ
|
| 512 |
make noise, to |
*ɗaŋᴬ
|
| 513 |
differ, to |
*taːŋᴮ
|
| 514 |
count, to |
*napᴰ
|
| 515 |
heap up, to |
*koːŋᴬ
|
| 516 |
weigh, to |
*ɟaŋᴮ
|
| 517 |
announce, to |
*paːwᴮ
|
| 518 |
answer, to |
*χaːnᴬ
|
| 519 |
ask, to |
*c.raːmᴬ
|
| 520 |
beg, to |
*k.roːᴬ
|
| 521 |
order, to; blow the nose, to |
*saŋᴮ
|
| 522 |
scold, to; revile, to |
*ɗaːᴮ
|
| 523 |
warn, to |
*tɯǝnᴬ
|
| 524 |
weep, to |
*t.hajᶜ
|
| 525 |
moan, to |
*graːŋᴬ
|
| 526 |
bark, to |
*ʰrawᴮ
|
| 527 |
crow, to |
*χalᴬ
|
| 528 |
laugh, to |
*krɯəwᴬ
|
| 529 |
recite, to |
*ʔaːnᴮ
|
| 530 |
open (the mouth), to |
*ʔaːᶜ
|
| 531 |
eat, to |
*kɯɲᴬ
|
| 532 |
chew, to |
*giəwᶜ
|
| 533 |
lick, to |
*C̬.lwiəᴬ
|
| 534 |
put out of the mouth, to |
*ɣaːjᴬ
|
| 535 |
vomit, to |
*rwɯəkᴰ
|
| 536 |
take a bite, to |
*katᴰ
|
| 537 |
hold in the mouth, to |
*ʔɤmᴬ
|
| 538 |
bite, to |
*C̬.qɤpᴰ
|
| 539 |
nibble, to; peck, to |
*tɔːtᴰ
|
| 540 |
kiss, to |
*cuːpᴰ
|
| 541 |
yawn, to |
*ʰraːwᴬ
|
| 542 |
blow, to |
*powᴮ
|
| 543 |
snore, to |
*klɤlᴬ
|
| 544 |
cough, to |
*ʔajᴬ
|
| 545 |
hold the breath, to |
*klanᶜ
|
| 546 |
hug, to; embrace, to |
*koːtᴰ
|
| 547 |
build, to |
*koːᴮ
|
| 548 |
close (the eyes), to |
*ʰlapᴰ
|
| 549 |
lie down, to, sleep, to |
*nwɯːnᴬ
|
| 550 |
incubate, to |
*wakᴰ
|
| 551 |
hold in the jaws, to |
*gaːpᴰ
|
| 552 |
hold in the closed hand, to |
*kamᴬ
|
| 553 |
take up in the two cupped hands, to |
*koːpᴰ
|
| 554 |
pick up, to |
*ˀjipᴰ
|
| 555 |
grasp, to; perch, to |
*capᴰ
|
| 556 |
squeeze, to |
*galᶜ
|
| 557 |
pinch, to |
*ʰniːpᴰ
|
| 558 |
raise, to |
*ɲɤkᴰ
|
| 559 |
lift, to |
*ɲoːᴬ
|
| 560 |
carry in the arms, to |
*ʔuːmᶜ
|
| 561 |
carry (a bag), to |
*triːwᶜ
|
| 562 |
carry on the back, to |
*trwaːmᴬ
|
| 563 |
pull, to; drag, to |
*C̬.laːkᴰ
|
| 564 |
bend over, to |
*kɤmᶜ
|
| 565 |
turn upside down or inside out, to |
*pliːnᶜ
|
| 566 |
lean back, to |
*ʔiːŋᴬ
|
| 567 |
point, to |
*ɟiːᶜ
|
| 568 |
stroke, to; caress, to |
*C̬.luːpᴰ
|
| 569 |
scratch, to |
*kawᴬ
|
| 570 |
put, to |
*s.cɤːlᴮ
|
| 571 |
snap, to |
*ɓliːtᴰ
|
| 572 |
stamp (on), to |
*dɯːpᴰ
|
| 573 |
step on, to (1) |
*ɲamᴮ
|
| 574 |
step on, to (2) |
*ˀjiǝpᴰ
|
| 575 |
repeat, to |
*zamᶜ
|
| 576 |
tremble, to |
*salᴮ
|
| 577 |
shake, to |
*C̥.wajᴬ
|
| 578 |
wrestle, to |
*plamᶜ
|
| 579 |
twist, to; wring, to |
*ɓitᴰ
|
| 580 |
stretch out, to |
*ˀjiətᴰ
|
| 581 |
sit, to |
*naŋᴮ
|
| 582 |
come, to |
*ʰmaːᴬ
|
| 583 |
go, to |
*pajᴬ
|
| 584 |
arrive, to |
*C̬.tɤŋᴬ
|
| 585 |
go upward, to |
*mɯəᴬ
|
| 586 |
ascend to |
*χɯnᶜ
|
| 587 |
descend, to |
*n̩.loŋᴬ
|
| 588 |
enter, to |
*χawᶜ
|
| 589 |
exit, to |
*ʔoːkᴰ
|
| 590 |
cross, to |
*χaːmᶜ
|
| 591 |
cross over, to |
*kwaːᴮ
|
| 592 |
drop, to |
*tokᴰ
|
| 593 |
fall off, to |
*ʰlɤnᴮ
|
| 594 |
fall down, to |
*lɤmᶜ
|
| 595 |
slip and fall, to |
*blaːtᴰ
|
| 596 |
stand, to |
*C̥.ɟɯːnᴬ
|
| 597 |
walk, to |
*praːjᶜ
|
| 598 |
fly, to |
*ɓilᴬ
|
| 599 |
crawl, to |
*g.lwɤːnᴬ
|
| 600 |
crawl over, to |
*twajᴮ
|
| 601 |
climb, to |
*piːnᴬ
|
| 602 |
flow, to |
*ʰlwajᴬ
|
| 603 |
flood, to |
*C̬.tuǝmᴮ
|
| 604 |
spill, to |
*ɓaːᴮ
|
| 605 |
pour, to |
*rwaːtᴰ
|
| 606 |
swim, to |
*loːjᴬ
|
| 607 |
float, to |
*wuːᴬ
|
| 608 |
sink, to |
*cɤmᴬ
|
| 609 |
dive, to |
*ɗamᴬ
|
| 610 |
close, to |
*hapᴰ
|
| 611 |
revolve, to; spin, to |
*panᴮ
|
| 612 |
go hungry, to |
*ʔɤtᴰ
|
| 613 |
hate, to |
*ɟaŋᴬ
|
| 614 |
quit, to |
*ˀjaːᴮ
|
| 615 |
see, to |
*tranᴬ
|
| 616 |
hear, to |
*ŋinᴬ
|
| 617 |
taste, to |
*ɟimᴬ
|
| 618 |
smell (tr.), to |
*ɗɤmᴬ
|
| 619 |
forget, to |
*lɯːmᴬ
|
| 620 |
dream, to |
*hwanᴬ
|
| 621 |
believe, to |
*ɟɯǝᴮ
|
| 622 |
recognize, to |
*cakᴰ
|
| 623 |
know, to |
*rɯːwᶜ
|
| 624 |
be, to; b̩ecome, to |
*m̩.pelᴬ
|
| 625 |
be (in a place), to |
*ˀjuːᴮ
|
| 626 |
fear, to (1) |
*ʰlaːwᴬ
|
| 627 |
fear, to (2) |
*jaːnᶜ
|
| 628 |
itch, to (1) |
*ɣalᴬ
|
| 629 |
itch, to (2) |
*ɣomᴬ
|
| 630 |
seek, to |
*kraᴬ
|
| 631 |
join, to |
*toːᴮ
|
| 632 |
divide, to |
*panᴬ
|
| 633 |
separate, to |
*braːkᴰ
|
| 634 |
castrate, to |
*toːnᴬ
|
| 635 |
cut, to |
*tacᴰ
|
| 636 |
slash, to |
*walᴬ
|
| 637 |
chop, to |
*tramᶜ
|
| 638 |
weed, to |
*ɓlaːjᴬ
|
| 639 |
break, to |
*t.rakᴰ
|
| 640 |
burst, to |
*p.reːkᴰ
|
| 641 |
pluck, to |
*C̥.decᴰ
|
| 642 |
take down, to; put down, to |
*ploŋᴬ
|
| 643 |
peel, to |
*poːkᴰ
|
| 644 |
hammer, to |
*ɣoːlᶜ
|
| 645 |
pound, to |
*tamᴬ
|
| 646 |
pound (rice), to |
*zoːmᶜ
|
| 647 |
slap, to |
*tɤpᴰ
|
| 648 |
pound, to (2) |
*dupᴬ
|
| 649 |
pound, to (1) |
*toːkᴰ
|
| 650 |
come into contact, to |
*C̬.tɯːkᴰ
|
| 651 |
tie, to |
*cm̩.rukᴰ
|
| 652 |
tie up, to |
*laːmᴮ
|
| 653 |
undo, to; untie, to |
*keːᶜ
|
| 654 |
fold, to |
*bapᴰ
|
| 655 |
fold double, to |
*dopᴰ
|
| 656 |
stretch, to |
*ɲɯːtᴰ
|
| 657 |
erect, to |
*taŋᶜ
|
| 658 |
plug (a hole), to |
*ʔwɯtᴰ
|
| 659 |
salt, to |
*ʔɯǝpᴰ
|
| 660 |
pickle, to |
*ɗoːŋᴬ
|
| 661 |
soak, to (2) |
*ʰmaːᴮ
|
| 662 |
scoop, to |
*takᴰ
|
| 663 |
soak, to (1) |
*ɟeːᴮ
|
| 664 |
burn (intr.), to |
*ʰmajᶜ
|
| 665 |
burn (tr.), to |
*prawᴬ
|
| 666 |
roast, to |
*ˀjɯəŋᶜ
|
| 667 |
boil (tr.), to |
*tomᶜ
|
| 668 |
boil (intr.), to |
*ɗɤːtᴰ
|
| 669 |
scald, to |
*luəkᴰ
|
| 670 |
cook (rice), to |
*truŋᴬ
|
| 671 |
steam, to |
*ʰnɯŋᶜ
|
| 672 |
make a fire, to |
*ɗaŋᴬ
|
| 673 |
extinguish, to |
*ɗapᴰ
|
| 674 |
roof, to |
*mwuŋᴬ
|
| 675 |
cover (with cloth), to |
*hɤmᴮ
|
| 676 |
deceive, to |
*braːŋᴬ
|
| 677 |
buy, to |
*z.ɟɯːᶜ
|
| 678 |
sell, to |
*p.qaːj
|
| 679 |
borrow, to |
*ˀjɯːmᴬ
|
| 680 |
defeat, to; be defeated, to |
*beːᶜ
|
| 681 |
have, to |
*miːᴬ
|
| 682 |
take, to |
*ʔawᴬ
|
| 683 |
obtain, to |
*ɗajᶜ
|
| 684 |
pick, to |
*kepᴰ
|
| 685 |
steal, to |
*C̬.lakᴰ
|
| 686 |
give, to |
*haɰᶜ
|
| 687 |
dust off, to |
*pacᴰ
|
| 688 |
sweep, to |
*kwaːtᴰ
|
| 689 |
wipe, to |
*ɟetᴰ
|
| 690 |
rinse, to |
*C.lwɤːŋᶜ
|
| 691 |
wash (clothes), to |
*zakᴰ
|
| 692 |
wash, to |
*zaːwᴬ
|
| 693 |
bathe, to |
*ʔaːpᴰ
|
| 694 |
teach, to |
*soːlᴬ
|
| 695 |
rest, to |
*bakᴰ
|
| 696 |
wait, to |
*craːᶜ
|
| 697 |
be left over, to |
*ʰlɯəᴬ
|
| 698 |
leak, to |
*rwoːᴮ
|
| 699 |
awaken (someone), to |
*plokᴰ
|
| 700 |
wake up, to |
*k.tɯːnᴮ
|
| 701 |
grow, to; rise, to |
*ʰmaːᶜ
|
| 702 |
shrink, to |
*ʰrotᴰ
|
| 703 |
disappear, to |
*ʰrwɤːjᴬ
|
| 704 |
die, to |
*p.taːjᴬ
|
| 705 |
kill, to |
*qaːᶜ
|
| 706 |
expose to the sun, to |
*p.raːkᴰ
|
| 707 |
hang up, to |
*qweːnᴬ
|
| 708 |
hang down, to |
*hoːjᶜ
|
| 709 |
smear, to |
*daːᴬ
|
| 710 |
lay (a cloth, etc.) across, to |
*baːtᴰ
|
| 711 |
drive away, to |
*k.rapᴰ
|
| 712 |
chase, to |
*lajᴮ
|
| 713 |
be finished, to |
*leːwᶜ
|
| 714 |
to commission |
*ʑaɰᶜ
|
| 715 |
entrust, to |
*ʰwaːkᴰ
|
| 716 |
pronoun, 1s (weak) |
*kuːᴬ
|
| 717 |
pronoun, 1s (strong) |
*kawᴬ
|
| 718 |
pronoun, 2s (weak) |
*mɯŋᴬ
|
| 719 |
pronoun, 2s (strong) |
*maɰᴬ
|
| 720 |
pronoun, 3s (weak) |
*mɯnᴬ
|
| 721 |
pronoun, 3s (strong) |
*manᴬ
|
| 722 |
pronoun, 1p |
*rawᴬ
|
| 723 |
one |
*nɯːŋᴮ
|
| 724 |
two |
*soːŋᴬ
|
| 725 |
three |
*saːm
|
| 726 |
four |
*siːᴮ
|
| 727 |
five |
*haːᶜ
|
| 728 |
six |
*krokᴰ
|
| 729 |
seven |
*cetᴰ
|
| 730 |
eight |
*peːtᴰ
|
| 731 |
nine |
*kɤwᶜ
|
| 732 |
hundred; string, to |
*roːjᶜ
|
| 733 |
single, only one |
*ɗiəwᴬ
|
| 734 |
pair |
*guːᴮ
|
| 735 |
how many, several |
*kiːᶜ
|
| 736 |
all |
*daŋᴬ
|
| 737 |
many, much |
*ʰlaːjᴬ
|
| 738 |
little, few |
*ʰnoːjᴮ
|
| 739 |
one or so, any |
*sakᴰ
|
| 740 |
half |
*grɤŋᴮ
|
| 741 |
each other, together |
*kanᴬ
|
| 742 |
other |
*ʔɯːnᴮ
|
| 743 |
measure from thumb to fingertip |
*ɣɯːpᴰ
|
| 744 |
bite (n.), speech |
*gamᴬ
|
| 745 |
classifier for things |
*ʔalᴬ
|
| 746 |
cord, string |
*saːjᴬ
|
| 747 |
classifier for long, thin, object |
*selᶜ
|
| 748 |
classifier for tools |
*mwaːkᴰ
|
| 749 |
litter (of young) |
*groːkᴰ
|
| 750 |
time (classifier) |
*bajᴬ
|
| 751 |
name of first month |
*ciǝŋᴬ
|
| 752 |
last (year) |
*klaːjᴬ
|
| 753 |
daytime |
*ŋwanᴬ
|
| 754 |
night |
*ɣɯːnᴬ
|
| 755 |
day |
*mwɯːᶜ
|
| 756 |
morning, early |
*ɟawᶜ
|
| 757 |
night |
*ɣamᴮ
|
| 758 |
late at night |
*ɗɯkᴰ
|
| 759 |
meal, early |
*ŋaːjᴬ
|
| 760 |
meal, late |
*C̬.lwiːŋᴬ
|
| 761 |
meal, evening |
*ɟm̩.rawᴬ
|
| 762 |
day before yesterday |
*zɯːnᴬ
|
| 763 |
yesterday |
*ŋwaːᴬ
|
| 764 |
tomorrow |
*ɟm̩.rukᴰ
|
| 765 |
day after tomorrow |
*C̬.rɯːᴬ
|
| 766 |
year |
*piːᴬ
|
| 767 |
upstream, above |
*ʰnɯəᴬ
|
| 768 |
downstream, below |
*taɰᶜ
|
| 769 |
below |
*lwɤːŋᴮ
|
| 770 |
inside |
*C̥.daɰᴬ
|
| 771 |
outside |
*l̩.noːkᴰ
|
| 772 |
middle |
*klaːŋᴬ
|
| 773 |
side |
*C̥.bɯǝŋᶜ
|
| 774 |
this |
*najᶜ
|
| 775 |
before |
*koːnᴮ
|
| 776 |
tip, end |
*plaːjᴬ
|
| 777 |
tip, highest point |
*ɲoːtᴰ
|
| 778 |
edge |
*riːmᴬ
|
| 779 |
gradually, slowly |
*gɔːjᴮ
|
| 780 |
not (strong 1) |
*ɓawᴮ
|
| 781 |
not (strong 2) |
*boːᴮ
|
| 782 |
not (weak) |
*miːᴬ
|
| 783 |
not yet |
*pajᴮ
|
| 784 |
do not |
*ʰɲaːᴮ
|
| 785 |
which |
*ɗaɰᴬ
|
| 786 |
also |
*koːᶜ
|
| 787 |
with, and |
*kapᴰ
|
| 788 |
matter |
*ɣwaːmᴬ
|
See also
edit
References
edit
- Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. The Phonology of Proto-Tai. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.
