No. |
Category no. |
Semantic category |
Gloss |
Proto-Tibeto-Burman
|
5711 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
flesh / animal / body / agentive nominalizer |
*sya-n ~ *sin
|
34 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
flesh / meat / game animal |
*sya-n
|
318 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / owner / agentive nominalizer |
*sin
|
1 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / back |
*guŋ
|
2 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / chest / thorax / corpse |
*s-kəw
|
3 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / belly |
*pum
|
4 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*g-zuk
|
6 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*tyaŋ
|
8 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*t(s)ak
|
11 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*lu-s
|
13 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / torso / corpse |
*puŋ
|
1126 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*tsyi
|
1125 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*ti
|
10 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*k(y)am
|
7 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*(p/b)aŋ
|
14 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*du
|
1900 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / animal |
*nam
|
21 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body (upper) |
*s-twat
|
22 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body |
*s-pi ~ *pay
|
1902 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
suffix (nominalizer; bulk-provider) |
*-pu ~ *-pwa
|
5364 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
body / trunk |
*kwak
|
5633 |
1.1.1 |
Body |
hair |
*t(y)u
|
35 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat |
*s-nya-k ~ *hyak
|
39 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat / game animal |
*mey
|
1130 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat |
*ka-y
|
38 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat |
*m-dwaŋ
|
41 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat |
*kan
|
54 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat / animal |
*m(y/w)an ~ *min
|
47 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat |
*ta(m)-
|
1862 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
animal |
*ri-dak
|
1866 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
flesh / meat / deer |
*s/g-la
|
58 |
1.1.1.1 |
Flesh/Meat |
cattle / livestock / domestic animal |
*dzay ~ *tsaːy
|
49 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean / thin |
*gray
|
44 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat) |
*s-na
|
1805 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat, person) |
*m/s-kam
|
1806 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat, person) |
*syi
|
1807 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean |
*m-dzyaŋ
|
43 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat) |
*ni
|
45 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat) |
*kruk ~ *s-gyuk
|
55 |
1.1.1.2 |
Lean (Meat) |
lean (meat) |
*(ŋ/k)wak
|
327 |
1.1.2 |
Life/Breathe/Exist |
breed / bring up |
*sryal
|
72 |
1.1.2.1 |
Life/Live/Alive |
live / alive |
*dat
|
81 |
1.1.2.1 |
Life/Live/Alive |
life |
*srwak
|
1819 |
1.1.2.1 |
Life/Live/Alive |
live |
*ta
|
80 |
1.1.2.1 |
Life/Live/Alive |
live |
*ts(y)ow
|
62 |
1.1.2.1 |
Life/Live/Alive |
life / breath |
*mwa-n/s
|
32 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breath(e) / life |
*m-sak
|
67 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
blow / breath(e) / life |
*h(r)u
|
65 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breath(e) / life |
*d-buk
|
77 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breath(e) / live |
*g/m-swan
|
73 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breath(e) / live |
*dwam
|
1814 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breathe |
*ti
|
1810 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breathe / draw (breath) |
*raŋ¹
|
1817 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
gasp / pant |
*g-haŋ
|
66 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breath / lung / spirit / voice / heart |
*s(y)am-s
|
5640 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breathe |
*waŋ
|
68 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
breathe / pant |
*r-ŋam
|
5788 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
pant |
*s-ləy
|
5789 |
1.1.2.2 |
Breath/Breathe |
be / breathe |
*duŋ ~ *duk
|
1821 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
be / copula / nominalizer / subordinator / god |
*s/g-ray ~ *way
|
449 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
be / copula / nominalizer / subordinator |
*g-ray
|
658 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
god / creator |
*g-ray
|
450 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
be / copula / nominalizer / subordinator |
*way
|
5495 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
pluralizer |
*s-ray
|
84 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
stay / rest / dwell / be / live / alight / perch |
*g-na-s
|
2608 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
be / exist / copula |
*s-ri-t ~ *s-rut
|
4477 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
dwell / exist / live / stay |
*ʔum
|
4565 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
stay / spend (time) |
*tsam
|
5741 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
copula / be |
*nay
|
5792 |
1.1.2.3 |
Existence |
god / creator |
*g-sa(ŋ)
|
99 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry / thirsty |
*mwat ~ *ŋ(w)at
|
106 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry |
*b-kri-n/s
|
104 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry |
*nwaŋ
|
105 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry / thirsty |
*kwa-k
|
113 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry |
*wan
|
3550 |
1.1.3 |
Hungry |
hungry |
*ywaŋ-s
|
101 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty / hungry |
*si(p)
|
3298 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
dried up / thirsty |
*s-wi ~ *s-way
|
1826 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty |
*s-pa(ŋ/k)
|
1825 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty / hungry |
*g-ra(ŋ/k)
|
122 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty |
*wat
|
3297 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty |
*pu
|
103 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
tired / thirsty |
*bal
|
116 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
thirsty / dried out |
*k(w)am
|
119 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
roast / toast / dry / hot / burn / thirsty |
*(k/g)a(ː)ŋ
|
1001 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
dry / dried out |
*gru ~ *grwa
|
120 |
1.1.3.1 |
Thirsty |
dry (up) |
*kan
|
100 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated |
*m-pup
|
135 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / satiated |
*(g/k)aŋ
|
114 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated / provisions / grain |
*m-gra-ŋ
|
1829 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated |
*kru
|
1830 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated |
*m-dyat
|
1833 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated |
*s/k-wa
|
115 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
satiated |
*ka-s
|
1832 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / satiated |
*m-nyəw-t/s
|
1834 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / satiated |
*mwa
|
138 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
enough / satiated |
*luk
|
111 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / fill |
*(p/b)liŋ
|
5715 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full (of container) |
*m-nywa(n/t)
|
132 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / flat / straight |
*l-(t/d)yam
|
7091 |
1.1.3.2 |
Satiated/Full/Enough |
full / satiated |
*taw
|
143 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
awake / awaken |
*s-nəw
|
142 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
arise / awake / awaken |
*m-sow
|
150 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
awake |
*s(y)a
|
154 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
wake |
*(t)sin-t
|
1836 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
wake |
*(t/d)uŋ
|
1837 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
wake up / morning / clear-headed / sober up |
*s(y)u-ŋ/k
|
144 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
morning / awake / alert |
*b/s-raŋ
|
148 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
get up / rise / awaken |
*tu
|
145 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
stand |
*g-r(y)ap
|
152 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
lift / raise / awake |
*kyi
|
5403 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
rouse / awaken / disturb |
*kruk
|
5768 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
awake |
*tsywar
|
5769 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
awake |
*swat
|
5770 |
1.1.4 |
Wake/Conscious/Alert |
awake |
*dar
|
127 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep |
*s-y(i/u)p
|
128 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep |
*g-(d)z(i/u)m
|
129 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep / sleepy / lie down |
*m/s-nyal
|
130 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep / dream |
*r/s-mwəy
|
131 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep / nod |
*g/r-nyit
|
140 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep |
*(k/g)li-n
|
2128 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep |
*ka(r)
|
146 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
sleep / dream |
*draŋ
|
3299 |
1.1.4.1 |
Sleep/Be asleep |
lie down |
*g-laːm
|
126 |
1.1.4.2 |
Dream |
dream |
*s/r-ma(ŋ/k)
|
1838 |
1.1.4.2 |
Dream |
dream |
*m-ŋwa
|
1842 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strong / firm / tense |
*g/m/b-raŋ
|
157 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strength / power |
*d-baŋ
|
1840 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strength |
*ʔan
|
1843 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strength |
*tsyi-k
|
159 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strong / firm / steadfast |
*b-tsan
|
161 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strong / hard / tough |
*twal
|
1839 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
rough / scaly |
*sak
|
185 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
hard / solid |
*kywaŋ
|
186 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
hard / solid |
*tsak-t
|
174 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
hard / difficult / poor / distressed |
*s-ra
|
173 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
hard / difficult |
*kak
|
175 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
hard / difficult |
*s-yak
|
5677 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strength / win / classifier for people |
*k-ra
|
5727 |
1.1.5 |
Strength |
strong |
*r-kaŋ
|
160 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
ill / pain / sore / ache / difficult / evil spirit |
*na-n/t
|
1844 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
hot / fever / hurt / ill / hungry |
*tsa-t ~ *dza-t
|
1846 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
hurt / ache |
*t(u/i)(k/ŋ)
|
1849 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
ill / hurt / ache |
*m-gu
|
1845 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
sad / tired / ill / achy |
*s-nyuŋ
|
1847 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
sick / ache |
*r-kyi
|
2167 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
convalesce / recover / return |
*bran
|
6192 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
disease / illness / ailment / discomfort / hot |
*s-ra-y
|
4728 |
1.1.5.1 |
Sick/Hurt/Ache |
numb / ache / hurt |
*h(i/u)t
|
163 |
1.1.5.2 |
Swollen/Swell/Bloated |
swell / swollen / fat / thick / rounded part |
*s-bʷa(m/p)
|
1317 |
1.1.5.2 |
Swollen/Swell/Bloated |
calf / leg |
*bwap
|
1852 |
1.1.5.2 |
Swollen/Swell/Bloated |
swelling / goiter |
*bwar
|
1855 |
1.1.5.2 |
Swollen/Swell/Bloated |
pregnant / swollen |
*bwat
|
1854 |
1.1.5.2 |
Swollen/Swell/Bloated |
goiter |
*l/m-ba
|
27 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die |
*səy
|
31 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
extinguish / shut abruptly / wink / blink / die |
*s-miːt
|
1860 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
perish / be spent / be lost / lose / disappear / exhausted / forget |
*g/s-ma-t/n
|
30 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die / drop down / cessative |
*taŋ
|
1861 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die / dead / corpse |
*s-pwap
|
28 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
dead, spirit of |
*tsu
|
29 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die / spirit of dead / non-viable |
*swan
|
3300 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die / kill |
*(g/k)um
|
3301 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die |
*kay
|
5676 |
1.1.6 |
Die/Deathly |
die (respectful) |
*grwaŋ
|
17 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
body / corpse |
*s-maŋ
|
19 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
withered / residue / corpse |
*s-raw
|
18 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
body / corpse |
*ʔu
|
12 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
body / corpse |
*rwa(ŋ/k)
|
1801 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
body / corpse / discarded object |
*s-lwaŋ
|
23 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
corpse |
*tuŋ
|
24 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
corpse |
*s-pur
|
63 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
corpse |
*dzal
|
26 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
corpse |
*moy
|
25 |
1.1.6.1 |
Carcass/Dead Body |
corpse |
*ŋun
|
385 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head / center / senior male relative / uncle |
*d-bu-s
|
1223 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*du
|
386 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*m/s-gaw
|
1224 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head / skull / wear on the head |
*kuk
|
387 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
hollow / hollow object / head |
*s-kawŋ
|
1221 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*k-lu
|
383 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
crown of head |
*d-kyil
|
392 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head / forehead |
*p-laŋ
|
388 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*(p/b)wa(ŋ)
|
1722 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
upper surface / top / above / climb / lift / ascend / palate |
*l-t(y)ak
|
391 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*s-tak
|
692 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
pillow / block / bench / bedstead |
*m-k(u/i)m
|
5794 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
pillow / cushion |
*s-mwan
|
1242 |
1.2.1 |
Head/Headed |
head |
*pil
|
2002 |
1.2.1.1 |
Skull |
forehead / skull |
*twat
|
2004 |
1.2.1.1 |
Skull |
skull |
*kwam
|
2005 |
1.2.1.1 |
Skull |
skull |
*grap
|
1197 |
1.2.1.3 |
Fontanel |
fontanelle / skull |
*s/l-ŋwa-y
|
1196 |
1.2.1.3 |
Fontanel |
fontanelle / pate |
*(d/t)ip
|
1198 |
1.2.1.3 |
Fontanel |
fontanelle |
*(r/w)a-y
|
2007 |
1.2.1.3 |
Fontanel |
fontanelle |
*m-tswak
|
814 |
1.2.2 |
Horn(ed)/Antler |
horn / angle / corner |
*m/g-(r)wa-ŋ/k/t
|
2009 |
1.2.2 |
Horn(ed)/Antler |
horn |
*nu-(ŋ/k) ~ *nwa-(ŋ/k)
|
819 |
1.2.2 |
Horn(ed)/Antler |
horn |
*d-krəw
|
2012 |
1.2.2 |
Horn(ed)/Antler |
horn |
*r-ki
|
2010 |
1.2.2 |
Horn(ed)/Antler |
antler |
*bak
|
1144 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
cockscomb |
*tsywak
|
1148 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
cockscomb / crest |
*l-mawk
|
1471 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
cockscomb |
*m-tsywaŋ
|
2016 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
cockscomb |
*prya(p/m)
|
2014 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
summit / crest / cockscomb |
*r-tsey
|
1472 |
1.2.2.1 |
Comb/Crest |
cockscomb |
*tsyar
|
1220 |
1.2.2.2 |
Comb (Hair) |
comb (for hair) |
*ʔ-gʷəy-s
|
1219 |
1.2.2.2 |
Comb (Hair) |
comb / rake |
*m-si-t
|
5892 |
1.2.2.2 |
Comb (Hair) |
comb / brush (v.) |
*g-s-y(w)at
|
1232 |
1.2.3 |
Hair of Head |
hair (head) |
*n-dzi-k
|
368 |
1.2.3 |
Hair of Head |
hair of head |
*r-(n/m)ey
|
367 |
1.2.3 |
Hair of Head |
hair of head / head |
*s-kra
|
372 |
1.2.3 |
Hair of Head |
hair (head) / thread / sinew / tendon |
*kriŋ
|
366 |
1.2.3 |
Hair of Head |
hair (head) |
*(t)sam
|
1473 |
1.2.3.1 |
Cowlick/Flexure |
cowlick |
*boy
|
2021 |
1.2.3.1 |
Cowlick/Flexure |
cowlick / tuft of hair |
*kwan OR *kwa(l/r)
|
2018 |
1.2.3.2 |
Queue/Braid |
braid / plait / interweave |
*(p/b)(r)a(n/t)
|
2019 |
1.2.3.2 |
Queue/Braid |
braid / queue |
*m-tsywak
|
2023 |
1.2.3.2 |
Queue/Braid |
braid |
*s-n(y)ak
|
1436 |
1.2.3.4 |
Bald |
bald |
*(d/t)u-k
|
243 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain |
*s-nəw-k
|
463 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain / marrow |
**g-ts(y)u(k/ŋ) ~ **g-ts(y)i-k
|
1133 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain / marrow |
*t(w)a(k/ŋ)
|
249 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain |
*s-nip
|
247 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain |
*s/k-lwak
|
464 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain / marrow |
*(s/h)la
|
465 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain / marrow |
*(k/g)lat
|
252 |
1.2.4 |
Brain |
brain |
*p(u/i)-k
|
1187 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face / cheek / front / ahead / first |
*s-ma-y
|
1190 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face / mouth |
*zyal
|
1192 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face / front |
*r-ŋwa-l
|
2017 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
topknot / forepart / front side |
*ŋar
|
2525 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
before / front |
*s-ŋa
|
1188 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*s-myal
|
1184 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*s-li
|
1186 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*pluŋ
|
2031 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face / front part |
*g-dwaŋ
|
2037 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face / cheek |
*(t)si
|
2032 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*kul
|
2039 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*b-ram
|
2034 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
face |
*ts(y/w)ak
|
6151 |
1.2.5 |
Face |
blush / red |
*n(y)a-n
|
358 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead |
*ta-y
|
354 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead |
*s-mawŋ
|
371 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead / head / hair (of head) / horn |
*m-twaŋ
|
384 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead / face |
*d-(p)ral
|
2025 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead |
*g(w/r)aŋ
|
356 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead / cockscomb |
*s-ŋa-k
|
353 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead |
*kup
|
2027 |
1.2.5.1 |
Forehead/Temples |
forehead / face |
*haŋ
|
268 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / jaw / chin |
*m/s-ba
|
263 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek |
*bwaŋ
|
264 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek |
*m-b(y/r)aŋ
|
277 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek |
*pow
|
284 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / buttock / chin |
*(t)s-wa(s/r)
|
2053 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / chin / jaw |
*g(y/w)ar
|
2051 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / chin |
*tsyi(p/m)
|
2052 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / chin |
*ney
|
2046 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / face |
*wam
|
266 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / jaw |
*gra
|
278 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
jaw / cheek / chin |
*kap
|
2049 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
jaw |
*tsyaŋ
|
2047 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / jaw |
*b-rup
|
267 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / jaw / chin / face |
*k(w)aŋ
|
2055 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
jaw / chin |
*tri
|
281 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
lower jaw |
*kyit ~ *krik
|
274 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
jaw |
*m-gal
|
271 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
chin / cheek |
*s-bi ~ *s-bay
|
630 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
jaw / chin / molar |
*gam
|
262 |
1.2.5.2 |
Jaw/Cheek |
cheek / face / jaw |
*s-gram
|
286 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
chin / cheek |
*l/m-da(n/ŋ)
|
280 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
chin / cheek |
*s-tu(n/m)
|
273 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
mouth / opening / spread / door / face / jaw |
*m/s-k(w)a-y
|
2057 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
chin |
*s-kow
|
287 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
chin / dimple |
*li
|
2059 |
1.2.5.3 |
Chin |
chin / cheek / jaw |
*ŋam
|
1265 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
moustache / beard / chin |
*ra
|
1114 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
beard / moustache |
*s-ma-ŋ
|
370 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
hair / mane / beard |
*(t)su-ŋ
|
1112 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
chin / jaw / beard |
*siŋ ~ *syaŋ
|
1111 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
beard / moustache |
*(t)sya-y
|
1266 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
moustache / beard |
*kway
|
1115 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
mouth / moustache / beard |
*yar
|
2064 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
beard |
*r-gya-n
|
2065 |
1.2.5.5 |
Beard/Moustache/Facial Hair |
beard |
*g-wu
|
33 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eye |
*s-myak ~ *s-mik
|
682 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eye |
*s-mik
|
681 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eye |
*s-myak
|
1261 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eye |
*dzyuŋ ~ *tsyuŋ
|
2068 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eye / eyeball |
*m-du
|
2072 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eyeball / eyebrow / eyelash |
*s-kywar
|
2045 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
rounded part |
*s-ruŋ
|
1019 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
fruit / rose / round object |
*sey
|
2071 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
rice / fruit / bear fruit / round object |
*b-ras
|
2067 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
bean / eye |
*s-nuk
|
2075 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eyebrow / eyelash |
*(k/g)um
|
2076 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eyelash / eyelid |
*ba OR *pa
|
2078 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
eyelash / eyelid |
*s-(b)r(i/u)m
|
2080 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
water / rain |
*r/s/g-wa
|
189 |
1.2.6 |
Eye |
water |
*si
|
2073 |
1.2.6.1 |
Eyeball |
eyeball |
*g-(d/r)a
|
187 |
1.2.6.7 |
Tears |
tears |
*b-ləy-k
|
1227 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
see |
*mraŋ
|
1229 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
see / know |
*m-kya(ŋ/n)
|
1402 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
see / show |
*m/s-twaŋ
|
5554 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
think / brain |
*s-nyam
|
1405 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
know / see |
*ka(n/ŋ)
|
5419 |
1.2.6.10 |
See/Look |
look / try to |
*ney
|
5852 |
1.2.6.12 |
Blink/Wink |
wink / blink / eyelash |
*C-(t)(s)-(y/r)ap
|
1239 |
1.2.6.14.2 |
Blind |
blind |
*p-law(ŋ/k)
|
1253 |
1.2.6.14.2 |
Blind |
blind |
*dwa(ŋ/k)
|
1401 |
1.2.6.14.2 |
Blind |
blind / tightly closed |
*tsy(w)at
|
811 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear / hear / listen |
*r/g-na
|
825 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*nam
|
1423 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
hole |
*puŋ
|
816 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*m-tsywa-(k/ŋ)
|
817 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*l-kwaŋ
|
2083 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*s-ri
|
818 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear / earlobe / flat thing |
*byaŋ
|
812 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear / lobelike part |
*b(r)aŋ
|
2084 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*myaŋ
|
2082 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*tsy(u/i)(l/r)
|
823 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
ear |
*kyap
|
2070 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
hole / orifice / ear |
*ruŋ
|
822 |
1.2.7 |
Ear |
hole / orifice / cave / pit / well (for water) |
*dwa(ː)ŋ
|
815 |
1.2.7.3 |
Earwax |
earwax |
*s-p(w)a-(p/k)
|
2089 |
1.2.7.3 |
Earwax |
earwax |
*tsyu
|
2088 |
1.2.7.3 |
Earwax |
dirt / filth |
*ku
|
1408 |
1.2.7.4 |
Hear/Listen |
hear |
*s-ta-s ~ *ta-n
|
1410 |
1.2.7.4 |
Hear/Listen |
hear / listen |
*s-nyan
|
1411 |
1.2.7.4 |
Hear/Listen |
hear / listen / sound |
*(k/g)ra
|
1409 |
1.2.7.5 |
Deaf |
deaf |
*(b/p)aːŋ
|
1412 |
1.2.7.5 |
Deaf |
deaf |
*tawŋ
|
1413 |
1.2.7.5 |
Deaf |
deaf |
*l-ywa(ŋ/n)
|
803 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*s-na ~ *s-naːr
|
806 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose / nostril |
*bu(k/ŋ)
|
807 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*l-di
|
810 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*bi
|
809 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*(k/g)ywaŋ
|
808 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*t(w)a(ŋ/n)
|
2091 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*-ts(y)a
|
2093 |
1.2.8 |
Nose |
nose |
*ka ~ *ŋa
|
2132 |
1.2.8.3 |
Snout |
snout |
*tun
|
1420 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell / fragrant |
*s-mu(y/r)
|
5756 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
stink / smell bad |
*bu
|
1422 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell |
*(d/t)um
|
1421 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell / odor |
*bat
|
1417 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell / scent / fragrant |
*b-s(u/a)ŋ
|
1418 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell |
*s-ŋu
|
1416 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell |
*s-rim
|
1415 |
1.2.8.5 |
Smell |
smell |
*m/s-nam
|
467 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth / lip / hold in mouth / chew / face / gills |
*s-muːr
|
468 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*ku(w)
|
470 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*nap
|
474 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
crack open / mouth / chin |
*ak
|
687 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*s-muk
|
453 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth / lip |
*ban
|
2096 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*(b/p)i
|
476 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*m-p(r)(w)aŋ
|
2095 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth / beak / food / stomach |
*l-tywa
|
2097 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth / beak |
*tsywaŋ
|
473 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*kwaŋ
|
2099 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*s-ŋyar
|
2100 |
1.3.1 |
Mouth |
mouth |
*nwaŋ
|
1719 |
1.3.1.1 |
Palate |
palate / top part |
*(t/d)a(ŋ/k)
|
1721 |
1.3.1.1 |
Palate |
palate |
*kur
|
636 |
1.3.1.1 |
Palate |
palate / gums |
*d/r-kan
|
1735 |
1.3.1.1 |
Palate |
palate |
*ha(m/p)
|
1716 |
1.3.1.3 |
Yawn/Gape |
yawn |
*ha-y
|
1715 |
1.3.1.3 |
Yawn/Gape |
yawn |
*m-ha(ː)m ~ *kam
|
1732 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*mu(r/l)
|
75 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*pu
|
1743 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*pur
|
1739 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*tsuy
|
1740 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*hywan
|
1744 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow |
*s-la
|
1745 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow / blow nose / breathe / lung |
*swar
|
503 |
1.3.1.4 |
Blow |
blow (with mouth) |
*k/s-mut
|
442 |
1.3.2 |
Lip |
nose and mouth / lip / lower part of face |
*m-ts(y)ul
|
441 |
1.3.2 |
Lip |
lip |
*s-nyas
|
454 |
1.3.2 |
Lip |
lip / mouth / edge / bank |
*r-ka(ː)m
|
452 |
1.3.2 |
Lip |
lip / lobe / lid |
*b(i/u)l ~ *byal
|
456 |
1.3.2 |
Lip |
lip |
*b-lu
|
621 |
1.3.3 |
Tongue |
tongue |
*m/s-lay ~ *s-ley
|
623 |
1.3.3 |
Tongue |
tongue |
*s/m-l(y)a-t
|
625 |
1.3.3 |
Tongue |
tongue / lick / flame |
*s-lyam
|
628 |
1.3.3 |
Tongue |
lick / tongue |
*s-lyaːw
|
629 |
1.3.3 |
Tongue |
lick / tongue |
*m/s/g-lyak
|
632 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth |
*s/p-wa
|
635 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth / tusk |
*m-dzyway
|
1322 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth |
*s-k-lu
|
1176 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth (molar) / wisdom tooth |
*bu(k/p)
|
1728 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth |
*b/k-(l)aŋ
|
631 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tusk / fang / canine tooth |
*s-wik
|
2813 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth |
*d-yu(ŋ/k)
|
3316 |
1.3.4 |
Tooth |
tooth / molar |
*twaŋ
|
634 |
1.3.4.1 |
Eyetooth/Tusk/Canine Tooth |
tusk / tooth |
*s-ŋya
|
637 |
1.3.4.1 |
Eyetooth/Tusk/Canine Tooth |
tusk / molar |
*k(w/y)aŋ
|
1622 |
1.3.4.2 |
Molar |
female / mother / big / molar |
*pwi(y)-n
|
504 |
1.3.4.3 |
Gums |
gums |
*r/m-nil
|
3321 |
1.3.4.3 |
Gums |
gums |
*(r/n)iŋ
|
1723 |
1.3.4.3 |
Gums |
palate / gums |
*kwaŋ
|
688 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
bite / chew |
*g-wa-t
|
744 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
bite down on |
*C-tsat
|
755 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
bite / chew |
*k(w)ak ~ *k(y)ak
|
1774 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
hold in mouth / bite |
*par
|
743 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
bite / snap at / mouthful |
*hap
|
2333 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
grind |
*kriːt
|
2231 |
1.3.4.4 |
Bite/Hold in Mouth |
put into mouth, seize with mouth |
*gam
|
1147 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*g-(r/l)(y)at
|
1759 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*nak
|
1760 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew / bite |
*b-ruk
|
1761 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew / gnaw |
*ŋyat
|
1762 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*m-gwya
|
1763 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew (noisily) / munch |
*k(r/w)ap
|
1770 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*k(r/l)uŋ
|
1771 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew (cud, betel) |
*wal ~ *m-yal
|
1772 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew / hold in the mouth |
*ŋam
|
1775 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*tya(p/m)
|
1777 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*m-k(r)a-y
|
1778 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew |
*m-dzyak
|
5851 |
1.3.4.5 |
Chew |
chew / taste |
*b-l-t(y/w)at
|
495 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat / neck |
*kwa
|
499 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*lwam
|
489 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ~ *k-rwa(k/ŋ)
|
488 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat / palate |
*k-(r/l)aw
|
486 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat / neck |
*l-kwak
|
496 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*m-g(u/i)l
|
490 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*wa(l/r)
|
498 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*s(y)a(m/ŋ)
|
500 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
nape / neck / throat |
*sit
|
491 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*grey-k
|
493 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*kak
|
494 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat / neck |
*ka
|
3363 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*m-tsywa(ŋ)
|
3401 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*ywa(p/m)
|
505 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*mit
|
1725 |
1.3.5 |
Throat/Pharynx |
throat |
*ri
|
501 |
1.3.5.2 |
Windpipe/Trachea |
windpipe / trachea / throat |
*ti
|
3411 |
1.3.5.2 |
Windpipe/Trachea |
windpipe / Adam's apple |
*tsyi-k
|
3412 |
1.3.5.4 |
Adam's Apple/Larynx |
larynx |
*lwak
|
3365 |
1.3.5.4 |
Adam's Apple/Larynx |
larynx / windpipe / neck |
*baw
|
627 |
1.3.5.6 |
Swallow |
swallow (v.) / throat |
*mlyəw-k
|
2130 |
1.3.5.6 |
Swallow |
sneeze / nose / swallow |
*s-brit
|
3400 |
1.3.5.6 |
Swallow |
swallow (v.) |
*tun
|
2260 |
1.3.5.7 |
Choke |
hawk / gag / choke |
*ha(ː)k
|
36 |
1.3.5.8 |
Eat/Devour |
eat / food / feed / rice |
*m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s
|
1707 |
1.3.5.8 |
Eat/Devour |
eat |
*ka-y/w/m
|
3414 |
1.3.5.8 |
Eat/Devour |
eat |
*h(w)a-k
|
5809 |
1.3.5.8 |
Eat/Devour |
taste |
*m-(r/y)aŋ
|
487 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
eat / drink |
*ʔam
|
1704 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
drink |
*hwap
|
1705 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
drink |
*m-l(i/u)(ŋ/k)
|
1713 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
drink |
*ʔ-wa
|
1714 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
drink |
*ʔuŋ
|
561 |
1.3.5.9 |
Drink |
drunk |
*yit
|
479 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*g/m-liŋ
|
255 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*tsiŋ
|
359 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
head / skull / neck |
*tuk ~ *twak
|
3361 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck / throat |
*gwaŋ
|
481 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*s/m-key-k
|
483 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck / waist |
*s-ŋwa(ŋ/k)
|
484 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck / throat |
*bran ~ *pwat
|
389 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck / nape |
*s/r-gwa-n
|
393 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
nape of neck |
*tsyak
|
3404 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*p(w)aŋ
|
485 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*g-n(y)a
|
3407 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*dwar
|
1277 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
ravine / valley |
*grawk
|
5650 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck |
*rim
|
5651 |
1.4.2 |
Neck |
neck / throat |
*ku
|
3344 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*baw
|
3343 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*t(w)a(ŋ/k)
|
570 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
carry / shoulder |
*ba-k
|
568 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*p(r)ak ~ *r-pak
|
563 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*m/p-lyaŋ
|
565 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*d(y/w)ar
|
3350 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*l/k-wak
|
3347 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*bal
|
3346 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*k(r)waŋ
|
3393 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder / carry on shoulder |
*k(w/y)an
|
3409 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*kyaŋ
|
3408 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*dway
|
6704 |
1.4.3 |
Shoulder |
shoulder |
*(t)swak
|
1214 |
1.4.4 |
Front |
front / before |
*səy
|
1213 |
1.4.4 |
Front |
front |
*s-rəy
|
1209 |
1.4.4 |
Front |
front / forehead |
*ka
|
1212 |
1.4.4 |
Front |
front / forehead |
*ti-ŋ
|
1210 |
1.4.4 |
Front |
front |
*maŋ
|
1255 |
1.4.4.2 |
Bosom/Lap |
chest / lap / bosom |
*(p/b)a(k/ŋ)
|
1193 |
1.4.4.2 |
Bosom/Lap |
lap / bosom |
*m-dum
|
560 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest / rib |
*k(r)u
|
288 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*b/g-raŋ
|
310 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*k(w)a
|
299 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*tsu-N
|
291 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest / rib |
*wa(m/p)
|
1276 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
cage |
*kruːŋ
|
289 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest / breast / rib |
*m-twa(k/ŋ)
|
3396 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*ru
|
3399 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest / rib |
*kywak
|
3373 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*tan
|
3376 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest / rib |
*tsyal
|
3377 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*ŋaN
|
3398 |
1.4.4.3 |
Chest |
chest |
*ki
|
554 |
1.4.4.4 |
Ribs/Ribcage |
rib / side |
*s-ri(p/m)
|
558 |
1.4.4.4 |
Ribs/Ribcage |
rib |
*s/b-ram
|
553 |
1.4.4.4 |
Ribs/Ribcage |
rib |
*s-nam
|
3379 |
1.4.4.4 |
Ribs/Ribcage |
rib |
*s-riŋ
|
1305 |
1.4.5 |
Sides |
side |
*pa(ŋ/k)
|
407 |
1.4.5 |
Sides |
edge / corner / side |
*z(u/i)r
|
594 |
1.4.5 |
Sides |
edge / side |
*m-dzya
|
215 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist |
*gyu-k ~ *dzyu-k
|
219 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / hips / buttocks / tail / back |
*k(w)a(ŋ/k)
|
223 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / lower back / loins |
*m-(t)syi(ŋ/k)
|
217 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / loins |
*krya(t/n)
|
1361 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / hips / lower back / buttocks / tail |
*d/s-pəy
|
220 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist |
*ru
|
1362 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
hips / waist / small of back / buttocks / tail |
*(d/t)am
|
1364 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
below / buttocks / lower back |
*hwaŋ
|
1373 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / belt / zone / flat expanse |
*s-daːy
|
222 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist |
*k/m-sya(ŋ/n)
|
221 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist / lower back / loins |
*kray
|
3368 |
1.4.6 |
Waist |
waist |
*pak
|
211 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back |
*k(r)aw ~ *k(y)aw
|
203 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back / behind / after |
*s-nu(ŋ/k)
|
209 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back / spine |
*g/b-liŋ ~ *g/b-lyaŋ
|
207 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back / kidney |
*m-k(y)un
|
1107 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back (lower) / buttocks |
*man
|
206 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back / body |
*(k/g)um
|
3322 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back (of body) |
*tu(k/ŋ)
|
3326 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back / bottom / under / behind |
*pa(ŋ/k)
|
3324 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back (body) |
*(l/n)am
|
3323 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back (body) |
*m-ruŋ
|
2827 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back (adv.) / back (body part) |
*kur
|
3329 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back |
*(p/b)al
|
3330 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
waist / back / buttock |
*paw
|
3391 |
1.4.8 |
Back |
back |
*ts(y)a
|
225 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
buttocks / hips / tail / lower back / loins |
*m-daŋ
|
201 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
back (lower) / kidney / load / carry |
*m-kal ~ *s-gal
|
213 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
back (lower) / loins |
*r-gyap
|
208 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
back (lower) |
*dzyaŋ
|
212 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
lower back / waist / loins |
*dal
|
214 |
1.4.8.1 |
Lower Back/Small of Back |
lower back / crotch |
*s-ha(k/ŋ)
|
3384 |
1.4.9 |
Loins/Groin |
groin |
*dak
|
3340 |
1.4.9 |
Loins/Groin |
waist / loins |
*m-tya(k/ŋ)
|
1278 |
1.4.9.1 |
Crotch/Fork |
fork / branch / crotch |
*s-ka(ː)k
|
1279 |
1.4.9.1 |
Crotch/Fork |
fork / branch / crotch / groin |
*kap
|
3341 |
1.4.9.1 |
Crotch/Fork |
groin / crotch |
*b-la
|
410 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips / buttocks / tail |
*m-(p/b)a
|
3334 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hip |
*tsyu(m/p)
|
406 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
backside / hips |
*s/m-ta
|
3352 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hip |
*na
|
404 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips / buttocks / tail / anus |
*(p/b)waŋ
|
413 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips / buttocks / anus |
*s-li
|
399 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips / buttocks |
*(p/b)laŋ
|
202 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
back (lower) / buttocks / hips |
*(k/g)yal
|
408 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
buttocks / anus / hips |
*g-raŋ ~ *k-laŋ
|
398 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips |
*m-pu
|
400 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips |
*pin
|
3357 |
1.4.9.2 |
Hips/Pelvis/Haunches |
hips |
*liŋ
|
265 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttocks / hips / rectum |
*pur
|
3331 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
tail / backside |
*m/b-gyu(ŋ/k)
|
411 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttocks / tail / back |
*mu(n/ŋ)
|
3333 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttocks / tail |
*swap
|
405 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttocks / anus |
*r-kup
|
3358 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttock |
*saŋ
|
3359 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
buttock |
*pat
|
3337 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
anus / buttock |
*s-mi
|
5639 |
1.4.10 |
Buttocks/Rump |
tail / buttocks / back |
*du
|
1288 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail / penis |
*r-may ~ *m-ray
|
5545 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail |
*r-mey
|
205 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail / back |
*r-ŋa
|
3332 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail |
*k-lyak
|
5547 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail |
*r-mi
|
5546 |
1.4.10.1 |
Tail |
tail |
*r-may
|
377 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / wing |
*lak ~ *C-yak
|
695 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand / limb |
*lak
|
696 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / armpit / tickle |
*yak
|
699 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand / arm / leaf |
*d-yak
|
700 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand |
*dak
|
702 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / cubit |
*g-yak
|
705 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm |
*p-yak
|
350 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
leg / foot |
*la
|
375 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
leg / foot |
*ya
|
888 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
foot |
*d-ya OR *g-ya
|
712 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand / fist / arm |
*k(r)u-t
|
739 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / wing |
*k(w)ay
|
373 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand |
*wul
|
751 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand |
*m-bi
|
770 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand |
*ri
|
725 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand / wrist / fin |
*g-wan
|
745 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / shoulder |
*ban
|
6118 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand |
*pow
|
240 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm (upper) / wing |
*k(w)aŋ
|
1327 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm (upper) / shoulder |
*pwaŋ
|
754 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / shoulder |
*pum
|
236 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm |
*m-brwaŋ
|
771 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm |
*dum
|
711 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / hand |
*dwaŋ
|
710 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
cubit |
*dwaŋ
|
753 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / wing |
*m/p/s-(l/d)ap
|
757 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / feather |
*lap
|
2077 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / flutter / eyelash / gill |
*s-lap
|
760 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / feather |
*p-(l/y)ap
|
756 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / feather |
*pap
|
758 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / feather |
*m-dap
|
720 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / hand / arm |
*g-raŋ
|
731 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / hand |
*g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ
|
735 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing |
*sya
|
737 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / hand / wing |
*s/k-la
|
742 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / hand |
*ka-t
|
713 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
hand / wing |
*kwar
|
709 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing |
*m-kiŋ
|
714 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / feather |
*m/s-pa
|
1228 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
feather / wing / hair (body) |
*s-pu
|
762 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
feather / wing |
*tir
|
768 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / arm / hand / finger |
*m/s-lam
|
741 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
wing / arm |
*kan
|
1603 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
bird / egg / wing / fowl |
*w(a/u)
|
707 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
plank / palm / flat surface / wing |
*(p/b)lyaŋ
|
769 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
arm / cubit |
*muː(k/ŋ)
|
1282 |
1.5.1 |
Hand, Arm, Wing |
clench / fist |
*tu(p/m)
|
1289 |
1.5.1.2.3 |
Underarm/Armpit |
armpit / tickle |
*g-li-k
|
336 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot / leg |
*r-k(y)aŋ
|
338 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot |
*r-kya-ŋ
|
342 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot |
*li
|
335 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot |
*krəy
|
349 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
leg / foot / hoof |
*bwal
|
343 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
leg / thigh / foot |
*pey
|
341 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot / leg |
*m-pa
|
344 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot |
*t(w)aŋ ~ *s-d(y)aŋ
|
5621 |
1.5.2 |
Foot |
foot |
*r-kwa(ŋ)
|
395 |
1.5.2.1 |
Heel |
heel |
*tsyu
|
394 |
1.5.2.1 |
Heel |
heel |
*r-ti(ŋ/n)
|
397 |
1.5.2.1 |
Heel |
heel |
*gwa-ŋ
|
417 |
1.5.4 |
Hoof/Paw |
hoof |
*s-k(w/r)a
|
5622 |
1.5.4 |
Hoof/Paw |
hoof |
*kru-k
|
821 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
leaf / leaflike part / flat object |
*r-pak
|
2085 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
leaf / leaflike part |
*rwak
|
786 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
leaf / tea / flat thing |
*s-la
|
824 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
leaf / leaflike part |
*s-lap
|
776 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
palm / sole |
*p(l)a-n ~ *p(w)a-n
|
772 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
palm / sole |
*dyaŋ
|
6217 |
1.5.5 |
Palm/Sole |
palm |
*m-ya
|
320 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*s-nyuŋ ~ *s-m-yuŋ ~ *s-m-yuw
|
331 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*(t)si
|
330 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*(t)s(y)ow
|
326 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*brya(p/m)
|
329 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*bra-n
|
328 |
1.5.6 |
Finger/Toe |
finger |
*b-ray
|
580 |
1.5.7.2 |
Shin/Tibia |
shin |
*ŋal
|
2254 |
1.5.7.2 |
Shin/Tibia |
edge / side / shin |
*r-guːŋ
|
582 |
1.5.7.2 |
Shin/Tibia |
shin |
*m-raŋ
|
418 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*tsik
|
306 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
elbow / knee |
*du-k
|
439 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
knee / elbow |
*tuŋ
|
422 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*krwak OR *krawk
|
426 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*swam
|
424 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*la
|
425 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*sa
|
419 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*rik
|
204 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint / wrist |
*s-hwal
|
420 |
1.5.8 |
Joint |
joint |
*myan
|
307 |
1.5.8.3 |
Elbow |
elbow / cubit |
*s-g(r)u
|
436 |
1.5.8.4 |
Knee |
knee |
*put-s ~ *pit-s
|
435 |
1.5.8.4 |
Knee |
knee |
*pu
|
1251 |
1.5.8.4 |
Knee |
knee / angle |
*m-kuː(k/ŋ)
|
437 |
1.5.8.4 |
Knee |
knee |
*s-gyi-t
|
2786 |
1.5.9.1 |
Right |
right (hand) |
*g-(y/r)a
|
2154 |
1.5.9.2 |
Left |
left (hand) |
*b(w)ay
|
5624 |
1.5.9.2 |
Left |
left (side) |
*kyay
|
1281 |
1.5.9.4 |
Span/Handspan |
handspan |
*m-twa
|
511 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*m-(t)sin
|
514 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*m-tsyal
|
515 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*m-tsyey
|
512 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*m-(t)syen
|
513 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*m-(y/r)in
|
416 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw / hoof |
*m(y)uk ~ *r-mi-k
|
507 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / cuticle |
*s-lyaŋ
|
510 |
1.5.10 |
Nail |
nail / claw |
*g(y)aŋ ~ *g(w)aŋ
|
415 |
1.5.10.4 |
Claw/Talon/Pincer |
claw / hoof |
*ki
|
506 |
1.5.10.4 |
Claw/Talon/Pincer |
claw |
*s-dyar
|
2003 |
1.5.10.4 |
Claw/Talon/Pincer |
cockspur / hoof |
*dak
|
6424 |
1.5.11 |
Numb/Paralyzed |
numb |
*pit
|
5685 |
1.5.11 |
Numb/Paralyzed |
numb |
*pir
|
5686 |
1.5.11 |
Numb/Paralyzed |
numb |
*g-zwəy
|
7094 |
1.5.11 |
Numb/Paralyzed |
numb / paralyzed |
*ti
|
6133 |
1.5.12 |
Lame/Limp |
lame / limp / askew |
*(p/b)aːy
|
363 |
1.6.1 |
Body Hair/Fur |
hair / fur / feather |
*s/r-mul ~ *s-mil ~ *s-myal
|
1429 |
1.6.1 |
Body Hair/Fur |
beard / facial hair / hair |
*s-mu-t
|
2058 |
1.6.1 |
Body Hair/Fur |
chin / beard |
*mum
|
750 |
1.6.1.1 |
Feather |
feather |
*s-grwa
|
230 |
1.6.2 |
Blood/Bleed |
blood |
*s-hywəy-t
|
5485 |
1.6.2 |
Blood/Bleed |
marrow |
*suy
|
231 |
1.6.2 |
Blood/Bleed |
blood / red |
*krak
|
232 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*s/m/g-rus
|
234 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*s-rus
|
233 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*g-rus
|
238 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone / skeleton |
*g-r(w/y)a(ŋ/k)
|
237 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*g-ra-t
|
241 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*g-du(ŋ)
|
1469 |
1.6.3 |
Bone |
bone |
*m-bwaŋ
|
459 |
1.6.3.5 |
Marrow |
marrow / brain |
*r-kliŋ ~ *r-klyaŋ
|
42 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat (v.a.) / omentum |
*tsow-s
|
48 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat (n.) / grease / oil |
*tsil
|
60 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat (n.) / grease / oil / sweat |
*saːw
|
50 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat / fatty (meat) |
*bu(r)
|
1437 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat / oil |
*tsut
|
1439 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*di
|
1443 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*s-n(u/a)m
|
1440 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat / oil |
*ku
|
1450 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*s-da
|
1441 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*mwa-ŋ
|
1451 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*puŋ
|
1444 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat / thick |
*dwam
|
1448 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
marrow / fat |
*ni
|
1438 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat / omentum |
*laŋ
|
1442 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*mi
|
1446 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*t(y)an
|
1447 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*s-l(a/u)p
|
1452 |
1.6.4 |
Fat/Be Fat |
fat |
*prəw
|
40 |
1.6.4.1 |
Oil/Grease |
oil / fat / grease |
*s-ryak
|
1470 |
1.6.4.1 |
Oil/Grease |
gold / yellow / butter / oil |
*s-mar
|
596 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*m/s-k-rəy
|
586 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
outer covering / skin / bark / rind |
*s/r-kawk ~ *s/r-kwak
|
593 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*kur ~ *kwar
|
591 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*pʷ(i/u)(l/n)
|
585 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin / outer covering |
*s-graw
|
448 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
lip / skin |
*d(y)al
|
783 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin / lip / scales (fish) / shell |
*kwap
|
5516 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
shell / shield |
*krap
|
589 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*kwa
|
562 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
scale (of fish or reptile) |
*s-lip
|
1454 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
scale (of fish or reptile) |
*syap
|
792 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*p(r/y)a
|
588 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*l-pak
|
590 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin / peel |
*p(y)ik
|
3000 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
strip off |
*bak
|
784 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
rind / shield / skin (n.) |
*pu
|
795 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin / outer surface |
*s-yam
|
781 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*ryaŋ
|
782 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*rik-s
|
595 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*s-lwa
|
598 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*s-lwap
|
592 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*m-bwat
|
790 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*tsəw
|
780 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*kwaŋ
|
785 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*taŋ OR *tuŋ
|
3611 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
skin |
*li(n/ŋ)
|
5899 |
1.6.5 |
Skin |
boil / cook |
*C-kwəl
|
2447 |
1.6.5.3 |
Skin Blemish/Freckle |
wen / mole |
*r/s-mya-n
|
1456 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
itch |
*g-ya
|
1457 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
itch |
*m-sak
|
1459 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
scratch / itch |
*pruk
|
1458 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
scratch |
*hyak ~ *hwak
|
6131 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
scratch / scrape |
*m-kryat
|
1462 |
1.6.5.5 |
Itch/Scratch |
scrape / rule (line) / scratch / itch / cut / carve |
*k(i/u)t
|
530 |
1.6.6 |
Obscure Internal Channels |
vein / sinew / internal channel / pulse |
*r-sa
|
535 |
1.6.6 |
Obscure Internal Channels |
obscure internal channel |
*graw
|
537 |
1.6.6 |
Obscure Internal Channels |
blood vessel / nerve / ligament |
*siŋ
|
538 |
1.6.6 |
Obscure Internal Channels |
obscure internal channel / sinew / nerve / muscle |
*tsyu
|
536 |
1.6.6.3 |
Nerve |
obscure internal channel / blood vessel / sinew / muscle |
*r-g-yuŋ
|
1857 |
1.6.6.4 |
Lymph |
swollen lymph nodes |
*gru
|
1858 |
1.6.6.4 |
Lymph |
swollen lymph nodes |
*bləy
|
689 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart / mind / brain |
*s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ
|
251 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
brain / heart / mind |
*s/k-niŋ
|
1385 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart / mind |
*s/k-nik
|
297 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart / breast / chest / rib |
*s-ni
|
1387 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart / liver |
*s-diŋ
|
1392 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart |
*(m/b)waŋ
|
1382 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
heart / liver |
*trwa
|
1388 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
temperament / heart / talent / resources |
*(t)saːy ~ *(d)zaːy
|
1384 |
1.7.1 |
Heart |
guts / belly / vital organ |
*ma(k/ŋ)
|
457 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*tsywap
|
5481 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*p-wap
|
5482 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*s-wap
|
5738 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*s-map
|
2121 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*g-lwa-p
|
458 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*ts(u/i)-t
|
5737 |
1.7.2 |
Lung |
lung |
*pwar
|
1390 |
1.7.3 |
Liver |
liver / heart / bile / bitter |
*m-sin
|
229 |
1.7.3.1 |
Gall/Bile |
bitter / salty / bile / liver |
*b-ka-n/m/ŋ
|
227 |
1.7.3.1 |
Gall/Bile |
gall (bladder) / bile / sour |
*m/s-kri(y)-s
|
228 |
1.7.3.1 |
Gall/Bile |
gall / bile |
*ki(ŋ/k)
|
2101 |
1.7.3.1 |
Gall/Bile |
bile / gall |
*m(u/i)t
|
1325 |
1.7.4 |
Spleen |
spleen |
*r-(p/b)al
|
1320 |
1.7.4 |
Spleen |
spleen |
*lim
|
1326 |
1.7.4 |
Spleen |
kidney |
*kyak
|
91 |
1.7.4 |
Spleen |
spleen |
*r-pay
|
2812 |
1.7.4 |
Spleen |
spleen / kidney |
*g-la
|
1243 |
1.7.5 |
Kidney |
buttocks / hips / fleshy part / waist / back |
*m-di
|
2120 |
1.7.5 |
Kidney |
kidney |
*pi(l/r)
|
6723 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach / cave |
*d-(p/b)u-k
|
2104 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach |
*pʷik
|
2106 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach |
*wuk
|
164 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / vitals / hollow object / cave |
*d-puːk
|
2103 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach / intestine / kidney |
*pʷu
|
2102 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach / intestine / kidney |
*wu
|
2111 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / center |
*pwa(ŋ/n)
|
2112 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
belly / stomach / intestines |
*(g/b)rwat
|
2123 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
stomach |
*k(w)a
|
2125 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
stomach |
*kri
|
3460 |
1.7.6 |
Stomach |
stomach / internal organ |
*laŋ
|
2116 |
1.7.7 |
Intestines/Bowels/Guts |
guts |
*r-gyu-ŋ
|
2117 |
1.7.7 |
Intestines/Bowels/Guts |
large intestine (colon) |
*g/m-yaŋ
|
2127 |
1.7.7 |
Intestines/Bowels/Guts |
intestines / bowels / belly / stomach |
*riːl
|
778 |
1.7.8 |
Bladder |
urinary bladder |
*(b/p)wa(ŋ/k)
|
777 |
1.7.8 |
Bladder |
urinary bladder |
*(p/b)um
|
779 |
1.7.8 |
Bladder |
urinary bladder / kidney |
*(p/b)u
|
610 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*s/k-lan
|
611 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*s-la(p/t)
|
797 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*g-l(y)am
|
615 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*s-(k/ŋ)rul
|
800 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*bəw
|
801 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*s-ŋar
|
619 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*maŋ
|
616 |
1.8.1 |
Sweat/Perspire |
sweat |
*m/s-nam
|
1318 |
1.8.2 |
Snot/Nasal Mucus |
snot |
*s-nak
|
805 |
1.8.2 |
Snot/Nasal Mucus |
snot / nasal mucus |
*s-nap
|
2131 |
1.8.2.1 |
Sneeze |
sneeze |
*(h/k)a-t(s)ik
|
1784 |
1.8.2.2 |
Snore |
snore / breathe heavily |
*s-ŋwar
|
1785 |
1.8.2.2 |
Snore |
snore |
*hal
|
600 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*m-ts(y/r)il
|
601 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*m/s-tuːk
|
607 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*p-lay
|
606 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*m-tyur
|
603 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*m/s-twa
|
605 |
1.8.3 |
Spit/Saliva |
spit |
*tyat
|
540 |
1.8.3.1 |
Phlegm |
phlegm / sputum / mucus |
*k(r)aːk
|
543 |
1.8.3.1 |
Phlegm |
phlegm |
*nir
|
539 |
1.8.3.1 |
Phlegm |
phlegm / saliva |
*kan
|
541 |
1.8.3.1 |
Phlegm |
phlegm |
*har
|
1145 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
vomit |
*m-p(r)ats
|
1796 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
nauseated / vomit |
*wan
|
1749 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
vomit |
*ʔaw
|
1782 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
spit / vomit |
*mwa ~ *mya-n
|
1783 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
vomit |
*m/s-lwa-k
|
5697 |
1.8.3.2 |
Vomit |
vomit |
*m-ruy
|
1794 |
1.8.3.3 |
Cough |
cough |
*suk
|
1795 |
1.8.3.3 |
Cough |
cough |
*kwak
|
5468 |
1.8.3.3 |
Cough |
cough |
*səw-t
|
3443 |
1.8.3.5 |
Hiccup |
hiccough / belch |
*ʔik
|
650 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urine / urinate |
*g-ts(y)i-t/n
|
652 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urine |
*tsyar
|
654 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urine |
*r-tsam
|
656 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urine |
*kum
|
1731 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urine |
*C-raŋ
|
7772 |
1.8.4 |
Urine/Piss |
urinate / urine |
*yu(ŋ/n)
|
572 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
body dirt / excrement |
*kləy
|
576 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
shit / feces / dung / excrement |
*ya(k)
|
575 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
shit / excrement / filth / bowels |
*baːl
|
2151 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
dung |
*s-baŋ
|
1655 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
shit / filth / excrement / rust / blight |
*g/b-syaŋ
|
578 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
shit |
*l(y)(u/i)t
|
577 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
shit / excrement |
*r/s-kya(k/ŋ)
|
6056 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
excrement |
*brun
|
2520 |
1.8.5 |
Feces/Shit/Dung/Filth/Excrement |
filth(y) / excrement |
*s-nyak
|
316 |
1.8.5.2 |
Fart |
fart / anus |
*(p/b)u
|
311 |
1.8.5.2 |
Fart |
fart / shit |
*pya-n/t/s
|
3553 |
1.8.5.2 |
Fart |
fart |
*woy
|
1294 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*s-naːy
|
1296 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
rot / pus |
*tswəy
|
1290 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*syu(p/t)
|
1297 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*(s/r)nak
|
1293 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*s-bu
|
1298 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*ʔum
|
1292 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus / boil |
*m-blyan
|
1709 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
pus |
*nuŋ
|
2607 |
1.8.6.1 |
Pus/Gleet |
rotten / pus / gleet / filth / stench |
*d-ri-k
|
1788 |
1.8.6.2 |
Abscess/Ulcer |
wound / scar / injury / nettle |
*r-ma-t
|
1753 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
speak |
*s-br(w)a(ŋ/k)
|
1755 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
speak, say |
*b-tsyat
|
1757 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
talk / speak |
*g-(t/d)am
|
279 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
language |
*rey
|
5865 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
say / talk / tell |
*b-s-la-s ~ *la-p
|
5393 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
speak / word |
*grwas
|
5596 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
word / language / speech / sound |
*(g/k)laŋ
|
1754 |
1.8.7 |
Speak/Say/Tell |
word / speech / language |
*ka
|
1752 |
1.8.7.1 |
Mute/Dumb |
mute / dumb / stupid |
*m-ʔa
|
1789 |
1.8.7.1 |
Mute/Dumb |
mute / dumb |
*l-kuk
|
1105 |
1.8.8.1 |
Laugh/Smile |
laugh |
*m-nwi(y)-k
|
1108 |
1.8.8.1 |
Laugh/Smile |
laugh |
*s-r(y)a-y/s/t
|
1142 |
1.8.8.1 |
Laugh/Smile |
laugh |
*ŋ(y)il
|
1780 |
1.8.8.1 |
Laugh/Smile |
laugh |
*s(y)aw
|
1116 |
1.8.8.1 |
Laugh/Smile |
laugh |
*b/d/r-gwat
|
1103 |
1.8.8.2 |
Cry/Weep |
weep |
*krap
|
1104 |
1.8.8.2 |
Cry/Weep |
weep |
*ŋəw
|
1781 |
1.8.8.2 |
Cry/Weep |
weep |
*kwar
|
5588 |
1.8.8.2 |
Cry/Weep |
weep / wail |
*kuːk
|
3418 |
1.8.8.4 |
Whistle |
whistle |
*s-yu(s/y)
|
1168 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / bird / round object |
*pʷu
|
301 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / bird |
*ʔu
|
1654 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg |
*pu
|
1275 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
ball / egg / round object |
*pu
|
300 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / testicle |
*d(w)əy
|
1181 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / testicle |
*d(i/u)l
|
1609 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg |
*m/s-tow
|
3436 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg |
*dz(y)u
|
3438 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg |
*(r/l)um
|
1607 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg |
*si(r/t)
|
305 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / testicle |
*s/r-gwa-ŋ
|
1610 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / hatch |
*s-ŋa
|
646 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / testicle |
*t-lam
|
3437 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / testicle |
*k(r/w)ak
|
304 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / sit on eggs / hatch / testicle |
*pʷum
|
3487 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
break out / break off / hatch |
*(p/b)ay
|
1234 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
hatch / brood on eggs / sit on |
*s-mu
|
3488 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
hatch (egg) |
*(p/b)uk
|
3434 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
hatch / lay egg |
*ʔa
|
1172 |
1.9.1 |
Egg |
egg / nit |
*s-row
|
70 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / birth |
*braŋ
|
97 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / birth / rear |
*hu
|
1811 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / birth / bud / bloom |
*ʔ-bu ~ *pu
|
95 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / give birth |
*s-kya-y
|
1863 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
bear a child / born |
*b-na
|
1813 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
give birth / conceive / create |
*mun
|
1865 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
rear / bear (child) |
*g-sow
|
1864 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
give birth |
*naŋ
|
3480 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / give birth |
*(p/b)(i/u)k
|
3482 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
give birth |
*wat
|
3484 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
give birth |
*ra
|
3485 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
give birth |
*sut
|
92 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
born / breath / life |
*(k/g)ak
|
90 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
small / inferior / offspring |
*m/s-ŋa-y
|
20 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
live / alive / born / give birth / green / sprout |
*kruŋ
|
71 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
live / alive / green / raw / give birth |
*s-riŋ ~ *s-r(y)aŋ
|
4135 |
1.9.2 |
Birth |
carry (close to the body) / be pregnant |
*pay
|
518 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel |
*m/s-la(ː)y ~ *s-tay
|
517 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / center / self |
*m/s-la(ː)y
|
519 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / abdomen / center / self |
*s-tay
|
525 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / umbilical cord / rope |
*kyak
|
520 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / umbilical cord |
*du
|
529 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel |
*nin
|
3584 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
middle / center / inside / navel |
*(t/d)uŋ ~ *ts(y)uːŋ
|
3447 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
middle / navel |
*(t/d)uŋ ~ *(t/d)waŋ
|
1628 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / center |
*ts(y)uːŋ
|
526 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel |
*(t)sum
|
528 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel / umbilical cord |
*bryam ~ *brim
|
527 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
navel |
*br(w)ak
|
659 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
cord / umbilical cord / navel |
*zu
|
1629 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
string / strap / belt |
*bi
|
3497 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
cord / string |
*r(u/i)p
|
533 |
1.9.3 |
Navel |
obscure internal channel / cord / string / creeper / cane / rattan |
*rey ~ *s-rwi(y)
|
5536 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suck / kiss / breast / milk |
*dz(y)wap ~ *ts(y)wap
|
5541 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suck / kiss / breast / milk |
*m-ts(y)(u/i)p
|
5537 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suck / kiss / breast / milk |
*dzyut
|
5540 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suck / kiss / breast / milk |
*tsyuk ~ *dzyuk
|
5539 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suck / kiss / breast / milk |
*dzy(ə/o)w
|
3585 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk / suck |
*s-nəw(-)
|
253 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk / suck |
*s-nəw
|
3586 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk / suck |
*s-nəw(t/n)
|
259 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk |
*s-nəw(k/ŋ)
|
254 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk / suck |
*s-nya-n
|
3459 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / nipple / milk |
*pa
|
3450 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
kiss / suck / suckle |
*m-pup ~ *pip
|
3461 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk |
*m-bawŋ
|
3457 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast |
*mam
|
3462 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / suck / drink |
*s(y)awk
|
3458 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast |
*s-lwaŋ
|
3464 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
suckle / milk / breast |
*wa
|
3374 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / milk |
*kwam
|
3463 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
breast / chest |
*b(y)at
|
3465 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
wring / squeeze |
*tsyir ~ *tsyuːr
|
502 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
drink / suckle |
*m/s-tuŋ
|
3451 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
hold in mouth / chew / eat / kiss |
*m-ʔum ~ *mum
|
3452 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
kiss / suck |
*dum
|
276 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
rounded part / nipple / forehead / shoulder |
*(p/b)i
|
1787 |
1.9.4 |
Breast |
break / wean |
*(p/b)rat
|
661 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina / vulva |
*s-tu
|
3589 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vulva / vagina / mouth / lip |
*dzyuk ~ *tsyuk
|
1356 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vulva |
*dzyuk ~ *tsyuk
|
478 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
mouth / lip |
*tsyuk
|
1349 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*si(ŋ/k)
|
686 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
mouth / lip |
*si(ŋ/k)
|
667 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina / clitoris / mouth / lip |
*tsyin
|
662 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*b(y)at
|
664 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*(h/k)ay
|
1354 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina / copulate |
*tsya
|
1616 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*li-n
|
668 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*pu
|
3430 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina / copulate |
*tsyum
|
3429 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina |
*wyan
|
3431 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
vagina / clitoris |
*syaŋ
|
1626 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
clitoris |
*tsaŋ
|
1352 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
clitoris / vagina |
*s/m-ti
|
3432 |
1.9.5 |
Vagina |
hole |
*huŋ
|
670 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta |
*s-b-rum
|
680 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta |
*s-lam
|
674 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / belly / stomach / nest |
*pʷam
|
2108 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
belly / womb / placenta / nest |
*wam
|
673 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / nest |
*pam
|
137 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
belly / stomach / waist |
*pʷam
|
3444 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / nest |
*mam
|
677 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / pregnant |
*(b/p)a(ː)y
|
675 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta |
*m/l-ŋal
|
679 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / nest |
*tsat
|
1733 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / womb / placenta |
*r/m-bu ~ *pru
|
1615 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / womb / placenta |
*tsaŋ
|
1632 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / uterus / amniotic sac |
*r-ku ~ *kru
|
1651 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
womb / placenta / umbilical cord |
*tsyul ~ *tsywal
|
3445 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / womb |
*twaŋ
|
1613 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / womb / scrotum |
*(t)s(i/u)p
|
1611 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
nest / womb / placenta |
*kʷəy
|
672 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
uterus / placenta / cradle / nest |
*k-yaŋ
|
471 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
mouth / vessel / womb |
*s-nwat ~ *s-nut
|
1612 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
house |
*k-y(i/u)m
|
1647 |
1.9.6 |
Womb |
copulate / love |
*lyap ~ *rap
|
1285 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*m-(l/n)ey ~ *m-li
|
1284 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*m-ley ~ *m-li
|
545 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*m-ney
|
1283 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis / testicle / stinger (of bee) |
*m-yaŋ
|
3420 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*k-tu-k
|
3423 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*tsu
|
641 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*ti-k
|
1601 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*dzi
|
3425 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*m-bay
|
3426 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis |
*pwat
|
3492 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
scrotum |
*pwak
|
3421 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis / clitoris / long |
*tyaŋ
|
547 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
son-in-law / genitals / penis / male / vagina |
*maːk
|
548 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis / copulate |
*s-nyak ~ *s-nik
|
1638 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis / male / husband |
*b/m-laŋ
|
1637 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
penis / male |
*gaŋ
|
1640 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
male / penis |
*s-kyu
|
642 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
testicles / penis / virility / semen |
*səw-t
|
1286 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
testicle / egg / penis |
*r-lik
|
3439 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
testicle / egg |
*syan
|
3471 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
scrotum / pouch / male (of animals) |
*s-blwaŋ
|
685 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
seed / testicle / round object |
*s-mu
|
3559 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
seed / testicle / round object |
*dzəy
|
1110 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
ball / egg / testicle / eyeball |
*ka
|
1617 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
pouch / basket / scrotum |
*kuk
|
643 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
bag / scrotum |
*ʔip ~ *ʔiːt
|
1624 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
male |
*la
|
796 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
forepart / foreskin |
*m-(t/d)un
|
3590 |
1.9.7 |
Penis |
round object / seed / nut / testicle |
*tsyaŋ
|
1160 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / make love / love / gentle |
*ŋ-(w)aːy
|
1646 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / love / want |
*r/m/d/s-ga
|
1643 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
love |
*m-dza-k
|
1645 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
love / copulate |
*kri(k/ŋ)
|
1154 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate |
*ləw-k
|
3476 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
love / desire / want |
*duk ~ *tu
|
3470 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate |
*ywa
|
3475 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
love / desire / copulate |
*yaŋ
|
3473 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / connect |
*m-brel
|
1359 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / love / womb |
*m-ba(k/ŋ)
|
3494 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / love |
*(t)si
|
3472 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
copulate / love |
*la
|
3477 |
1.9.8 |
Copulate |
love |
*saw
|
1614 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
semen |
*(r/w)a
|
1627 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
semen |
*ŋya
|
1631 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
water / liquid / body fluid |
*tsyu
|
298 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
water / fluid / liquid / river / soak / spit |
*m-t(w)əy-n ~ *m-ti-s
|
188 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
semen / body fluid |
*ku
|
1013 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
water / liquid / bodily fluid |
*rəy
|
191 |
1.9.9 |
Body Fluids |
water / fluid / river / valley |
*laŋ
|
1155 |
1.9.10 |
Genitals/Pudenda |
mark / badge / genitals |
*m-tsan
|
1618 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
female / girl / feminine suffix |
*mi
|
1619 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
female / mother / principal part / feminine suffix |
*ma
|
1623 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
mother / female |
*k/m-na
|
1621 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
female / mother |
*n(y)u
|
1620 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
woman / female relative / feminine suffix |
*mow
|
5493 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
female / daughter |
*la(ː)
|
6134 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
mother / grandmother / maternal aunt |
*(y/ʔ)ay
|
5595 |
1.9.12 |
Female |
woman |
*nya-ŋ/k
|
1634 |
1.9.13 |
Male |
male / father / 3p pronoun |
*p/ba
|
1635 |
1.9.13 |
Male |
male / masculine suffix |
*pu
|
1383 |
1.10 |
Mind |
heart / liver / mind |
*m/b-yit
|
2630 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
rat |
*rwak
|
2663 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
squirrel / weasel |
*s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ)
|
2186 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
rat (bamboo rat) |
*bwəy
|
2796 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
rat / rabbit / hare |
*b-yəw-n
|
7427 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
porcupine (brush-tailed~) |
*s-byak
|
5429 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
porcupine / hedgehog |
*s-blu
|
5910 |
2.1.1 |
Rodents |
squirrel / weasel |
*C-ra(t)
|
2538 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
cattle |
*ŋwa
|
3318 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
ox / bullock / elephant |
*glaŋ
|
2427 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
buffalo |
*lwaːy
|
2170 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
wild yak / buffalo |
*brawŋ
|
5607 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
cattle |
*muk
|
5830 |
2.1.2 |
Bovine |
yak (female) |
*(b/g)rəy
|
2618 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
cat / wildcat / tiger |
*m/s-rwaŋ
|
2805 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
leopard |
*g-zik
|
2308 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
tiger |
*d-k(e/ə)y
|
6090 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
tiger |
*pa
|
5560 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
tiger |
*k-la
|
5702 |
2.1.3 |
Feline |
tiger |
*kwaŋ
|
5356 |
2.1.4 |
Lagomorphs |
rabbit / hare |
*tow-la
|
6072 |
2.1.4 |
Lagomorphs |
donkey / ass / mule |
*la
|
3629 |
2.1.5 |
Dragon |
dragon / thunder |
*m-bru(ŋ/k)
|
5604 |
2.1.6 |
Reptiles and Amphibians |
turtle / tortoise |
*k-lip
|
2178 |
2.1.6.1 |
Snake |
insect / snake / vermin / bug |
*bəw
|
6112 |
2.1.6.1 |
Snake |
python |
*g-lya(ŋ/k)
|
2623 |
2.1.6.1 |
Snake |
snake |
*s-b/m-ruːl
|
3504 |
2.1.6.1 |
Snake |
snake |
*hwam
|
2148 |
2.1.6.2 |
Frog/Toad |
frog |
*s-bal
|
645 |
2.1.6.2 |
Frog/Toad |
frog |
*t(u/i)k
|
2574 |
2.1.6.2 |
Frog/Toad |
toad |
*prwak
|
2653 |
2.1.6.3 |
Lizard |
lizard |
*r-saŋ
|
6104 |
2.1.6.3 |
Lizard |
lizard |
*g-riŋ
|
6105 |
2.1.6.3 |
Lizard |
lizard |
*kwa(k/ŋ)
|
6111 |
2.1.6.3 |
Lizard |
lizard |
*ki(ŋ/k)
|
1431 |
2.1.7 |
Equine |
horse |
*s/m-raŋ
|
5 |
2.1.7 |
Equine |
horse |
*r-ta
|
1432 |
2.1.7 |
Equine |
donkey / ass / rabbit |
*(b/g)waŋ
|
6087 |
2.1.7 |
Equine |
mule |
*ts(y/r)i
|
1226 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat / beard / goatee / yak-hair |
*r-tsit
|
2306 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*(k/g)yal
|
6027 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
sheep |
*luk
|
6028 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
sheep / yak |
*g-ya(k/ŋ)
|
6029 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*d-ŋwa
|
6031 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*ra
|
6032 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
mountain goat / goat antelope / serow |
*hya
|
1003 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*buŋ
|
6033 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*bi-ŋ
|
6034 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
sheep |
*s-gu
|
6037 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*nyu
|
6038 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
kid / sheep |
*ri-k
|
6080 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
sheep |
*səw
|
4769 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
goat |
*mey
|
5602 |
2.1.8 |
Ovine and Hircine |
sheep / goat |
*tu
|
2462 |
2.1.9 |
Simian |
monkey |
*m(y/r)uk
|
2782 |
2.1.9 |
Simian |
monkey |
*b/g-woy-n
|
6049 |
2.1.9 |
Simian |
monkey |
*ywaŋ
|
2529 |
2.1.9 |
Simian |
ape / monkey |
*ŋaːw
|
1606 |
2.1.10 |
Fowl (i.e. Domestic Birds) |
fowl / chicken |
*k-rak
|
1604 |
2.1.10 |
Fowl (i.e. Domestic Birds) |
bird |
*daw
|
1600 |
2.1.10 |
Fowl (i.e. Domestic Birds) |
bird / fowl / chicken |
*haːr
|
5568 |
2.1.10 |
Fowl (i.e. Domestic Birds) |
chicken |
*kak
|
2527 |
2.1.10 |
Fowl (i.e. Domestic Birds) |
goose |
*ŋa-n
|
1764 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
dog |
*d-kʷəy-n
|
6026 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
dog |
*na
|
6053 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
wild dog / jackal / dhole / wolf |
*s-k-ywal
|
2255 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
fox |
*gwa
|
6051 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
wild dog |
*s-pjaŋ
|
6043 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
wild dog / wolf |
*m-par ~ *pra
|
999 |
2.1.11 |
Canine |
(residue for dog) |
-
|
2571 |
2.1.11.1 |
Bark (of dog) |
bark (as dog) |
*priŋ ~ *b-riŋ
|
2765 |
2.1.11.1 |
Bark (of dog) |
howl / whine / bark |
*wu
|
1790 |
2.1.11.1 |
Bark (of dog) |
bark (v.) |
*laŋ
|
6092 |
2.1.11.1 |
Bark (of dog) |
bark (v.) |
*haw(ŋ/k)
|
1792 |
2.1.11.1 |
Bark (of dog) |
bark (v.) |
*zu(k/ŋ)
|
1006 |
2.1.12 |
Porcine |
pig |
*pʷak
|
2257 |
2.2.1 |
Pachyderms |
elephant |
*m-gwi(y)
|
3317 |
2.2.1 |
Pachyderms |
elephant |
*s-ya
|
123 |
2.2.1 |
Pachyderms |
rhinoceros |
*b-sey
|
2739 |
2.2.2 |
Cervidae |
antelope / sambar deer |
*tswat
|
2313 |
2.2.2 |
Cervidae |
barking deer / deer |
*d-kəy
|
2794 |
2.2.2 |
Cervidae |
deer (sambhur/sambar) |
*d-yuk
|
2777 |
2.2.3 |
Ursine |
bear (animal) |
*d-wam
|
3442 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
bird |
*s-ŋak
|
2187 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
bird / bee |
*b(y/r)a
|
2279 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
crow (n.) |
*ka-n
|
2346 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
dove / pigeon |
*m-k(r)əw
|
2471 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
eagle, hawk |
*s-məw
|
2393 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
falcon, vulture, eagle, kite, hawk, bird of prey |
*g-la(ŋ/k)
|
3523 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
hawk |
*hwar
|
2219 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
hawk / kite |
*dzwan
|
2251 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
owl |
*(g/k)u
|
2200 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
peacock |
*m-dwaŋ
|
2610 |
2.2.4 |
Birds (in general) |
pheasant / partridge |
*s-rik ~ *s-ryak
|
7416 |
2.2.4.1 |
Particular birds |
parrot / parakeet |
*gyəy
|
5413 |
2.2.4.1 |
Particular birds |
sparrow |
*m-tsa
|
245 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
crab |
*d-k(y)aːy ~ *d-k(y)an
|
2304 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
crab |
*d-k(y)aːy
|
1455 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
fish |
*s-ŋya
|
2340 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
shellfish |
*kroy
|
6106 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
snail |
*bwap
|
6107 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
snail |
*k-ru ~ *k-rwa
|
6109 |
2.2.5 |
Fish and Mollusks |
snail |
*nyu
|
355 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
butterfly |
*pur ~ *pwar
|
357 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
butterfly |
*pur
|
360 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
butterfly |
*pwar
|
2631 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
ant |
*k/p/s-rwak
|
2370 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
bee (dammer) |
*k/gwaːy ~ *k/gwa
|
2778 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
bee / honey |
*was
|
302 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
bee / wasp |
*plyum
|
2331 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
bug / ant / insect (lac) / cochineal |
*s-kryap
|
2414 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
flea |
*s-ləy
|
2706 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
fly (n.) |
*m-tow
|
2788 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
fly (n.) / bee |
*s-b-(r/y)aŋ
|
2303 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
grasshopper / locust |
*kaw
|
2212 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
insect / bug |
*dyuŋ
|
2555 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
leech |
*k-r-pʷat
|
2408 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
leech (water-, horse-) |
*m-liːt
|
2609 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
louse |
*s-r(y)ik
|
2652 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
louse |
*s(y)ar
|
5432 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
maggot / butterfly |
*s-lu(k/ŋ)
|
2328 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
mosquito |
*kraŋ
|
2197 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
scorpion / crab / shrimp |
*s-diːk
|
5681 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
spider |
*m-gu
|
5400 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
spider / spin / spindle |
*k(w)aŋ ~ *pʷaŋ
|
2808 |
2.2.6 |
Insects, Arachnids, and Worms |
worm |
*zril
|
2146 |
2.2.7 |
Other Mammals |
bat (animal) |
*baːk
|
5635 |
2.2.7 |
Other Mammals |
camel |
*rŋa-mwaŋ
|
2595 |
2.2.7.1 |
Otter |
otter |
*sram
|
5909 |
2.2.7.1 |
Otter |
otter |
*phyam
|
6069 |
2.3 |
Associated Animal Terms |
bit (for horse) |
*s-rap
|
2250 |
2.4 |
Other Verbs Pertaining to Animals |
crow / howl / screech / scream |
*groy
|
2783 |
2.4 |
Other Verbs Pertaining to Animals |
tend (grazing animals) / watch over |
*w(u/i)l
|
6123 |
3.1 |
Plants |
plant (n.) / tree |
*dziŋ
|
314 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
birch |
*grwa
|
2620 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
pine / fir |
*m/s-r(a/o)w
|
2690 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
pine / fir |
*taŋ
|
2611 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
rattan / cane |
*ri(ː)m
|
2658 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
tree / wood / firewood |
*si(ŋ/k)
|
5593 |
3.1.1 |
Names of trees and shrubs |
willow / poplar |
*glaŋ
|
2549 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
bamboo |
*r/g/s-pʷa
|
5664 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
bamboo |
*ma
|
2477 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
cane / sprout |
*s-m(y)ik
|
3605 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
ear / spike of grain |
*s-nam
|
3566 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
fern / bracken |
*m-da
|
647 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
ginger |
*kyaŋ
|
2585 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
husks / shavings / chaff |
*pwaːy
|
5360 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
indigo |
*g-ram
|
2176 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
root / stump / tree |
*(b/p)ul
|
5779 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
log / hunk of wood / section of something long |
*tum ~ *dum
|
2358 |
3.1.2 |
Plant parts and types |
tree / branch / stem |
*kuːŋ
|
402 |
3.1.3 |
Leaves |
leaf |
*s-nas
|
293 |
3.1.3 |
Leaves |
leaf / paper |
*lay
|
5856 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
barley (highland / tibetan) |
*nas
|
2153 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
bloom / flower |
*baːr
|
5857 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
buckwheat |
*bra
|
2467 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
bud |
*muːm
|
2458 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
bud / blossom / blossoming |
*r-moy
|
2185 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
flower |
*b/s-wat
|
2463 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
grain / seed / lineage |
*(m/b)rəw
|
5904 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
maize |
*m-b(r)awŋ
|
5867 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
millet / rice |
*khrəy
|
2155 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
pea / bean / small weight or coin |
*bay
|
2179 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
rice |
*bu
|
5817 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
rice / grain (crop) |
*kuk
|
2445 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
rice / paddy |
*ma-y ~ *mey
|
3560 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
seed |
*li
|
3561 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
seed |
*yəw
|
2487 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
sesame |
*s-nam
|
5858 |
3.1.4 |
Seeds and flowers, nuts |
wheat / buckwheat |
*m-grwa
|
141 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
onion |
*b-tsuŋ
|
5494 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
onion / garlic |
*swa-n
|
5598 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
yam / taro |
*m-n(w)ay
|
2526 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
plantain / banana |
*s-ŋak
|
2381 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
yam |
*kywəy
|
2592 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
taro / yam / tuber |
*g/s-rwa
|
166 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
pumpkin / gourd |
*maːy
|
6950 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
banana |
*mow-t
|
5853 |
3.1.5 |
Fruits and vegetables |
garlic / onion / chive |
*s-g(r)aw-k
|
5375 |
3.1.6 |
Extracts and processed forms |
vegetable |
*r-tsaːl
|
3531 |
3.1.6 |
Extracts and processed forms |
curry / vegetable dish |
*h(y)an
|
3527 |
3.1.6 |
Extracts and processed forms |
rice / curry |
*h(w)aŋ
|
2798 |
3.1.6.3 |
Juices, beers, etc. |
liquor |
*yəw
|
5638 |
3.1.6.3 |
Juices, beers, etc. |
liquor |
*m-dzəy
|
2202 |
3.1.6.3 |
Juices, beers, etc. |
poison |
*(d/t)uk
|
3555 |
3.1.6.3 |
Juices, beers, etc. |
poison |
*pʷu
|
3328 |
3.1.7 |
Fungi |
mushroom / fungus |
*g-r(u/i)n
|
2472 |
3.1.7 |
Fungi |
mushroom / fungus |
*g/s-məw
|
666 |
3.1.8 |
Other wild plants |
grass |
*r-tswa-n
|
5642 |
3.1.8 |
Other wild plants |
grass |
*s-yəy
|
2460 |
3.1.8 |
Other wild plants |
grass / weeds |
*m(r)(u/a)k
|
2417 |
3.1.9 |
Vegetative/Agricultural activity |
field |
*low
|
5837 |
3.1.9 |
Vegetative/Agricultural activity |
field / plain |
*C-ta(m/p)
|
5836 |
3.1.9 |
Vegetative/Agricultural activity |
plain / flatland |
*thaŋ
|
5672 |
3.1.9 |
Vegetative/Agricultural activity |
plant (v.) / paddy field |
*di
|
5384 |
3.1.10 |
Verbs involving plants |
plant |
*(g/k)ay
|
2449 |
3.1.10 |
Verbs involving plants |
ripe / cooked / delicious |
*s-min
|
5407 |
3.1.10 |
Verbs involving plants |
rot / spotted / write |
*m-bup
|
3529 |
3.1.10 |
Verbs involving plants |
wither / fade |
*hwaːy
|
2473 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
sky / heavens / clouds |
*r-məw
|
5558 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
thunderbolt / lightning |
*glyaːk
|
5656 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
cloud |
*s-dim
|
4758 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
cloud / fog |
*mway
|
2374 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
cold / snow / ice |
*kyam
|
59 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
dew |
*(d)zil
|
2465 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
foggy / dark / sullen / menacing / thunder |
*muːŋ ~ *r/s-muːk
|
5898 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
freeze / snow |
*r-p(w)am
|
3565 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
frost / ice |
*s-ŋar
|
2638 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
hail |
*ryal
|
671 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
hail / sleet |
*syar
|
5897 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
ice / snow |
*m-ka(ŋ)
|
352 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
lightning / flash / glitter / butterfly |
*s-lyap
|
3571 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rain |
*m/s-raŋ
|
5902 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rain (n.) |
*tshyar
|
6000 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*m-dzya
|
6002 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*twaŋ
|
6003 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*laŋ
|
6004 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*si
|
6006 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*s/m-kwa
|
6007 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*dzyaŋ
|
6009 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*du(n)
|
6011 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*sa(k/ŋ)
|
6013 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*kam
|
6014 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainbow |
*s-la
|
5448 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
rainy season |
*zuːr
|
3554 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
snow / ice / frost / hail |
*s-pʷal
|
2412 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
wind (n.) |
*g-ləy
|
6128 |
3.2.1 |
Weather and seasons |
wind (n.) |
*buŋ
|
85 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
sun / day / dwell |
*s-nəy
|
1016 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
moon / month |
*s/g-la
|
3574 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
scatter / sow / dispersed widely / wide / star |
*g(r/l)aːy
|
2484 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
sun / sky |
*g-nam
|
2300 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
star |
*s-kar
|
697 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
heavens / sky / sun |
*m-ka-n
|
3577 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
star / moon |
*s-ŋʷ(y)a-t
|
3575 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
star |
*swar
|
6225 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
sun / sunshine |
*r(i/u)ŋ
|
5404 |
3.2.2 |
Planets/Meteorological objects/Sky |
moon / moonlight |
*krəy
|
3583 |
3.2.3 |
Water and other liquids |
wave (in water) / ripple |
*r/m-ba
|
5806 |
3.2.3 |
Water and other liquids |
steam / hot (liquid) |
*r-la(w)ŋ
|
5877 |
3.2.3 |
Water and other liquids |
wave |
*r-labs
|
5878 |
3.2.3 |
Water and other liquids |
wave / billow |
*k-ləw(ŋ/k)
|
2536 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
silver |
*d-ŋul
|
5519 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
silver |
*mul
|
2247 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
copper |
*grəy
|
2673 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
iron |
*syaːl ~ *syiːr
|
2676 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
iron |
*syam
|
6365 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
iron / iron instrument |
*l-tsyak
|
2299 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
lead / bronze |
*kar
|
5442 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
rust / dross / stain / excrement |
*(t)swa-y ~ *t(s)wa-y
|
5397 |
3.2.4 |
Elements, metals, alloys |
salty |
*hyam
|
2322 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
valley / river |
*kl(y)u(ŋ/k)
|
6093 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
jungle / forest / country / field |
*ram
|
3581 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
mountain / ridge / hill |
*s-gaŋ
|
6076 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
mountain |
*ri
|
2241 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
ground / land / island |
*gliŋ
|
2406 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
forest / field |
*b-liŋ
|
6223 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
mountain / hillock |
*m/r-duŋ
|
5818 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
lake / pond / fill up |
*ʔ-(n)oŋ
|
5889 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
mountain / climb (a mountain) |
*s-m-lu(ŋ)
|
5885 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
mountain / slope / hillside |
*la
|
5811 |
3.2.5 |
Landforms and geographical features |
paddy field / meadow / marsh |
*C-na
|
2081 |
3.2.7 |
Cracks/Chasms/Crevices |
hole / crack / aperture |
*pwap
|
820 |
3.2.7 |
Cracks/Chasms/Crevices |
hole / orifice / inner part |
*(g/k)uŋ
|
665 |
3.2.7 |
Cracks/Chasms/Crevices |
hole / orifice / innards |
*kwar
|
6512 |
3.2.7 |
Cracks/Chasms/Crevices |
insert / stick into |
*p(y/w)at
|
1269 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
stone |
*r-lu(ŋ/k)
|
2644 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
salt |
*g-ryum
|
2729 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
salt |
*tsa
|
2747 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
salt / yeast |
*m-tsyi
|
2166 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
rock / stone |
*b-rak
|
2385 |
3.2.9 |
Rocks and minerals |
salt |
*la
|
2624 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
dark / shade / dusk / twilight |
*r(u/i)m
|
6227 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
early morning |
*m-na(k/p)
|
2784 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
night |
*ya-n
|
6212 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
set (of the sun) |
*g(l)(i/u)m
|
5387 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
shine / flash |
*glwak
|
2753 |
3.2.10 |
Light or lack of light |
sunshine |
*tsyar
|
374 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
charcoal / dust / ashes |
*tal
|
2336 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
dirt / filth |
*krəy
|
2203 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
dust |
*r-(d/t)ul
|
2453 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
earth / country / ground / mud / soil |
*m-l(e/ə)y
|
5671 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
earth / ground |
*ts(y)a
|
2284 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
earth / ground / soil |
*r-ka
|
587 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
earth / sand |
*(s/z)a-y
|
5564 |
3.2.11 |
Ground/Earth/Soil/Dirt |
filthy / dirty / rat |
*tsak
|
5517 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
shine / bright |
*m-ba
|
6713 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
fire / burn / shine / bright / light / white |
*(p/b/h)(w/y)a(ː)(r/l/n/t)
|
2152 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / fire / kindle / roast |
*bʷar ~ *pʷar
|
5683 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
white / yellow / bright / shine |
*hwa(ː)r ~ *yar
|
4513 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
sweat |
*hur ~ *hwar ⪤⪤ *hir ~ *hyar
|
694 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
heat up / burn |
*hul ~ *hwa(ː)l
|
5395 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
fire / shine |
*hwa(l/r)
|
3609 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / shine |
*hwam
|
5518 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
shine / bright / yellow |
*hwaŋ
|
2271 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
shine / light |
*hwa(n/t)
|
165 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
white / yellow / bright |
*b/s-wa
|
2562 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn |
*pluŋ
|
348 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / raze |
*put
|
340 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / kindle |
*duk
|
56 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / itch / angry |
*m-(t)sik
|
6481 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / scorch |
*kyit
|
5891 |
3.2.12.1 |
Verbs pertaining to fire |
burn / light (fire) / hot |
*C-n(w)a-n/t
|
2136 |
3.2.12.2 |
Fire, flames, and burnt things |
fire |
*mey
|
2560 |
3.2.12.2 |
Fire, flames, and burnt things |
ashes |
*pla
|
5606 |
3.2.12.2 |
Fire, flames, and burnt things |
ashes |
*la
|
3514 |
3.2.12.2 |
Fire, flames, and burnt things |
ashes / dust |
*pʷut ~ *hwut
|
2361 |
3.2.12.2 |
Fire, flames, and burnt things |
smoke |
*kəw-n/t
|
2169 |
4 |
Kinship Terms, Ethnonyms, Social Roles |
name |
*s-braŋ
|
2450 |
4 |
Kinship Terms, Ethnonyms, Social Roles |
name / command |
*r-mi(ŋ/n)
|
2530 |
4.1 |
Pronouns |
I / me / 1st p. pronoun / self |
*ŋa-y ~ *ka
|
2138 |
4.1 |
Pronouns |
pronoun (3rd pers.) |
*ʔa
|
5632 |
4.1 |
Pronouns |
who / indef pronoun / remote 3rd pers. |
*su ~ *s-lu
|
2489 |
4.1 |
Pronouns |
you / thou / 2nd person pronoun |
*na-ŋ
|
701 |
4.2.3 |
General roles |
hero / champion |
*gyat
|
5753 |
4.2.5.2 |
Civil leaders |
chief / master / lord |
*m-dzəw
|
4882 |
4.2.8 |
Marital roles |
widow / widower |
*s-may
|
5524 |
4.2.10 |
Servants |
slave / servant |
*(g/k)(y)wal
|
428 |
4.2.11 |
Stages of growth |
child / son / relatives |
*tsa-n ~ *za-n
|
1012 |
4.2.11 |
Stages of growth |
child |
*za-n
|
2727 |
4.2.11 |
Stages of growth |
child / grandchild / nephew / niece |
*tsa-n
|
1633 |
4.2.11 |
Stages of growth |
child |
*bu
|
3327 |
4.4.1 |
Generic person terms |
person |
*tsaŋ
|
5531 |
4.4.3 |
Outsiders |
stranger / enemy |
*d-gra
|
644 |
4.4.4 |
Friends and Acquaintances |
friend / assist |
*grwak
|
2198 |
4.7 |
Kinship Terms |
be related |
*daw
|
198 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
grandmother |
*pʷa-n ~ *bʷa-n
|
2546 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
man / father / husband / person |
*pʷa
|
5484 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
man / father / husband / person |
*wa
|
2507 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
aunt / mother-in-law |
*ney ~ *ni(y)
|
2362 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
elder brother / senior male relative |
*(g/k)əw-n
|
2559 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
grandmother |
*ʔ-pəy
|
2582 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
grandfather / older brother |
*pəw
|
2183 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
uncle / elder brother / senior male relative |
*bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ
|
2293 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
father / grandfather / honorific |
*kaŋ
|
2640 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
uncle / superior |
*(z)ryaŋ
|
5456 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
relatives / ancestors |
*dziŋ
|
2665 |
4.7.1 |
Previous generation |
aunt / elder sister / father-in-law / relative |
*sru(w)
|
2707 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
younger sibling |
*(t/d)oy
|
2539 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
cousin / levirate or sororate spouse |
*ŋwap
|
2274 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
older brother |
*ʔik
|
2664 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
sister |
*sriŋ
|
2215 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
sister (of man) |
*dzar
|
2492 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
younger sibling |
*naːw
|
5601 |
4.7.2 |
Same generation |
younger sibling |
*nyey
|
2679 |
4.7.3 |
Later generation |
grandchild |
*syu(w)-n
|
2410 |
4.7.3 |
Later generation |
grandchild / nephew / niece |
*b/m-ləy
|
2708 |
4.7.3 |
Later generation |
nephew / descendant |
*m-(t/d)u
|
2486 |
4.7.4 |
Related by marriage |
daughter-in-law / wife / sister |
*s-nam
|
2348 |
4.7.4 |
Related by marriage |
son-in-law / daughter-in-law |
*krwəy
|
2242 |
5.1 |
Waste products |
tube / flute |
*gliŋ
|
5903 |
5.3 |
Diseases |
smallpox |
*ʔ-b(r)um
|
5434 |
5.4 |
Instruments and therapies |
medicine |
*s-man
|
5427 |
5.4 |
Instruments and therapies |
medicine / juice / paint |
*r-tsəy
|
5782 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
pot / gourd |
*yam ~ *ʔam
|
321 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
bowl |
*kwak
|
2742 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
mortar |
*(t)sum
|
2792 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
poker / pudding-stick / ladle |
*s-k-ywak
|
7617 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
pot / plate / dish |
*pu
|
5786 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
pot / cauldron |
*m/ʔ-dik/ŋ
|
5862 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
fry / roast / cook |
*k/ʔ-r(ə/a)w
|
5812 |
5.5 |
Cooking Implements |
pot / vat / jar |
*ʔəw-ŋ
|
2576 |
5.7 |
Culinary verbs |
boil (v.) |
*prut
|
2749 |
5.7 |
Culinary verbs |
boil / burn / cook / bake |
*tsyow
|
2316 |
5.7 |
Culinary verbs |
cook / cooked / boil |
*s-(k/g)lak
|
2528 |
5.7 |
Culinary verbs |
fry / roast |
*r-ŋaw
|
3544 |
5.7 |
Culinary verbs |
roast / dry by fire |
*ʔ(u/i)m
|
5866 |
5.8.1.1 |
Deities/Spiritual Beings |
demon / evil spirit / ghost |
*n-d-ray
|
2264 |
5.8.1.1 |
Deities/Spiritual Beings |
soul / demon / god / beautiful |
*m-hla
|
6199 |
5.8.1.3 |
General/Other Religious |
pray / worship |
*s-g-luːm
|
4759 |
5.9 |
Monetary Terms |
cost / price |
*man
|
462 |
5.10 |
Items of Culture |
custom / manner |
*luk
|
469 |
5.10 |
Items of Culture |
custom / prohibition |
*krim
|
5584 |
5.10 |
Items of Culture |
way / method / custom |
*niŋ
|
2302 |
5.11.1 |
Containers |
basket |
*kaw
|
5819 |
5.11.1 |
Containers |
basket |
*k(r)a(k/ŋ)
|
325 |
5.11.1 |
Containers |
box / cabinet |
*ta
|
4319 |
5.11.1 |
Containers |
trough / boat / box / tray |
*kwaŋ
|
2413 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
boat |
*m-ləy
|
2416 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
boat |
*m-lawŋ
|
5701 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
cart |
*s-lyaŋ
|
260 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
ladder / ramp |
*m-gam
|
4159 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
raft |
*pu(u)m
|
5781 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
raft / float |
*poŋ
|
5895 |
5.11.2 |
Conveyances |
step / rung (stairs, ladder) |
*s-ka
|
5813 |
5.11.3 |
Musical objects |
drum (n.) / beat (v.) (a drum) |
*r-ŋa-k
|
5446 |
5.11.3 |
Musical objects |
song |
*hla
|
275 |
5.11.4 |
Rope |
bamboo strip (for tying) |
*ʔ-ney
|
676 |
5.11.5 |
Tools |
hammer / strike / slap |
*s/m-t(w)a ~ *(t/d)u
|
2367 |
5.11.5 |
Tools |
net (casting) |
*(r/s)-(g/k)wa-n
|
3607 |
5.11.5 |
Tools |
wedge |
*m-dzyam
|
3606 |
5.11.5.1 |
Agricultural use |
fence / garden |
*kram
|
2772 |
5.11.5.3 |
Cutting/Boring |
axe |
*r-pʷa
|
6697 |
5.11.5.3 |
Cutting/Boring |
chisel |
*m-dzəy
|
2684 |
5.11.5.3 |
Cutting/Boring |
knife / axe / sword |
*s-ta
|
5459 |
5.11.5.4 |
Workshop use/Equipment |
net / bamboo screen |
*gram
|
2691 |
5.11.5.5 |
Tools pertaining to fire |
fireplace / ashes |
*g-(t/d)ap
|
2599 |
5.11.5.5 |
Tools pertaining to fire |
fireplace / fireplace shelf |
*g-rap
|
6091 |
5.11.5.5 |
Tools pertaining to fire |
stick / branch / torch |
*lyan
|
5398 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
needle |
*k-ra(p/m)
|
2387 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
cotton |
*b-la
|
2491 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
heddles (of a loom) |
*s-nat
|
5371 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
needle |
*p(r/y)im
|
193 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
string / thread / cord |
*bliŋ
|
5850 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
thread |
*r-s-kut ~ *r-s-kyat
|
5555 |
5.11.6 |
Textile |
thread / string / plait |
*krəw
|
5893 |
5.11.8.2.1 |
Clothes (general) |
hat / helmet / wear (on head) |
*r-mu-k
|
5462 |
5.11.8.2.1 |
Clothes (general) |
headstrap, tumpline |
*s-nam
|
5571 |
5.11.8.2.1 |
Clothes (general) |
trousers |
*s-la
|
2508 |
5.11.8.2.2 |
Special clothes and equipment |
drawers / petticoat |
*b/s-ni(y)
|
3449 |
5.11.9.3 |
Parts of the structure |
door |
*kam
|
3532 |
5.11.9.4 |
Furnishings |
mat |
*hyam
|
5402 |
5.11.9.5 |
Outdoor/Temporary structures |
pen / corral |
*kruk
|
6073 |
5.11.11 |
Construction |
post / column |
*duːŋ
|
6077 |
5.14 |
Husbandry |
fence / enclosure / circle / ring |
*kwa(ŋ/k)
|
5674 |
5.14 |
Husbandry |
saddle / harness |
*s-ga
|
2191 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
arrow |
*m-da
|
74 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
arrow |
*dzan
|
2688 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
arrow / bow (weapon) |
*tal
|
2411 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
bow (weapon) / slingshot |
*d/s-ləy
|
2386 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
bow / arrow |
*g/b/m-la-y
|
451 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
crossbow |
*m-dan
|
455 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
crossbow |
*s-na
|
5609 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
knife |
*taŋ
|
5611 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
shield |
*tsyuŋ
|
2205 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
sword / spear |
*m-duŋ ~ *daŋ
|
3556 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
trap |
*ŋ-wa
|
257 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
war / soldier |
*d-mak
|
5791 |
5.15 |
War and violence |
cannon |
*mlok
|
552 |
6.1.1.1 |
To do/act |
do / make |
*day
|
2455 |
6.1.1.1 |
To do/act |
work / move |
*mow
|
2746 |
6.1.1.3 |
Play |
play |
*r-tsyaːy
|
5692 |
6.1.1.3 |
Play |
play |
*m-prey
|
5707 |
6.1.1.3 |
Play |
play (as music) |
*klwaŋ
|
1906 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*m-(t/d)u(ŋ/k)
|
2149 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
be defeated / sit / defeat |
*(b/p)am
|
3602 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
dwell / stay / sit / rest / live |
*du
|
3591 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*m-tsu-ŋ
|
3594 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*m-tow
|
3596 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*syu-t
|
3597 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit / dwell / continuative |
*s-(m/n)əy
|
3598 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*myan
|
3599 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*m-ba
|
3600 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*rap OR *lap
|
3601 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit |
*ŋaŋ
|
3603 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit / perch |
*war
|
3419 |
6.1.1.4.1 |
Sit |
sit / remain / stay |
*waŋ
|
5810 |
6.1.1.4.2 |
Fall |
collapse / slide / fall down |
*b-l/r-(a/e/o)ŋ
|
2315 |
6.1.1.4.2 |
Fall |
fall |
*(k/g)la-k/y/t
|
3507 |
6.1.1.4.2 |
Fall |
fall |
*hwal
|
618 |
6.1.1.4.2 |
Fall |
fall (as leaves) / cause to fall |
*(g/k)rwil
|
620 |
6.1.1.4.2 |
Fall |
fall over |
*m-bap
|
2589 |
6.1.1.5 |
Hang |
hang |
*pyaŋ
|
3509 |
6.1.1.5 |
Hang |
hang |
*hak
|
678 |
6.1.1.5 |
Hang |
hang |
*k(w)aːy
|
2224 |
6.1.1.5 |
Hang |
hang down / sag |
*dzywal
|
684 |
6.1.1.5 |
Hang |
hang from / cling to / creeper |
*(d/n)way
|
5577 |
6.1.1.6 |
Wait |
wait |
*lyaŋ
|
3513 |
6.1.1.6 |
Wait |
wait |
*huŋ
|
5578 |
6.1.1.6 |
Wait |
wait / watch for |
*dzawŋ
|
5699 |
6.1.1.6 |
Wait |
wait |
*s-ŋa-k
|
2134 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
step on |
*s-nak ~ *naŋ
|
4184 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
calculate / count / tally |
*twak
|
2738 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
count |
*r-tsyəy
|
3552 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
count |
*wyal
|
5848 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
lean / slant / rely on |
*k(y)aw-k/ŋ
|
5816 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
lean against |
*s-ŋ(y)ay
|
6129 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
look for / search |
*pʷa
|
57 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
measure / count |
*(g/k)raŋ
|
2237 |
6.2 |
Action Verbs with Patient |
ride / sit astride / sit (horse) |
*gyi ~ *dzyi
|
5585 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
wear / clothe |
*(g/k)wa-n
|
2256 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
wear / put on / clothe |
*s-gywa(n/t)
|
2779 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
wear / clothe |
*w(y)a-t ~ *wit
|
2369 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
conceal / hide / shun |
*kway
|
614 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
exhaust / come to an end |
*dzin
|
2378 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
guard / tend cattle / graze / be at leisure |
*s-klawŋ
|
2550 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
hide (v.) |
*s-pʷak
|
6173 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
lead (v.) / tend / watch / guard |
*s-r-way
|
5722 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
load |
*wəy
|
5445 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
load / burden / transport |
*wa(n/t)
|
2232 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
shoot |
*ʔap ~ *gaːp
|
5411 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
shoot |
*m-puk
|
2341 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
surround |
*kroy
|
2180 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
wear |
*bu(w)
|
171 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
wind around |
*bat
|
5841 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
block / obstruct |
*ʔ/N-g(r)ak
|
5912 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
block / obstruct |
*m-p(y)aŋ
|
5914 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
block / obstruct |
*thaŋ
|
5842 |
6.2.2.1 |
Assorted action verbs |
bury / conceal |
*C-(t)saŋ
|
6402 |
6.2.2.2.1 |
Carry |
carry |
*pu-n/ŋ
|
2177 |
6.2.2.2.1 |
Carry |
carry (on back or shoulders) |
*bəw
|
5665 |
6.2.2.2.1 |
Carry |
carry (on back) |
*p-kur OR *k-pur
|
362 |
6.2.2.2.1 |
Carry |
carry on shoulder |
*tam
|
3525 |
6.2.2.3.1 |
Push |
push |
*hwəy
|
5610 |
6.2.2.3.1 |
Push |
push / press |
*nwam
|
2344 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash |
*krəw-t
|
5645 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash |
*su(k)
|
5647 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash |
*tsəy
|
2671 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash / bathe |
*m/b-s(y)il ~ *m/b-syal
|
5579 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash / clean |
*grwaːl
|
3519 |
6.2.2.5.2 |
Wash (v.i./v.t.) |
wash / moisture / wet |
*hus ~ *h(u/i)r
|
2587 |
6.2.2.5.3 |
Sweep |
scoop / sweep |
*k/p-y(w)ak
|
2678 |
6.2.2.5.3 |
Sweep |
sweep |
*syim
|
5594 |
6.2.2.5.3 |
Sweep |
wipe / sweep / rub / scrub |
*s(u/i)t
|
3383 |
6.2.2.6.1 |
Open |
go / stride / span |
*m/s-ka-y
|
5704 |
6.2.2.6.1 |
Open |
open |
*pwa(ŋ/k)
|
5705 |
6.2.2.6.1 |
Open |
open |
*twaŋ
|
5824 |
6.2.2.6.1 |
Open |
open / release |
*phya-k
|
5709 |
6.2.2.6.2 |
Close |
close (v.) |
*pi-t
|
5708 |
6.2.2.6.2 |
Close |
close (v.) / shut |
*b/g-tsum
|
2757 |
6.2.2.6.2 |
Close |
shut / close (v.) / close together |
*dzyiːp
|
5574 |
6.2.2.7.1 |
Use |
use |
*z(y)um ~ *zuŋ
|
5433 |
6.2.2.7.2 |
Practice |
practice / learn |
*s-lwap
|
172 |
6.2.2.7.2 |
Practice |
repeat / practice |
*bay
|
96 |
6.2.2.9.2 |
Draw |
draw / write / count |
*b-rəy ~ *b-ris ~ *rit ~ *riːn
|
2616 |
6.2.2.9.2 |
Draw |
draw / mark / boundary |
*b-rəy
|
107 |
6.2.2.9.2 |
Draw |
draw / picture |
*b-ris
|
110 |
6.2.2.9.2 |
Draw |
draw / boundary |
*rit
|
5879 |
6.2.2.9.3 |
Read |
read |
*s-g-(l/r)əwk
|
2615 |
6.3 |
Friction |
reap / scrape / shave / cut / sever |
*riːt
|
1461 |
6.3 |
Friction |
scrape / scratch / scoop |
*kur
|
4819 |
6.3 |
Friction |
mop / rub / wipe |
*s-nwat
|
4903 |
6.3 |
Friction |
rub / crumple / twist |
*hnuay
|
2674 |
6.3 |
Friction |
rub / scrape / shave |
*sywəy
|
2512 |
6.3 |
Friction |
rub against / graze / touch |
*s-nu(l/r)
|
1018 |
6.4 |
Harm |
kill |
*g/b-sat
|
3435 |
6.4 |
Harm |
sting (as bee) / scold (a person) |
*m-ta:y
|
2275 |
6.4 |
Harm |
strangle |
*ʔik
|
2596 |
6.5 |
Fighting |
enemy / fight / quarrel / strife / sword / war |
*g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray
|
190 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
drip / drop (n.) |
*(m/g)-(ts/dz)(y)(a/i)k
|
555 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
drip / drop (n.) |
*g-t(y)ik
|
557 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
drip / drop (n.) |
*m-dz(y)ak
|
5814 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
color / dye |
*m-tsəw-s/t
|
2296 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
draw (water) / scoop (water) / concave |
*kaː(p/m)
|
118 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
dry |
*tan
|
3501 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
dry |
*hyar
|
7198 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
dry |
*g-ran
|
3515 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
dry (by fire / sun) |
*s-la(m/p)
|
2680 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
flow / pour / scatter / spill / sow / broadcast |
*sywar ~ *g/b-sywa-n/t
|
2428 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
flow / stream / river |
*lwi(y)
|
2719 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
flow / suppurate |
*twəy
|
7203 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
hot / dry |
*s-ka
|
2795 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
leak / drip / urine |
*b-yəw-n/t
|
2171 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
overflow / gush / squirt / flood |
*(b/p)rup
|
2423 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
pour / bathe |
*r-lu(w)
|
2628 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
snuff up / sip / suck |
*s-rup
|
5864 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
soak / seep / submerge |
*b-t(h)yəm ~ *b-(t)syəm
|
5825 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
steam (v.) |
*m-phu(ŋ/k)
|
3567 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
wet |
*s-nyak
|
5710 |
6.6 |
Verbs requiring liquids |
wet |
*pwam
|
2397 |
6.7 |
Movement |
pass / exceed |
*s-lay ~ *ley
|
1812 |
6.7.2 |
Outward |
come (out) / enter |
*hwaŋ
|
2573 |
6.7.2 |
Outward |
come out / emerge / bring out |
*s-prwa-k
|
2718 |
6.7.2 |
Outward |
come out / go out / emerge |
*s-twak
|
2199 |
6.7.2 |
Outward |
go out / come out / pull |
*(d/t)wan
|
5390 |
6.7.3 |
Awkwardly, Irregularly, Abruptly |
hasten |
*grim
|
2159 |
6.7.3 |
Awkwardly, Irregularly, Abruptly |
slip / slippery |
*(b/p)lya-l
|
2768 |
6.7.3 |
Awkwardly, Irregularly, Abruptly |
swaggering / noisy |
*ʔut
|
5570 |
6.7.3 |
Awkwardly, Irregularly, Abruptly |
tremble / shiver (fear, cold) |
*dar ~ *d(u/i)r
|
6706 |
6.7.4 |
Regular, Cyclic, Smoothly |
kick |
*r-t(y/w)ak
|
5569 |
6.7.4 |
Regular, Cyclic, Smoothly |
travel / go through |
*grwat
|
2189 |
6.7.5 |
Medium Primary (e.g. air) |
fly (v.) |
*byar ~ *p(i/u)r
|
2588 |
6.7.5 |
Medium Primary (e.g. air) |
fly (v.) |
*(p/b)yam
|
2590 |
6.7.5 |
Medium Primary (e.g. air) |
swim / float / raft |
*pyaw
|
179 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
pinch / twist |
*sik
|
2475 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
spindle / twirl |
*s-mwəy
|
5572 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
turn over / roll over / search for |
*m-p(y)up
|
2493 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
twist / knead / soften |
*m/s-naːy
|
3257 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
twist / turn |
*wyat
|
2780 |
6.7.6 |
Circularly |
whirl / brandish / wave (v.) |
*s-waːy
|
5472 |
6.7.7 |
Up, etc. |
expensive / at its peak |
*kak
|
5480 |
6.7.7 |
Up, etc. |
lofty / elevated |
*dzwaŋ
|
2677 |
6.7.7 |
Up, etc. |
rise / east |
*syar
|
531 |
6.7.8 |
Downward |
descend |
*s/ʔ-yuk
|
2804 |
6.7.8 |
Downward |
descend |
*zak
|
2407 |
6.7.8 |
Downward |
sink into / dive |
*l(i/u)p
|
482 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
dance / sing / leap / stride |
*gaːr ~ *ga
|
2234 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
dance / sing / leap / stride |
*gaːr
|
521 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
dance / leap / stride |
*ga
|
3536 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
jump |
*hywa(p/m)
|
6707 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
jump |
*p(r)wak
|
6163 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
run |
*b-(l/r)əy
|
6705 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
run / dance / kick |
*gan ~ *k(y)at
|
2563 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
run / flee / jump up |
*plwaŋ
|
3533 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
run / ride / go by vehicle |
*(g/h)yar
|
5373 |
6.7.9 |
Manner is primary |
run / walk |
*sam
|
5826 |
6.7.10 |
Move with something else |
cross (river) / ford / wade |
*rap
|
550 |
6.7.10 |
Move with something else |
divert / push aside |
*s/ʔ-(l/r)way
|
2801 |
6.7.10 |
Move with something else |
follow |
*m/s-yuy
|
2488 |
6.7.10 |
Move with something else |
follow / repeat |
*s-n(y)aŋ
|
2222 |
6.7.10 |
Move with something else |
ride |
*dzywan
|
2774 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
be in motion / go / come |
*s-wa
|
3569 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
come |
*la-y ~ *ra
|
446 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
come / go |
*pay
|
2243 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
cross over |
*g(o/a)w
|
5808 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
cross over / ford / ferry |
*da-s
|
2190 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
go (out) / come (out) |
*bywan
|
657 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
go / directional particle / transitive motion |
*ʔay
|
3551 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
move |
*ywa-n
|
5410 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
move |
*m-kyit
|
5835 |
6.7.11 |
Movement (general) |
walk / tread |
*tsya-k
|
2709 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
cut / knock / pound |
*m/r-tuk
|
1799 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
bite / chew / peck at / hook onto |
*twak
|
296 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
beat / strike / pound / flog |
*r-duŋ
|
2206 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
beat / strike |
*(d/t)(u/i)p
|
381 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
pound / crush |
*(d/t)aːy
|
5754 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
fan / winnow / paddle / wave (v.) / beat / thrash |
*g-(y/r)aːp
|
2790 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
fan / winnow / paddle / wave (v.) |
*g-yaːp
|
2329 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
beat / thrash / winnow |
*krap
|
2662 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
graze / almost hit / passing close |
*soy
|
5821 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
knock / strike |
*k(r)ok
|
5823 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
slap / strike |
*m-p(r)at/k
|
5822 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
strike / knock |
*m-p(r)uŋ/k
|
5888 |
6.8 |
Striking, hitting verbs |
winnow / sieve |
*C-ləy
|
693 |
6.9 |
Undoing |
destroy / destroyed / ruined |
*s-pyak
|
176 |
6.9 |
Undoing |
broken down / destroyed |
*p(y)əy
|
177 |
6.9 |
Undoing |
struggle / pull hard / demolish |
*s-run
|
196 |
6.9 |
Undoing |
effaced |
*bray
|
5646 |
6.9 |
Undoing |
untie |
*prəy
|
4452 |
6.9.1 |
Peel |
strip / undress / dismantle |
*kayk
|
2741 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
pierce / thorn / plant (v.) / erect |
*tsow-t
|
2218 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
pierce / thorn / plant (v.) / erect |
*m-(d)z(y)u(ː)k
|
5453 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
pierce / thorn / plant (v.) / erect |
*dz(y)ut
|
2639 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
sharp |
*s-ryam
|
5515 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
sharp |
*m-tak
|
5845 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
carve / engrave |
*k/b-ru-k
|
5454 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
pierce / thorn / plant (v.) / erect |
*tsow-t ~ *m-(d)z(y)uːk ~ *dz(y)ut
|
5868 |
6.9.2 |
Carve, shave |
thorn / nail / tack |
*m-tshyar ~ *g-zyar
|
1007 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut off / sever / break |
*tsyat
|
430 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
chop |
*ts(y)ap
|
5870 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
crack / rift / fissure |
*(t)sə-r
|
5871 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
crack / rift / split |
*n-kra-k ~ *n-(k)wa-k
|
3563 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut |
*dan
|
3505 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut |
*hak
|
2763 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut / chop |
*tsywar
|
3564 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut / slash |
*d-ra-t
|
475 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut / slice / castrate |
*mwa(n/t)
|
2459 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
cut / tear / maul / lacerate |
*(m/b)rak
|
2694 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
hang up / impale |
*taːr
|
5815 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
mow / cut / reap |
*r-ŋa-p
|
2401 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
slice / pare / cut off |
*s/g-lyap
|
69 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
split |
*(d)ziːt ~ *(t)siːt
|
5455 |
6.9.3 |
Chop, slice |
split / mince |
*dzi(k/ŋ)
|
195 |
6.10.2 |
Intentional loss - Abandon |
leave / depart / separate |
*(b/p)ral
|
2233 |
6.10.2 |
Intentional loss - Abandon |
leave / abandon |
*gar
|
5695 |
6.10.3 |
Wide separation - Scatter |
sprinkle |
*pr(y/w)ak
|
5694 |
6.10.3 |
Wide separation - Scatter |
sprinkle / spray |
*m/s-prat ~ *pran
|
5696 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
choose |
*dam
|
6188 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
choose / fastidious |
*s-ril
|
5617 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
collapse |
*praw
|
5430 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
pick up |
*s-g-ruk
|
2307 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
scratch |
*d-kew
|
5615 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
separate / dismantle / collapse |
*s-pak
|
5616 |
6.10.4 |
Intentional separation - Sort |
separate / split |
*pryak
|
2424 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
bore / pierce |
*lwan
|
5844 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
bury |
*C-mru(m/p)
|
5374 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
bury / bear / endure |
*ram
|
2157 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
conceal / hide / bury |
*(b/p)(i/u)p
|
4532 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig |
*tsaw
|
5762 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig |
*lu ~ *lwa
|
2400 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig / hoe |
*laːy
|
3573 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig / hoe |
*s/m-du
|
2317 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig out / weed / hoe (v.) |
*klaw
|
2325 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
dig up / scoop out |
*r-(k/g)wa-t
|
5443 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
scoop / dip out |
*(t)saːy
|
2353 |
6.11 |
Digging, excavation |
shear / strip / pare |
*kuːk ~ *kawk
|
5557 |
6.12 |
Throwing |
throw (away) / divorce (a spouse) |
*bʷar ~ *hʷar
|
2184 |
6.12 |
Throwing |
throw away / cast / sow / toss |
*bwar
|
3528 |
6.12 |
Throwing |
throw |
*hwar
|
5556 |
6.12 |
Throwing |
throw |
*s/m-ba ~ *s/m-baːy
|
2692 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
fold / repeat / layer / pile up |
*g/l-t(y)ap
|
2579 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
wrap / cover / wear |
*pun
|
2310 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
bend / wind / twist / roll / corner |
*s-kiː(l/r)
|
2713 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
roll up / wrap |
*r-tul
|
1233 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
hatch / incubate / cover |
*(g/k)wap
|
2767 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
cover / incubate / hatch |
*ʔup
|
2321 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
cover / wrap |
*klup
|
2533 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
meet |
*ŋra-k/ŋ
|
5391 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
meet |
*k/g-r(u/i)m
|
5700 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
fold |
*pil
|
7547 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
meet |
*m-prat
|
5689 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
meet |
*tuk ~ *(t/d)wa(k/ŋ)
|
5440 |
6.13 |
Convergence |
wrap up |
*tip ~ *tu(p/m)
|
180 |
6.13.1 |
Tying |
tie / bind |
*(g/k)(y)i(t/k)
|
2207 |
6.13.1 |
Tying |
join / tie / knot / bring together / assemble / fold |
*(t/d)u-n/t
|
313 |
6.13.1 |
Tying |
bind / fasten / tether |
*s-dar
|
6132 |
6.13.1 |
Tying |
cord / tie / bind |
*grak
|
2752 |
6.13.2 |
Adhesion |
adjoin / adhere |
*(g/k)(w)ap
|
2188 |
6.13.2 |
Adhesion |
affix / plait / sew / braid |
*(b/p)yar
|
2548 |
6.13.2 |
Adhesion |
patch / mend / sew |
*s/m-p(ʷ)a
|
2643 |
6.13.4 |
Mix |
mix |
*ryaw
|
3524 |
6.13.4 |
Mix |
mix / stir |
*s-ŋywal
|
200 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
join / connect / build |
*s-dza-k
|
5773 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
build |
*tsuk ~ *tsik
|
5478 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
join / connect |
*tsyap
|
5381 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
put together / be even with / come up to |
*dway
|
5832 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
collect / gather / assemble |
*C-tsəw-k/ŋ
|
5834 |
6.13.5 |
Join (general) |
meet / gather / connect |
*(t)sum
|
5386 |
6.14 |
Construction |
repair / mend |
*glan
|
2743 |
6.15 |
Repair |
stop up / plug up |
*tsəw-t
|
5496 |
6.16 |
Holding |
pull / drag / lead |
*kaːy
|
2517 |
6.16 |
Holding |
pinch / squeeze / press / oppress / submerge / sink into / west / low / soft |
*s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ~ *r/s-nyap/m
|
5525 |
6.16 |
Holding |
squeeze |
*s-nyit
|
6174 |
6.16 |
Holding |
catch / hold fast |
*s-g-ryam
|
5619 |
6.16 |
Holding |
lead / pull along |
*rik
|
5620 |
6.16 |
Holding |
lead / pull along |
*tsi
|
5406 |
6.16 |
Holding |
lift / raise |
*laŋ
|
5613 |
6.16 |
Holding |
pull (out) / take away |
*laŋ
|
5618 |
6.16 |
Holding |
pull / drag / lead |
*si
|
5901 |
6.16 |
Holding |
take / hold / put on |
*b-s-nom
|
2351 |
6.16 |
Holding |
take up / lift / prop up |
*ku
|
2603 |
6.17 |
Putting |
equal / place in a row / align / row |
*s-ryan
|
3526 |
6.17 |
Putting |
put |
*hwaŋ
|
2682 |
6.17 |
Putting |
put / place |
*s-ta-t
|
181 |
6.19 |
Social action |
punish / oppress / coerce |
*s-nya-s ~ *s-nyan
|
4143 |
6.19 |
Social action |
embrace / accept / hug |
*pʷam
|
5361 |
6.19 |
Social action |
instruct / explain / admonish |
*s-kul
|
5905 |
6.19 |
Social action |
seduce / deceive |
*b-s-lu
|
5772 |
6.20 |
Helping |
help / pitch in |
*m-ga
|
5426 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
steal / thief |
*r-kəw ~ *r-ku(n/t)
|
2365 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
steal |
*r-kəw ~ *hu
|
5649 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
steal / thief |
*r-kun
|
5648 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
steal / thief |
*r-kut
|
6172 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
get / receive / find |
*ŋas
|
2498 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
get / have / obtain |
*s/r-ney-t
|
5056 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
take / fetch |
*la-k
|
3537 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
take / hold |
*hyal
|
444 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
collect / gather |
*zim
|
5831 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
carry (in hands) / receive / gift |
*buŋ
|
5908 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
hold / keep / carry / arrange |
*tshya(ŋ/k)
|
5907 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
rob / steal |
*ʔ-m-(p)rawk
|
5906 |
6.21 |
Acquisitions |
rob / steal / loot |
*C-lu-t
|
376 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
change / exchange / barter / buy |
*g/m/s-lay ~ *r/s-ley ~ *b-rey
|
2137 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
change / exchange / buy / barter |
*g/m/s-lay
|
369 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
change / exchange / buy / barter |
*r/s-ley
|
2606 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
buy / barter |
*b-rey
|
2314 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
borrow / lend |
*s-kəy
|
2541 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
borrow / lend |
*r/s-ŋ(y)a
|
2339 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
borrow / lend / debt |
*kroy
|
3522 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
owe |
*hwaŋ
|
6191 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
pay / give for |
*g-la
|
5828 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
price / hire / work |
*(g/k)uːŋ
|
5827 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
price / wages / labor |
*k(y)a-t
|
5890 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
ransom / buy off |
*b-lu-t-s
|
2732 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
repay |
*tsap
|
2800 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
sell / buy |
*ywar
|
2554 |
6.22 |
Exchanges |
trade / buy / sell |
*par
|
89 |
6.23 |
Giving |
distribute |
*b-rim
|
2425 |
6.23 |
Giving |
free / release / slip / dislocate |
*g/s-lwat
|
2158 |
6.23 |
Giving |
give |
*s-bəy-n/k
|
3549 |
6.23 |
Giving |
give |
*ya-k
|
649 |
6.23 |
Giving |
give / causative |
*s-tyar
|
5820 |
6.23 |
Giving |
give / command / concede |
*g/s-naŋ
|
5869 |
6.23 |
Giving |
send / dispatch |
*s-kur
|
4511 |
6.23 |
Giving |
submit / present / give |
*ʔap
|
2627 |
6.24 |
Verbs concerning textiles |
sew |
*ʔ-(d/g)rup
|
5408 |
6.24 |
Verbs concerning textiles |
spin / card fibers |
*m-ga
|
2686 |
6.24 |
Verbs concerning textiles |
weave |
*(t/d)ak
|
5669 |
6.24 |
Verbs concerning textiles |
weave / drive / chase |
*rak
|
2350 |
6.24 |
Verbs concerning textiles |
sew |
*krwi(y)
|
5843 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
empty |
*C-tuŋ
|
2415 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
heavy |
*s-(l/r)əy-t
|
2789 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
light (weight), lightweight |
*r-yaːŋ
|
3372 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
many / much |
*m(r/y)a
|
5728 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
narrow |
*dwak
|
6186 |
7.1.2.1 |
Quantity - general |
narrow / crowded |
*gyap
|
162 |
7.1.2.2 |
Degree |
swift / strong / violent |
*k/l/ʔ-wan
|
3500 |
7.1.2.2 |
Degree |
cheap |
*hwaŋ
|
443 |
7.1.2.3 |
Temperature |
cold / freeze |
*m/s-glak ~ *m-glaŋ
|
5140 |
7.1.2.3 |
Temperature |
cold / chilly |
*wut
|
2420 |
7.1.2.3 |
Temperature |
warm |
*s-l(u/i)m
|
2457 |
7.1.3 |
Human qualities and appearance |
beautiful / perfectly / well |
*mway
|
337 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
bulge / bend |
*guːl
|
434 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
cohesive / sticky / elastic |
*s/ʔ-n(w)ay
|
698 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
heavy / thick (of liquids) / viscous |
*s-naːŋ
|
1867 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
rough |
*gram
|
2577 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
soft / boiled |
*pryaw-k
|
5530 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
sticky |
*s-nyak
|
2510 |
7.1.4.2 |
Feel/Tactile/Texture |
tender / soft |
*now
|
5759 |
7.1.4.3 |
Hear |
noisy / agitated |
*syay
|
6406 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sour |
*kruŋ
|
2338 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sour / acid |
*k/s-rwak
|
2379 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sour / be acid |
*s-kyuːr ~ *s-kywaːr
|
6079 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sour / be acid |
*suːr ~ *swaːr
|
2380 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet |
*kyəw
|
2721 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet |
*twi(y)
|
3512 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet |
*h(i/u)l
|
6150 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet |
*s-klum
|
6218 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet |
*m-yaŋ
|
6152 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet / fragrant |
*lyam
|
2221 |
7.1.4.4 |
Taste |
sweet / tasty |
*dz(y)im
|
2764 |
7.1.4.5 |
Smell |
stink / putrefy / stale |
*ʔu
|
574 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
buttocks / heel / dull / blunt / rounded part |
*r-t(u/i)l
|
639 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
fine / delicate |
*mwəy
|
2557 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
flat / thin |
*pyar
|
6178 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
new |
*g-sik
|
2651 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
new / fresh |
*g-sar
|
2165 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
scattered / divided / forked |
*bra
|
2760 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
steep (adj.) |
*tsyuk
|
2633 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
stiff / tough |
*rwat
|
2160 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
straight / straighten |
*(p/b)lyaŋ
|
5734 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
straight / straighten |
*t(r)waŋ
|
5379 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
tense / tight |
*(d/t)aŋ
|
2432 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
thin / flat / flat object |
*lyap
|
5335 |
7.1.5.1 |
General - form |
worn out / torn |
*t(r)ya-t
|
2702 |
7.1.5.3 |
Position - high/low |
high |
*m-twa-n
|
2597 |
7.1.5.3 |
Position - high/low |
high / long |
*m-raŋ
|
5380 |
7.1.5.3 |
Position - high/low |
shallow |
*dim
|
1005 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
raw / green / unripe |
*dz(y)im
|
2228 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*r-ga
|
88 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*b-gryas
|
7185 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*s-bi
|
7187 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*kwak
|
7189 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*rar
|
5882 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old |
*r-ny(w)əŋ
|
7181 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old (of things) |
*sar
|
7183 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
old (of things) |
*s-li
|
5417 |
7.1.8.3 |
Neutral term |
settled / fix / establish |
*m/s-diŋ
|
5421 |
7.1.11.1 |
Light |
loud / bright |
*brwaŋ
|
2535 |
7.1.11.2 |
Dark |
dark / withered / evil |
*s-n(y/r)əw
|
6701 |
8.1 |
Abstract Entities |
other / outside |
*yaːr
|
5552 |
8.1 |
Abstract Entities |
thing |
*r-dzas
|
5553 |
8.1 |
Abstract Entities |
things / stuff |
*ray
|
5561 |
8.1 |
Abstract Entities |
time / occasion |
*k(y/r)iːn
|
5562 |
8.1 |
Abstract Entities |
time / occasion |
*s-pwak
|
282 |
8.2 |
Abstract verbs |
be there / have |
*m-dzyaŋ
|
5652 |
8.2 |
Abstract verbs |
dare |
*s/m-wam
|
2193 |
8.3 |
Psychological verbs |
defy / interfere / be at enmity with / risk / guess |
*daw
|
2572 |
8.3.1.1.1 |
Like |
delight / happy / enjoy |
*p(r/y)aw
|
5854 |
8.3.1.1.1 |
Like |
happy / pleased / content |
*s-kyit
|
2602 |
8.3.1.10.1 |
Fear |
fear |
*b-ray-t
|
626 |
8.3.1.10.1 |
Fear |
fear |
*lik
|
2337 |
8.3.1.10.1 |
Fear |
fear / afraid |
*kri-t
|
2249 |
8.3.1.10.1 |
Fear |
fear / frighten |
*s/d-krwak
|
5894 |
8.3.1.11.2 |
Tired |
exhaust / exhausted (adj) / spend / spent (adj) |
*s-prun
|
5886 |
8.3.1.11.2 |
Tired |
tired / annoy(ed) / lose (contest) |
*s(r)u(m/n)
|
4054 |
8.3.1.11.2 |
Tired |
tired / exhausted |
*baŋ
|
6094 |
8.3.1.11.3 |
Thrilled, Dizzy |
crazy |
*ru-t
|
5675 |
8.3.1.12.1 |
Know, Believe |
believe |
*yum
|
2670 |
8.3.1.12.1 |
Know, Believe |
know / understand |
*syey-s
|
283 |
8.3.1.14.1 |
Longing |
languid / leisurely |
*nay
|
2625 |
8.3.1.14.1 |
Longing |
long for / pine for |
*d-rum
|
6621 |
8.3.1.14.3 |
Desirable |
desiderative / wish, want |
*myəy
|
3520 |
8.3.1.14.3 |
Desirable |
wish / want |
*huŋ
|
2395 |
8.3.1.16.1 |
Forget |
forget |
*b/m-laːp
|
5441 |
8.3.2.2.1 |
Appease |
propitiate / appease |
*toy
|
261 |
8.3.2.3.2 |
Pity |
compassion / love |
*d-rin
|
294 |
8.3.2.5.4 |
Tolerate |
bear / endure / suffer |
*ʔiŋ
|
5900 |
8.3.2.5.4 |
Tolerate |
endure / bear / be patient |
*kham
|
303 |
8.3.2.5.7 |
Trust |
belong / trust / depend / accept / take |
*m-dz(y)u-k
|
5412 |
8.3.2.8 |
Grudge |
retaliate / grudge (bear a) |
*m-taːy
|
2594 |
8.3.3.8.2 |
Ashamed |
ashamed / shy |
*s-r(y)ak ~ *g-yak
|
379 |
8.3.3.8.2 |
Ashamed |
ashamed / shy |
*s-r(y)ak
|
380 |
8.3.3.8.2 |
Ashamed |
ashamed / shy |
*g-yak
|
3543 |
8.3.3.9 |
Correct |
right (correct) / good |
*ʔal
|
669 |
8.4 |
Feeling |
graze / almost hit / passing glose |
*s-raːp
|
6700 |
8.5.1 |
Scold |
curse / revile |
*s-rə
|
461 |
8.5.1 |
Scold |
curse / revile |
*mwa-t
|
2332 |
8.5.1 |
Scold |
threaten / terrify |
*m-krim
|
2142 |
8.5.4.1 |
Loud |
shout / cry out |
*ʔaːw
|
5591 |
8.5.4.2 |
Soft |
whisper |
*sy(i/u)p
|
5452 |
8.5.5 |
Sounds |
make noise / hum / chat / babble |
*ʔur
|
5839 |
8.5.5 |
Sounds |
sing |
*g-sya-s
|
5838 |
8.5.5 |
Sounds |
sing / play / laugh |
*C-la(n) ~ *lay ~ *law(ŋ/k)
|
5592 |
8.5.5 |
Sounds |
whistle |
*sit
|
2799 |
8.5.7.1 |
Ask |
ask / request |
*r-yu(w)
|
2534 |
8.5.8 |
Banter/Discourse |
contradict / deny |
*(ŋ/g)raŋ
|
3511 |
8.5.10.4 |
Falsehood |
lie / deceive / miss / confused / foolish |
*haːy
|
2235 |
8.5.13 |
Beckon |
call |
*(g/k)aw
|
2262 |
8.5.14.2 |
Reveal or give information |
announce / bespeak |
*haːw
|
1010 |
9.1 |
Time |
time / lifespan |
*tsay
|
2252 |
9.1 |
Time |
bend / crooked / return / back / year |
*(k/ʔ)uk
|
5883 |
9.1.1 |
Adverbial uses |
late / behind / after / outside |
*phi-r/n/s
|
6231 |
9.1.1 |
Adverbial uses |
late / slow |
*s/k-laːy
|
2501 |
9.1.2 |
Months and Years |
year |
*s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ *s-nik
|
6165 |
9.1.2 |
Months and Years |
year / season |
*kum
|
2636 |
9.1.3.4 |
Day |
day / full day / spend the night |
*s-r(y)ak
|
523 |
9.1.4.3 |
Noon |
daytime / noon |
*g-duk
|
691 |
9.1.5 |
Other Intervals |
interval / space between |
*gla
|
5458 |
9.1.5 |
Other Intervals |
long (time) |
*gra
|
5849 |
9.2 |
Spatial terms |
lean / slant / rely on |
*C-kya(n/ŋ)
|
5846 |
9.2 |
Spatial terms |
oblique / slanting / sideways |
*C-k(y)ay ~ *k(y)ar
|
2634 |
9.2 |
Spatial terms |
slant / slope |
*s-rwəy
|
2725 |
9.2.1 |
Up |
upper part / rise / raise / top / summit |
*s-tyaŋ
|
2542 |
9.2.2 |
Down |
below |
*hwak
|
309 |
9.2.3 |
Sideways |
between / interval |
*kaːl
|
2496 |
9.2.3 |
Sideways |
near |
*s-naːy ~ *s-ney
|
2118 |
9.2.5 |
Amid |
inside |
*naŋ
|
2270 |
9.2.6 |
Around |
encircle / circular / fence |
*hwaŋ
|
1779 |
9.2.7 |
Extent |
far |
*dzyaːl
|
622 |
9.2.7 |
Extent |
far |
*g-wəy-n
|
5793 |
9.2.8 |
Directions |
opposite / facing |
*d(w)aŋ/k
|
2347 |
9.3 |
Sounds |
rustle |
*krwap
|
5418 |
9.3 |
Sounds |
sound / noise / animal cry |
*mriŋ
|
2499 |
9.4 |
Colors |
red |
*r-ni
|
1230 |
9.4 |
Colors |
white |
*bawk
|
1235 |
9.4 |
Colors |
white / silver / money |
*plu
|
2683 |
9.4 |
Colors |
red / dark-colored / black |
*tsya(k/ŋ)
|
2483 |
9.4 |
Colors |
black |
*s-nak
|
315 |
9.4 |
Colors |
black |
*haːŋ
|
2672 |
9.4 |
Colors |
black / blue / dark / dark-colored |
*s(y)im
|
6130 |
9.4 |
Colors |
black / ink / deep |
*s-ma(ŋ/k)
|
522 |
9.4 |
Colors |
dark |
*s-mun
|
197 |
9.4 |
Colors |
piebald / speckled |
*bruk
|
5721 |
9.4 |
Colors |
red |
*t(y)a-n ~ *tsa-n
|
2377 |
9.4 |
Colors |
red / blushing |
*s-kyaŋ
|
2531 |
9.4 |
Colors |
white / green / yellow / blue |
*s-ŋow
|
2326 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
bend / curved / lap / bosom |
*koy
|
5643 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
change / exchange |
*m-lyan
|
2543 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
finish / loose / relax |
*s-grwal ~ *ʔwal
|
2645 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
grow worse / inferior / fallen |
*s-ryut
|
3510 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
heat up |
*haŋ
|
5840 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
increase / develop |
*C-phar ~ *phyal
|
5438 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
melt |
*s/m-grəy
|
7165 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
pulverize / shatter / diminutive |
*s-nyak
|
2809 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
rot / decay / digest |
*zyaːw ~ *zyu(w)
|
5424 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
rub off / grind |
*pwa(n/t)
|
2614 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
shade / shadow |
*g/s-rip
|
5719 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
spread (wide) / stretch out |
*p-(r/y)an
|
5425 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
spread / extend / develop |
*r-dal
|
2791 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
spread / extend / sail |
*yaːr
|
86 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
squeeze / wring / crumple |
*(t)sy(i/u)p ~ *(t)swap
|
5720 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
stretch out |
*tsyan ~ *dzyan
|
5575 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
vanish / get lost |
*s-myak
|
2717 |
9.5 |
Change of state |
wrinkle / shrink |
*(d/t)wan
|
2426 |
9.6.1 |
Positive/Desirable qualities |
easy |
*lwa(ː)y
|
156 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
clear / bright / pleasant |
*g-sal
|
2745 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
clear / pure / clean |
*(t)s(y)aŋ
|
2567 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
good |
*pra
|
660 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
good |
*s-na
|
5740 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
good |
*s-nam
|
2722 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
good / very / real / straight |
*m-tyak/ŋ ~ *tik/ŋ
|
663 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
good / beautiful |
*l(y)a(k/ŋ)
|
2583 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
price |
*pəw
|
5855 |
9.6.1.1 |
Positive Qualities |
safe / secure / in order |
*b-day
|
2693 |
9.6.1.2 |
Positive Human Qualities |
capable / fit / beautiful |
*taːp ~ *m-daw
|
4088 |
9.6.1.2 |
Positive Human Qualities |
healthy / well |
*dam
|
5875 |
9.6.2.1 |
Negative Qualities |
bad / evil / curse / poor (quality) |
*ŋan
|
5392 |
9.6.2.2 |
Negative Human Qualities |
overbearing / exploitative |
*grwal
|
239 |
9.6.2.2 |
Negative Human Qualities |
poor |
*d-b(u/i)l
|
5913 |
9.6.2.2 |
Negative Human Qualities |
stupid / fool (n.) |
*p(y/w)aŋ
|
319 |
9.6.3 |
Neutral |
bold / heroic |
*s-(r/y/w)ay
|
93 |
9.6.3 |
Neutral |
mischievous / rowdy / hooligan |
*b-rut
|
5748 |
9.7.1 |
Shape and size |
round |
*s/m-kwar
|
5587 |
9.7.1 |
Shape and size |
wedge |
*sap
|
5551 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
thin / flat |
*ba
|
2143 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
thin |
*(b/p)a(n/t)
|
5731 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
round / round object / heart / eyeball |
*s-lum ~ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ)
|
690 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
round |
*s-lum
|
1427 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
eye / eyeball / heart / round object |
*b-lum
|
1381 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
heart / round |
*m-lu(ŋ/m)
|
178 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
thick / hard / solid |
*r-tas
|
2440 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
big / elder (brother, uncle) / old |
*maŋ
|
7173 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
short |
*t(y)u(ŋ/n)
|
2697 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
big |
*ta-y
|
5414 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
short |
*dəw
|
2712 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
thick / deep |
*tuːk
|
2418 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
long / tall |
*low
|
7175 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
short |
*s-ŋ(i/u)ŋ
|
597 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
encircled / ringed / striped |
*(p/b)ay
|
2204 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
long / length |
*(d/t)uŋ
|
7177 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
short |
*m(y)ap
|
183 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
thick |
*(t/d)ow-n
|
2806 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
little / small / tiny |
*z(y)əy
|
2357 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
arched / vaulted / concave / convex |
*ku(ː)m
|
2060 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
round / circular |
*wal
|
447 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
contracted / stunted / dwarfish |
*s-grum
|
1011 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
long / elongate |
*s-r(i/u)ŋ
|
5730 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
solid / congealed / frozen / viscous / strong |
*(g/k)aː(r/l)
|
5887 |
9.7.2 |
Verbs referring to size/shape |
slender / small |
*sway
|
1310 |
9.8 |
Measure Words |
armspan / fathom / cord |
*s-la(ː)m
|
2584 |
9.8 |
Measure Words |
half / one of a pair / side |
*pʷak
|
2312 |
9.8 |
Measure Words |
weigh |
*kyiːn ~ *tsyiːn
|
2504 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
two |
*g/s-ni-s
|
2748 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
ten |
*ts(y)i(y) ~ *tsyay
|
2666 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
three |
*g-sum
|
1306 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
five |
*l/b-ŋa
|
2409 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
four |
*b-ləy
|
2621 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
six |
*d-k-ruk
|
2505 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
seven |
*s-ni-s
|
2364 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
nine |
*d/s-kəw
|
2259 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
eight |
*b-r-gyat ~ *b-g-ryat
|
2355 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
twenty / all |
*m-kul
|
2258 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
hundred |
*b-r-gya
|
2301 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
one |
*kat
|
2238 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
ten |
*gip
|
2703 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
thousand |
*s-tawŋ
|
5383 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
pair |
*dzum ~ *tsum
|
6629 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
ten, teen |
*s-ra
|
2726 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
one |
*tyak ~ *g-t(y)ik
|
3540 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
one |
*ʔa
|
2277 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
one |
*ʔit ~ *yat
|
5377 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
single / one / whole / only |
*(d/t)a(n/y)
|
2265 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
more / beyond / excessive |
*s-la-k
|
2375 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
single |
*r-kyaŋ
|
5521 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
six |
*d-k-ruk
|
5863 |
9.9 |
Numbers and numeric expression |
ten thousand |
*khrəy
|
5668 |
9.10.1 |
Roads and Ways |
path / way / channel / ditch |
*r-ka ~ *k(r)a
|
1017 |
9.10.1 |
Roads and Ways |
road |
*lam
|
3604 |
9.10.2 |
Waterways/Having to do with water |
bridge / ladder |
*m-dzam
|
3582 |
9.10.2 |
Waterways/Having to do with water |
bridge / ladder |
*s-l(a/e)y
|
5780 |
9.10.2 |
Waterways/Having to do with water |
bridge / ladder / stairs |
*s-lak ~ *s-laŋ
|
5471 |
9.10.2 |
Waterways/Having to do with water |
edge / bank / mouth |
*m-kup
|
2209 |
9.10.3 |
Governable units (towns, parts of towns) |
village |
*(d/t)yal
|
2773 |
9.10.3 |
Governable units (towns, parts of towns) |
village |
*r/g-wa
|
5746 |
9.10.3 |
Governable units (towns, parts of towns) |
village |
*nam
|
5776 |
9.10.3 |
Governable units (towns, parts of towns) |
village / crossroads |
*grwaŋ
|
5847 |
9.10.3 |
Governable units (towns, parts of towns) |
village |
*yul
|
5019 |
9.10.4 |
Farm/Agricultural places |
field (paddy) |
*lay
|
5544 |
9.10.4 |
Farm/Agricultural places |
swidden |
*s-ya
|
5435 |
9.10.5 |
Places in general, countries |
place |
*s/k-ra
|
5359 |
10 |
Grammatical Words |
inchoative particle |
*sa-y
|
5498 |
10 |
Grammatical Words |
question particle / interrogative |
*la-y
|
5382 |
10 |
Grammatical Words |
quotative particle |
*dz(y)ay-s
|
5739 |
10 |
Grammatical Words |
that / distal demonstrative |
*wa-n
|
6484 |
10.1 |
Ontological |
agentive / instrumental |
*na
|
5742 |
10.2.2 |
Morphological identifiers |
can / be able |
*m-nyaŋ
|
5450 |
10.4.1 |
Nominal |
noun prefix |
*ʔa(ŋ/k)-
|
549 |
10.4.1.3 |
Diminutivizer, intensifier, etc. |
diminutive |
*ya
|
5687 |
10.4.1.3 |
Diminutivizer, intensifier, etc. |
very / too / too much |
*m-dzya-t
|
2681 |
10.4.2.1 |
Mood |
prohibitive (neg. imperative) |
*(t/d)a
|
2195 |
10.4.3.2 |
Demonstrators |
that / this / deictic |
*m-day ~ *m-di
|
5807 |
10.4.3.2 |
Demonstrators |
this / here / proximal deictic |
*(h)i ~ *(h)ay
|
5590 |
10.5.3 |
WH words |
which / like / deictic / interrogative |
*ka
|
5735 |
10.5.3 |
WH words |
which / like / deictic |
*kay
|
5589 |
10.5.3 |
WH words |
which / like / deictic |
*kaŋ
|
167 |
10.5.3 |
WH words |
what |
*(b/m)a-y
|
2436 |
10.6.2 |
Negative |
(negative) |
*ma
|