Wiktionary

a

(Redirected from ａ)
See also: A, ᴀ, and Appendix:Variations of "a"

a U+0061, a
LATIN SMALL LETTER A
← `
[U+0060] 		Basic Latin b →
[U+0062]
ᵃ U+1D43, ᵃ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL A
← ᵂ
[U+1D42] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵄ →
[U+1D44]
ａ U+FF41, ａ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER A
← ｀
[U+FF40] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｂ →
[U+FF42]

Translingual edit

Etymology 1 edit

  Modification of capital A.

Pronunciation edit

  • (letter, most languages): IPA(key): /ɑː/, /a/ Big Nambas
  • IPA(file)

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
    (superscript) See ª.

Symbol edit

a

  1. (IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.
  2. (IPA, superscript ⟨ᵃ⟩) [a]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [a].
  3. (international standards) transliterates Indic अ (or equivalent).

See also edit

Further reading edit

Etymology 2 edit

Abbreviation of atto-, from Danish atten (“eighteen”).

Symbol edit

a

  1. atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.

Etymology 3 edit

From Latin annum or annus.

Symbol edit

a

  1. Year as a unit of time, specifically a Julian year or 365.25 days.

Etymology 4 edit

Abbreviation of are, from French are.

Symbol edit

a

  1. An are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares.

Etymology 5 edit

Abbreviation of English acceleration.

Symbol edit

a

  1. (physics) acceleration

Etymology 6 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from annuity?”)

Symbol edit

a

  1. (actuarial notation) Annuity; (specifically) annuity-immediate.
    ax:n̅| ― n-year annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
    ax ― life annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): 
Character=A1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Other representations of A:

Gallery edit

  • Letter styles
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of A, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase A in Fraktur
  •  
    Approximate form of Greek uppercase Α (a, “alpha”), the source of both common variants of a A in uncial script

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

 
Runic letter ᚫ (a, “ansuz”), source for Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letters replaced by a

From Middle English and Old English lower case letter a and split of Middle English and Old English lower case letter æ.

  •   Old English lower case letter a from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case letter a of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚪ (a, “āc”), derived from Runic letter ᚫ (a, “Ansuz”).
  •   Old English lower case letter æ from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case ligature æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ, “æsc”), also derived from Runic letter ᚫ (a, “Ansuz”).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lowercase, uppercase A, plural as or a's)

  1. The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Numeral edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The ordinal number first, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a (plural aes)[1]

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See a/translations § Noun.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). More at one. The "n" was gradually lost before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Cognate with Alemannic German a (“a, an”), East Franconian a (“a, an”).

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a (indefinite)

  1. One; any indefinite example of. [from before 1150][2]
    There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
    • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:
      With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]
    • 2005, Emily Kingsley (lyricist), Kevin Clash (voice actor), “A Cookie is a Sometime Food”, Sesame Street, season 36, Sesame Workshop:
      Hoots the Owl: Yes a, fruit, is a [sic], any, time, food!
    • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
      Anna, do you have a pen? — Yes. I have a pen in my bag. I have a (stressed) …
      Audio (US)(file)
  2. One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc.
    I've seen it happen a hundred times.
  3. Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little (for an uncountable noun), etc.
    They asked me a few questions.
  4. Used in some adverbial phrases denoting degree or extent, such as a little, a bit, a lot, etc.
    The door was opened a little.
  5. The same; one and the same. Used in phrases such as of a kind, birds of a feather, etc.
    We are of a mind on matters of morals.
    They're two of a kind.
  6. Any; every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope.[1]
    A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
  7. Any; used with a negative to indicate not a single one.[3]
    It was so dark that we couldn't see a thing.
    He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
  8. Used before an adjective that modifies a noun (singular or plural) delimited by a numeral.
    a staggering three million dollars
    The holidays are a mere one week away.
  9. One; someone named; used before a person's name, suggesting that the speaker knows little about the person other than the name.[4]
    We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
  10. Used before an adjective modifying a person's name.
    • 2018, “Rwandan court drops all charges against opposition figure”, in Associated Press:
      "I will continue my campaign to fight for the rights of all Rwandans," a surprised but happy Rwigara told reporters after celebrating.
  11. Someone or something like; similar to;[3] Used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.
    The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
    The man is a regular Romeo.
Usage notes edit
Main appendix: English articles#Indefinite articles
  • In standard English, the article a is used before consonant sounds, while an is used before vowel sounds; for more, see the usage notes about an.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See an/translations § Article.
See also edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. To do with separation; In, into. [from before 1150][2]
    Torn a pieces.
  2. To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.[from before 1150][2]
    I brush my teeth twice a day.
  3. To do with status; In. [from before 1150][2]
  4. (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto. [from before 1150][2]
    Stand a tiptoe.
  5. (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing. [from before 1150][2]
  6. (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in. [16th c.][2]
  7. (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into. [16th c.][2]
  8. (obsolete) To do with method; In, with. [from before 1150][2]
  9. (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In. [from before 1150][2]
    A God’s name.
Usage notes edit
  • (position, direction): Can also be attached without a hyphen, as aback, ahorse, afoot. See a-
  • (separation): Can also be attached without hyphen, as asunder. See a-
  • (status): Can also be attached without hyphen, as afloat, awake. See a-.
  • (process): Can also be attached with or without hyphen, as a-changing
See also edit

Etymology 4 edit

From Middle English a, ha contraction of have, or haven.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

a

  2. (archaic or slang) Have. [between 1150 and 1350, continued in some use until 1650; used again after 1950]
    I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
    • 1884, Robert Holland, M.R.A.C., A Glossary of Words Used in the County of Chester, volume Part I--A to F., London: English Dialect Society, page 1:
      Oi'd a gen im a clout, if oi'd been theer.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      So would I a done by yonder ſunne
      ?And thou hadſt not come to my bed.
Usage notes edit
  • Now often attached to preceding auxiliary verb. See -a.
Derived terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

From Middle English a, a reduced form of he (“he”)/ha (“he”), heo (“she”)/ha (“she”), ha (“it”), and hie, hie (“they”).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative.[4]
    • 1855, Kingsley, W. Ho!, page 120 (edition of 1889):
      He've a got a great venture on hand, but what a [it] be he tell'th no man.
    • 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 2:
      Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a [they] says what's nawways true.
    1. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, the third-person singular nominative.
      • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
        a’ brushes his hat o’ mornings.
      • 1795, Peter Pindar, The Royal Visit to Exeter, a Political Epistle: by John Ploughshare ... published by Peter Pindar, Esq, page 5:
        Well! in a come [in he came]—KING GEORGE to town, / With doust and zweat az netmeg brown, / The hosses all in smoke;
      • 1860, Kite, Sng. Sol., ii, 16:
        A do veed amang th' lilies.
      • 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 7, version of 1917, Raymond Macdonald Alden, Alfred Tennyson, how to Know Him, page 226:
        "The amoighty's a taakin' o' you to 'issén, my friend," a said, […]
    2. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) She, the third-person singular nominative.
      • 1790, Grose, MS. add. (M.):
        A wanted me to go with her.
      • 1876, Bound, Prov.:
        Did a do it!
      • 1883, Hardy, Tover, page 124 (edition of 1895):
        A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky on her legs].

Etymology 6 edit

From Middle English of, with apocope of the final f and vowel reduction.

Alternative forms edit

  • o', o (preposition)

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  2. (archaic or slang) Of.
    The name of John a Gaunt.
Usage notes edit
  • Often attached without a hyphen to preceding word.

Etymology 7 edit

From Northern Middle English aw, alteration of all.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

a (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

Adjective edit

a (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

Etymology 8 edit

Symbols

Symbol edit

a

  1. Distance from leading edge to aerodynamic center.
  2. specific absorption coefficient
  3. specific rotation
  4. allele (recessive)

Etymology 9 edit

Adverb edit

a

  1. (crosswords) across
    Do you have the answer for 23a?
  2. (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of a.m. (“ante meridiem”) or am

Etymology 10 edit

Particle edit

a

  1. Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)
    • 2001, Louis F. Newcomb, Car Salesman: A Legacy, iUniverse (→ISBN), page 91:
      “I show a you right a here I can fuck a you.” “Is she crazy?” I asked Wyman.

Etymology 11 edit

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

Noun edit

a

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.

Translations edit

See a/translations § Cyrillic.

Etymology 12 edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah; er (sound of hesitation)
    • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
      "We will resume yesterday's discourse, young ladies," said he, "and you shall each read a page by turns; so that Miss a—Miss Short may have an opportunity of hearing you"; and the poor girls began to spell a long dismal sermon delivered at Bethesda Chapel, Liverpool, on behalf of the mission for the Chickasaw Indians.

Etymology 13 edit

Abbreviations.

  1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨a⟩.
  2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /eɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɛə˞] counts as /eɪr/.)
    Thus the word a, plus its inflection an.
  3. (stenoscript) the word a.m.
  4. (stenoscript) the prefix ad-.

Quotations edit

Additional quotations for any terms on this page may be found at Citations:a.

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gove, Philip Babcock, (1976)
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Brown, Lesley, (2003)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Oxford University Press, (2023)

Further reading edit

Abau edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a/

Noun edit

a

  1. house

Afar edit

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

á

  1. this, these (masculine)

Derived terms edit

See also edit

See Template:aa-demonstrative determiners.

References edit

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. or
  2. there

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

a

  1. probably, perhaps
  2. whether

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Standard Albanian Latin-script alphabet.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “a part. ('whether'), conj. ('or')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
  2. ^ Mann, S. E. (1948) “a”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 1

Further reading edit

  • “a”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[6] (in Albanian), 1980
  • “a”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Ama edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

a

  1. tree

Anguthimri edit

Verb edit

a

  1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull

References edit

  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

Aragonese edit

Etymology edit

From Latin illa.

Article edit

a f sg

  1. the
    a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language

Asturian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. to, towards

Derived terms edit

Noun edit

a f

  1. a (the name of the letter A, a)

Azerbaijani edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Bambara edit

Article edit

a

  1. the (definite article).

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah (expression of surprise)
  2. eh (expression of reluctance)

Pronoun edit

a

  1. they, them (plural)
  2. he, she, they (singular)

Synonyms edit

  • (they): u

Basque edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Noun edit

a (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.

See also edit

Bavarian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Cognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an).

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a

  1. a
See also edit
Bavarian articles
m n f pl
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
definite nominative der, da — das, es, des 's de d' de d'
accusative en, den 'n
dative em, dem 'm em, dem 'm der, da —
genitive1 des des der, da der, da
indefinite nominative a — a — a —
accusative an 'n
dative am 'm am 'm a, ana 'na
1) higher, formal register
  • oa (“one”, determiner)

Etymology 2 edit

Unstressed form of ea

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. he
See also edit
Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du — di — dia (dir) da
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

Etymology 3 edit

Cognate with German auch.

Adverb edit

a

  1. Alternative form of aa: also, too, as well

Belizean Creole edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. of

References edit

  • Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19.

Big Nambas edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. in

References edit

Breton edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a (triggers soft mutation)

  1. from (expresses origin)
    tud a Vrest ― people from Brest
  2. of (indicates an amount)
    un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat
  3. of (expresses a quality)
    ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour
  4. after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity
    ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider
  5. after ordinal numbers with a plural noun
    tri a vugale ― three children
  6. used in negative sentences with the grammatical object
    nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco
  7. before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ
    paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]
  8. after substantivized adjectives used as nouns
    ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl
  9. combined with a personal pronoun
    gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you
    an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about
Inflection edit
  Personal forms of a  
singular plural
1 ac'hanon 1 ac'hanomp
2 ac'hanout 2 ac'hanoc'h
3 m anezhañ 3 anezho
3 f anezhi
imp. ac'hanor

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

a (triggers soft mutation)

  1. preverbal particle used when
    1. the subject precedes the verb
      ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue
    2. the object precedes the verb
      an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man

Pronoun edit

a (triggers soft mutation)

  1. (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)
    an hini a garan ― the one whom I love

Cameroon Pidgin edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”)

Catalan edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. in, at; indicating a particular time or place
    Sóc a Barcelona.
    I am in Barcelona.
  2. to; indicating movement towards a particular place
    Vaig a Barcelona.
    I'm going to Barcelona.
  3. to; indicating a target or indirect object
    Escric una carta a la meva àvia.
    I'm writing my grandmother a letter.
  4. per
  5. by
    dia a dia.
    day by day.
Usage notes edit
  • When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al.

The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’.

Derived terms edit

Chayuco Mixtec edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction edit

a

  1. or

References edit

  • Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974) Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎[7] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110

Chibcha edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

a

  1. open mouth
  2. smell, taste

References edit

  • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

Choctaw edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. yes

Chuukese edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. he
  2. she
  3. it

Adjective edit

a

  1. he is
  2. she is
  3. it is

Related terms edit

Present and past tense Negative tense Future Negative future Distant future Negative determinate
Singular First person ua use upwe usap upwap ute
Second person ka, ke kose, kese kopwe, kepwe kosap, kesap kopwap, kepwap kote, kete
Third person a ese epwe esap epwap ete
Plural First person aua (exclusive)
sia (inclusive)		 ause (exclusive)
sise (inclusive)		 aupwe (exclusive)
sipwe (inclusive)		 ausap (exclusive)
sisap (inclusive)		 aupwap (exclusive)
sipwap (inclusive)		 aute (exclusive)
site (inclusive)
Second person oua ouse oupwe ousap oupwap oute
Third person ra, re rese repwe resap repwap rete


Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

  • an (Sette Comuni)

Etymology edit

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain.

Article edit

a (oblique masculine an)

  1. (Luserna) a, an
    Maria iz a lavròunaren. ― Maria is a Lavaronese.

References edit

Coatepec Nahuatl edit

Noun edit

a

  1. water

Cora edit

Particle edit

a

  1. outside
  2. out of view (from the speaker)
  3. entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner
    atyásuuna káasu hece
    The water is pouring into the (shallow) pan.

Antonyms edit

  • u (“inside; within view”)

References edit

  • Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985) “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics

Cornish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah

Etymology 2 edit

Compare Welsh a

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

a (triggers soft mutation)

  1. Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a (triggers soft mutation)

  1. of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality)
  2. of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity)
  3. from (indicating provenance)

Inflection edit

  Standard Cornish
Singular Plural
First person ahanaf ahanan
Second person ahanas ahanowgh
Third person anodho (m)
anedhy (f)		 anodhans, anedha

Corsican edit

Etymology edit

From the earlier la.

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)

  1. the (feminine)

Usage notes edit

  • Before a vowel, a turns into l'

Pronoun edit

a f

  1. her, it (direct object)

Usage notes edit

  • Before a vowel, a turns into l'

See also edit

Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

References edit

  • “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and

Further reading edit

  • a in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • a in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Dakota edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a/

Letter edit

a (uppercase A)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

See also edit

Dalmatian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ad.

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
  2. at

Danish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

a n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er)

  1. The name of the letter A or a.
Inflection edit
Declension of a

gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative a a'et a'er a'erne
genitive a's a'ets a'ers a'ernes

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative forms edit

  • à (unofficial but common)

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. of, of...each, each containing
  2. at
  3. to, or

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

a

  1. imperative of ae

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

Alternative forms edit

  • aa (especially in names)
  • ie

Noun edit

a f (plural a's, diminutive aatje)

  2. (archaic) a stream or water
Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.

Pronoun edit

a

  1. (Brabant) you
Synonyms edit

Egyptian edit

Romanization edit

a

  1. Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥ.

Emilian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ego (“I”).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a (personal, nominative case)

  1. I
  2. we
  3. you (plural)

Alternative forms edit

  • Becomes aj- before a vowel (proclitic).
  • Becomes -ja when acting as an enclitic.

Related terms edit

Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number Person Gender Disjunctive
(tonic) 		Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Reflexive
(-self) 		Comitative
(with)
Singular First — mè a me mêg
Second — tè et te têg
Third Masculine ló al ge se sêg
Feminine lê la
Plural First Masculine nuēter a se nōsk
Feminine nuētri
Second Masculine vuēter a ve vōsk
Feminine vuētri
Third Masculine lôr i ge se sêg
Feminine el li

Esperanto edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Noun edit

a (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

See also edit

Estonian edit

Etymology 1 edit

 a on Estonian Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Noun edit

a (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd)

  1. The letter a (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet)
  2. (music) A (note)
    Synonym: la
Declension edit
Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative a- a-d
accusative nom.
gen. a-
genitive a-de
partitive a-d a-id
a-sid
illative a-sse a-desse
a-isse
inessive a-s a-des
a-is
elative a-st a-dest
a-ist
allative a-le a-dele
a-ile
adessive a-l a-del
a-il
ablative a-lt a-delt
a-ilt
translative a-ks a-deks
a-iks
terminative a-ni a-deni
essive a-na a-dena
abessive a-ta a-deta
comitative a-ga a-dega

(music):

Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative a' a'd
accusative nom.
gen. a'
genitive a'de
partitive a'd a'id
a'sid
illative a'sse a'desse
a'isse
inessive a's a'des
a'is
elative a'st a'dest
a'ist
allative a'le a'dele
a'ile
adessive a'l a'del
a'il
ablative a'lt a'delt
a'ilt
translative a'ks a'deks
a'iks
terminative a'ni a'deni
essive a'na a'dena
abessive a'ta a'deta
comitative a'ga a'dega

Etymology 2 edit

Clipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a).

Conjunction edit

a

  1. (colloquial, in fast speech) but

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

a

  1. Abbreviation of aasta.
  2. Abbreviation of aar.

References edit

  • a in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “a”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Fala edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”).

Article edit

a f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

  1. Feminine singular definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
      The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her
See also edit
Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
      The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

References edit

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[8], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese edit

Etymology edit

From Latin a.

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

German musical notation.

Noun edit

a

  1. (music) A (note)
Usage notes edit

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension edit
Declension of a (type maa)
singular plural
nominative a a:t
genitive a:n a:iden
a:itten
partitive a:ta a:ita
accusative a
a:n 		a:t
inessive a:ssa a:issa
elative a:sta a:ista
illative a:han a:ihin
adessive a:lla a:illa
ablative a:lta a:ilta
allative a:lle a:ille
essive a:na a:ina
translative a:ksi a:iksi
abessive a:tta a:itta
instructive – a:in
comitative – a:ineen
Derived terms edit
compounds

Franco-Provençal edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. to
  2. at

French edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a m or f (plural as)

  1. a, the name of the Latin-script letter A

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Quebec eye-dialect spelling of elle.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a f

  1. (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”)
    C’te fille-là, a’a l’air cute.
    That girl, she looks cute.

Etymology 3 edit

From Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir
    Elle a un chat.
    She has a cat.

See also edit

Further reading edit

Fula edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form)
Usage notes edit
  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead.
See also edit
  • aɗa (second person singular subject pronoun; long form), hiɗa (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon)
  • aan (emphatic form) (Maasina)
  • an (emphatic form) (Pular)
  • maaɗa (second person singular possessive pronoun (Adamawa))
  • -maa (second person singular dependent pronoun (Adamawa))

Galician edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin ad (“to, toward”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a̝/

Preposition edit

a

  1. to, toward; indicating direction of motion
  2. introducing an indirect object
  3. used to indicate the time of an action
  4. (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range
    de cinco a oito ― from five to eight
  5. by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action
    a pé ― on foot
  6. for; indicates price or cost
Usage notes edit

The preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á.

Derived terms edit
at/to + the table
- Singular Plural
Masculine ao (ó) aos (ós)
Feminine á ás

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a̝/

Article edit

a f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes edit

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na.

Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[1]

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /ˈa/

Noun edit

a m (plural as)

  1. a (name of the letter A, a)

Etymology 4 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun edit

a

  1. accusative of ela
Usage notes edit

Due to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel:

  • Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a
  • Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a
  • El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a
  • Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a
  • Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a

References edit

  1. ^ Vaz Leão, Ângela (2000) “Questões de linguagem nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X”, in Scripta‎[1], volume 4, number 7, →DOI, retrieved 16 November 2017, pages 11-24

German edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as)

  1. Alternative form of A

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

a

  1. Abbreviation of a-Moll.
  2. Abbreviation of Ar.

Gilbertese edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

a

  1. four

Gothic edit

Romanization edit

a

  1. Romanization of 𐌰

Grass Koiari edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. you (singular)

References edit

  • 2010, Terry Crowley & Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 142.

Gun edit

Etymology edit

Cognates include Fon à.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

à

  1. you (second-person singular subject pronoun)

See also edit

Gungbe personal pronouns
Number Person Emphatic Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Determiner
Singular First nyɛ́, yẹ́n ùn, n mi cé, ṣié
Second jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀ à wè tòwè
Third éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀ é è étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
Plural First mílɛ́, mílẹ́ mí mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
Second mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́ mì mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
Third yélɛ́, yélẹ́ yé yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

Haitian Creole edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a/

Article edit

a

  1. the, definite article

Usage notes edit

This term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns.

See also edit

Hawaiian edit

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and (used between sentences)
  2. until, up to

Preposition edit

a

  1. of, belonging to

Usage notes edit

  • Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

Hokkien edit

For pronunciation and definitions of a – see 阿.
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 阿).

Hungarian edit

Etymology 1 edit

See az.

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a (definite)

  1. the
    a hölgy ― the lady
  2. (before some time phrases) this
    a héten ― (during) this week
    a télen ― (in) this winter
Usage notes edit

Used before words starting with a consonant.

Related terms edit
  • az (for words starting with a vowel sound)

Pronoun edit

a (demonstrative)

  1. (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that
    A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house.

Determiner edit

a (demonstrative)

  1. (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) Alternative form of az (“that”).
    Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék.[1] ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about.
    November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month.
    Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect…
    amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (letter or phoneme itself): IPA(key): [ˈɒː][2]
  • (identifier or musical note): IPA(key): [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A)

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  2. The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  3. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
Derived terms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a heti at e-nyelv.hu
  2. ^ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280

Further reading edit

Icelandic edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a ?

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.

See also edit

Ido edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /a/

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Noun edit

a (plural a-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

See also edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. Apocopic form of ad

Related terms edit

  • e (“and”)
  • o (“or”)

Igbo edit

Letter edit

a (upper case A, lower case a)

  1. The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

  • e (neutral tongue position)

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).
    A gwara ya ka ọ bịa.
    He/she was told to come.
Usage notes edit
  • Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.
See also edit
Igbo personal pronouns
dependent independent object/possesive
Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ
second ị, i ngị, gị gị
third ọ, o ya
Plural first anyị
second ụnụ
third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
Indefinite a/e - -

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

a

  1. this.
Related terms edit

Indo-Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

From Portuguese a.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Sri Lankan Creole) IPA(key): /a/, /ə/

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
    • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3 (overall work in German):
      […] , que da-cá su quião que ta pertencê a êll.
      […] , to give him his share which belongs to him.

Indonesian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈa/, [ˈa]
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /a/

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called id and written in the Latin script.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

See also edit

Further reading edit

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and, but
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 17:
      A siä Jaakko, kuhu määt?
      And you Jaakko, where are you going?
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
      keskipäivääl hää [päivyt] on kaikkiin ylemmääl, a siis alkaa laskiissa.
      on midday it [the Sun] is highest, and then it starts to descend.

References edit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

Interlingua edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. to, at
  2. to, for (indicating purpose)
    sala a attender ― waiting room

Derived terms edit

Inupiaq edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. listen, hark
  2. oops (used to acknowledge an error)
  3. oh (used to express surprise)

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.

Determiner edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. his, its
    a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother
    Chaill an t-éan a chleití.
    The bird lost its feathers.

Determiner edit

a (triggers h-prothesis)

  1. her, its
    a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother
    Bhris an mheaig a heiteog.
    The magpie broke its wing.

Determiner edit

a (triggers eclipsis)

  1. their
    a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother
    a dtithe ― their houses
    a n-ainmneacha ― their names
  2. (Connacht) our
  3. (Connacht) your (plural)
See also edit
Irish personal pronouns
Number Person (and gender) Conjunctive
(emphatic) 		Disjunctive
(emphatic) 		Possessive
determiner
Singular First mé
(mise) 		mo L
m' before vowel sounds
Second tú
(tusa)1 		thú
(thusa) 		do L
d' before vowel sounds
Third masculine sé
(seisean) 		é
(eisean) 		a L
Third feminine sí
(sise) 		í
(ise) 		a H
Third neuter — ea —
Plural First muid, sinn
(muidne, muide), (sinne) 		ár E
Second sibh
(sibhse)1 		bhur E
Third siad
(siadsan) 		iad
(iadsan) 		a E

L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis

1 Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

Determiner edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. how (used with an abstract noun)
    A ghéire a labhair sí!
    How sharply she spoke!
    A fheabhas atá sé!
    How good it is!

Etymology 2 edit

A reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses.

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms)

  1. introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb
    an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed
    an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows
    an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown
    nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young
    an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk

References edit

  • Gerald O’Nolan (1920) Studies in Modern Irish‎[9], volume 1, pages 89, 93–94

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

Particle edit

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

  1. introduces an indirect relative clause
    an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book
    an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away
Related terms edit
  • ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

Pronoun edit

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

  1. all that, whatever
    Sin a bhfuil ann.
    That's all that is there.
    An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?
    Did you get all that you wanted?
    Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.
    I will pay for whatever you buy.
Related terms edit
  • ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

References edit

  • Nicholas Williams (1994) “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).”
  • Gerald O’Nolan (1934) The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56

Etymology 4 edit

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. introduces a vocative
    A Dhia!
    O God!
    A dhuine uasail!
    Sir!
    Tar isteach, a Sheáin.
    Come in, Seán.
    A amadáin!
    You fool!

Etymology 5 edit

Particle edit

a (triggers h-prothesis)

  1. introduces a numeral
    a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three...
    Séamas a Dó ― James the Second
    bus a seacht ― bus seven

Etymology 6 edit

Originally a reduced form of do.

Preposition edit

a (plus dative, triggers lenition)

  1. to (used with verbal nouns)
    síol a chur ― to sow seed
    uisce a ól ― to drink water
    an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing
    D’éirigh sé a chaint.
    He rose to speak.
    Téigh a chodladh.
    Go to sleep.

Mutation edit

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
a n-a ha not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading edit

Istriot edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ad.

Preposition edit

a

  1. at
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
      At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

Particle edit

a

  1. emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
      At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

Letter edit

a f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.; a
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab.

Preposition edit

a

  1. Indicates the indirect object. to
    Porta questo cesto alla nonna.
    Bring this basket to grandma.
    Ai gatti piacciono i pesci.
    Cats like fish.
    (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
    E lo chiedi a me?
    You're asking that to me?
  2. Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to
    Andiamo a casa?
    Can we go home?
    (literally, “Can we go to home?”)
    Ora sto a Palermo, a Roma ci torno domani.
    I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
  3. Denotes the manner. with
    appena, a nuoto, a piedi, a caso ― almost, swimming, by foot, randomly
  5. Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”.
    a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you...
    A domani! ― See you tomorrow!
    A dopo! ― See you later!
    Al prossimo Natale! ― See you next Christmas!
  7. Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with
    pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs
    cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant
    shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo
    patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps
  8. (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
    Chiama a Paolo.
    Call Paolo.
    E non ci avevi visto a noi?
    And you didn't see us?
    the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
    Ascolti a me, signó!
    Listen to me, ma'am!
  9. (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something.
    Al ladro! ― Thief!
    Al fuoco! ― Fire!
    Al lupo! ― Wolf!
    All'attacco! ― Attack!
    All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates)
  10. (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds.
    che stai a di'? ― what are you saying?
    stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping
  11. Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by
    a due a due ― two by two; in pairs
    a poco a poco ― little by little
  12. Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangable with da.
    L'ho sentito dire a Livia.
    I heard Livia say it.
    (literally, “I heard it said by Livia.”)
    • c. 1909, Luigi Pirandello, chapter 2.3, in I vecchi e i giovani:
      Mi duole, creda, sinceramente, veder fare a un uomo come lei, per cui ho tanta stima, una figura... non bella, via! non bella.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes edit
  • When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad is used instead.
  • When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
a + article Combined form
a + il al
a + lo allo
a + l' all'
a + i ai
a + gli agli
a + la alla
a + le alle
Descendants edit
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

a

  1. Misspelling of ha.

References edit


Further reading edit

Jamaican Creole edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. Indicates location: at, in, on.
    a mi yaad
    at my home
  2. of
    Yunaitid Stiet a Amoerka
    United States of America
  3. to
    Dem go a maakit. Mi a-go a skuul.
    They go to the market. I'm going to school.

Verb edit

a

  1. be
    1. is, it's
      Jumieka a wahn ailan konchri.
      Jamaica is an island country.
    2. are, am
      Wi a api.
      We are happy.
      Mi a di tiicha.
      I am the teacher.
    3. there is, there are
      A tuu apruoch tu Ort sayans.
      There are two approaches to Earth science.

Particle edit

a

  1. Habitual present tense marker.
    wan plies we dem a plie haki mach
    a place where they play hockey matches
  2. Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form.
    a laaf, a ron, a iit
    laughing, running, eating

See also edit

Further reading edit

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

a

  1. Rōmaji transcription of あ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ア

Jersey Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʊ/, /ɑ/

Letter edit

a

  1. A letter of the Jersey Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

K'iche' edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

a

  1. masculine youth indicator

Adverb edit

a

  1. (interrogatory) indicator of a question

Pronoun edit

a

  1. your

References edit

Kabuverdianu edit

Letter edit

a (uppercase A)

  1. The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Kabyle edit

Alternative forms edit

Determiner edit

a

  1. this
    a rgaz a
    this man

Kalasha edit

Etymology edit

From Sanskrit अहम् (ahám).

Pronoun edit

a (Arabic آ)

  1. I (1st-person personal pronoun)

See also edit

Kalasha personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person a / آ ábi / آبی
2nd person tu / تُو ábi / آبی
3rd person (near) ía / اِیا émi / ایمی
3rd person (far) ása / آسا éḷi / ایࣇی
3rd person (absent) se / سے te / تے

Kapampangan edit

Ligature edit

a

  1. connects adjectives to nouns
    Romantiku a bengi.
    A romantic night.
    Pinakapalsintan a tau.
    The person I love the most.
    Mayap a abak.
    Good morning.
    Mayap a bengi.
    Good night.
    Dakal a salamat.
    Thank you very much.

See also edit

Kari'na edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah, aah

References edit

  • Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎[10], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 213
  • Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “a”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎[11], University of Oregon, page 707

Kashubian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa/
  • Syllabification: a

Etymology 1 edit

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

Letter edit

a (lowercase, uppercase A)

  1. The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)

Noun edit

a n (indeclinable)

  1. (music) a (note)

Etymology 3 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

Interjection edit

a

  1. interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

Further reading edit

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎[12] (in Kashubian), page 1
  • Bernard Sychta (1967-1973) “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 1, page 1
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[13], volume 1, page 9
  • “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
  • “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Kayan edit

Letter edit

a

  1. a the first letter of Kayan alphabet.

Pronoun edit

a

  1. used for he, she, third person.

Koitabu edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. you (singular)

References edit

  • Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

Krisa edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a/

Noun edit

a m

  1. pig
    Nana a doma.
    I shot your pig.

References edit

  • Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004).

Ladin edit

Etymology edit

From Latin a.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. in
  2. at
  3. to

Derived terms edit

Lashi edit

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

a

  1. not

References edit

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[14], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latgalian edit

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear:

  • Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)).
  • Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō.

Compare Lithuanian o.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈa]
  • Hyphenation: a

Conjunction edit

a f

  1. and, but

References edit

  • A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan.

Pronunciation edit

(letter name):

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet.
    littera a ― the letter a

Etymology 2 edit

From Etruscan.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ā f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter A.
Coordinate terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative form of ab by apocope (not used before a vowel or h).

Alternative forms edit

  • à (earlier in New Latin)
  • ab

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

ā (+ ablative)

  1. (indicating ablation) from, away from, out of
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:
      Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Matrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
      The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine (separate them) from the Belgae.
  2. (indicating ablation) down from
  3. (indicating agency: source of action or event) by, by means of
    • 45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2:
      Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.
      Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.
  4. (indicating instrumentality: source of action or event) by, by means of, with
  5. (indicating association) to, with
  6. (indicating location) at, on, in
  7. (time) after, since
Usage notes edit

Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.

  • Liber ā discipulō aperītur.
    The book is opened by the student.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Italian: a
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

Etymology 4 edit

Expressive.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ā

  1. ah

Further reading edit

  • “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • a in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • a - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.

Latvian edit

Etymology edit

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

 
A

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Noun edit

a m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

See also edit

Further reading edit

Laz edit

Determiner edit

a

  1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

Letter edit

a

  1. The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Numeral edit

a

  1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

Ligurian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Ligurian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine  a e

Article edit

a f sg (plural e)

  1. the

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad.

Preposition edit

a

  1. in
  2. at
  3. to
    Vàddo a câza. ― I'm going home. (literally, “I go to home.”)
  4. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
    A mæ seu ghe fa mâ 'n bràsso. ― My sister's arm hurts. (literally, “To my sister an arm hurts.”)
a + article Combined form
a + o a-o
a + a a-a
a + i a-i
a + e a-e

Livonian edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Louisiana Creole edit

Etymology edit

From French avoir (“to have”).

Verb edit

a

  1. to have

Lower Sorbian edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Lushootseed edit

Letter edit

a

  1. The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel.

Malay edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Interjection edit

a (Jawi spelling ا)

  1. Used to show excitement or to show agreement.
    A, macam itulah sepatutnya kaujawab!
    Yes, that's how you should answer!
  2. Used to show that you have forgotten or are attempting to remember something.
    Dia ni, a, salah seorang Perdana Menteri Britain dulu.
    This guy is, uh, one of Britain's Prime Ministers in the past.

Further reading edit

Maltese edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /a/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /aː/ (long phoneme)

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

a (a5／a0, Zhuyin ˙ㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啊
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 阿

a

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of á.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of à.

Usage notes edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mandinka edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. he, him (personal pronoun)
    A m busa ― He/she struck me.
    Y a busa ― They struck him/her.
  2. she, her (personal pronoun)
  3. it (personal pronoun)

See also edit

Mandinka personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person nte, n, m ntolu, ntelu, n
2nd person ite, i altolu, altelu, al
3rd person ate, a itolu, itelu, y

Maori edit

Particle edit

a

  1. of
  2. (determinative particle for names)
  3. (particle for pronouns when succeeding ki, i, kei, and hei)

Usage notes edit

  • When used in the sense of of, suggests that the possessor has control of the relationship (alienable possession).

Masurian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈa]
  • Syllabification: a

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. (contrastive) and, but, whereas
  2. (coordinating) and; at that

Particle edit

a

  1. sometimes neutral or emphatic, used to start a sentence or question

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a.

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah! used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something

Further reading edit

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “a”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎[15], volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 107-109

Mezquital Otomi edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. expresses satisfaction, pity, fright, or admiration

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

a

  1. (transitive) wake, awaken

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Otomi *ʔɔ, from Proto-Otomian *ʔɔ.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

a

  1. flea
Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo‎[16] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 1
  • Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)‎[17] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3

Middle Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

Noun edit

â f

  1. (rare) river, stream, water

Inflection edit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • “a (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Alternative form of an (mainly preconsonantal)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. (Late Middle English) Alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 3 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Alternative form of heo (“she”)

Etymology 4 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

Etymology 5 edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

Etymology 6 edit

Numeral edit

a

  1. (Northern, Early Middle English) Alternative form of oo (“one”)

Middle French edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old French a, from Latin ad.

Alternative forms edit

  • à (after 1550)

Preposition edit

a

  1. to; towards

Etymology 2 edit

From Old French, from Latin habet.

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir

Middle Welsh edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. O (vocative particle)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. who, which, that

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. inserted before the verb when the subject of direct object precedes it

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. used to introduce a direct question
  2. whether, used to introduce an indirect question

Etymology 4 edit

Reduction of o (“from”).

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. used between a focused adjective and the noun it modifies

Etymology 5 edit

From Old Welsh ha.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a (triggers aspiration)

  1. and

Etymology 6 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a (triggers aspiration)

  1. with

Etymology 7 edit

From Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular present indicative of mynet

Mutation edit

Middle Welsh mutation
Radical Soft Nasal H-prothesis
a unchanged unchanged ha
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Mòcheno edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, a”).

Article edit

a (oblique masculine an)

  1. a, an

References edit

Mopan Maya edit

Article edit

a

  1. the

References edit

  • Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

Mountain Koiari edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. you (singular)

References edit

  • Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

Murui Huitoto edit

Adverb edit

a

  1. Superseded spelling of aa.

References edit

  • Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[18] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 19

Nauruan edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. I (first person singular pronoun)
    • 2000, Lisa M Johnson, Firstness of Secondness in Nauruan Morphology (overall work in English):
      a pudun
      1sing fall+Vn
      I fell
      […]
      a nuwawen
      1pers.sing. go+Vn
      I did go. (I left.)
      […]
      a kaiotien aem
      [1pers.sing.] [hear+Vn] [your words]
      I hear what you said.
      […]
      a nan imoren
      1pers.sing. FUT health+Vn
      I shall be cured (get better).

Navajo edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    a = /a˨/
    ą = /ã˨/
    á = /a˥/
    ą́ = /ã˥/
    aa = /aː˨˨/
    ąą = /ãː˨˨/
    áa = /aː˥˨/
    ą́ą = /ãː˥˨/
    aá = /aː˨˥/
    ąą́ = /ãː˨˥/
    áá = /aː˥˥/
    ą́ą́ = /ãː˥˥/

See also edit

Neapolitan edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin de ab.

Preposition edit

a

  1. from (referring to a place)
  2. by (introducing the actor in the passive voice)
  3. to (implying necessity)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad.

Preposition edit

a

  1. in (locative: staying in a place of relative width)
  2. to (locative: moving towards a place of relative width)
  3. to (dative)

Nias edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb edit

a (imperfective manga)

  1. (transitive) to eat

References edit

  • Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 15.

Norman edit

Verb edit

a

  1. (Guernsey) third-person singular present indicative of aver

Norwegian Bokmål edit

 
The letter a from the Norwegian alphabet.

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite  , from Proto-Sinaitic  , from Egyptian 𓃾, representing the head of an ox.

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (uppercase A)

  1. The first letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Noun edit

a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-er, definite plural a-ene)

  1. the letter a, the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet
    fra A til B ― from A to B
    fra A til Å ― from A to Z
    har man sagt a, må man si b ― if you have said A, you should say B
    • 1999, Lars Roar Langslet, I kamp for norsk kultur, page 234:
      bruken av a i bestemt form i hunkjønnsord
      the use of a in the definite form of feminine words
  2. indicates the first or best entry of a list, order or rank
    Synonyms: A-, a-
    oppgang A ― apartment entrance A
    blodgruppe A ― blood group A
    førerkort i klasse A ― (motorcycle) driver's license in class A
    øl i klasse A ― beer in class A (with 0,0-0,7 volume percent alcohol)
    A post ― A post / priority mail
    A-aksje ― class A-share
    hepatitt A ― hepatitis A
    • 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker I [Collected poetic works 1], page 454:
      [bokstavene begynte] at gaa sammen, to og to: a stod og hvilte under et træ, som hedte b
      [the letters began] to go together, two by two: a stood and rested under a tree called b
    • 1920, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker V, page 389:
      begynde paa Ø istedet for A
      start with Ø instead of A
    • 1886, Arne Garborg, Mogning og manndom I, page 172:
      jeg traf sammen med et par generalbanditter, gamle gutter, storartede ranglefanter, 1ste klasse 1 A med stjerne, deilige herremænd
      I met a couple of general bandits, old boys, great revelers, 1st class 1 A with a star, lovely gentlemen
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 99:
      historie er hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel baade fra A og B om den samme sag
      story is what A thinks differently from B and what C again thinks differently from both A and B about the same case
  3. the highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale
    få A til eksamen
    receive an A on an exam
    • 2019, Helene Uri, Stillheten etterpå, page 14:
      jeg har gode karakterer. Bare A-er og B-er
      I have good grades. Only A's and B's
  4. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
    A-dur
    A major
    A-moll
    A minor
    • 1944, Børre Qvamme, Musikk, page 10:
      synge en riktig A uten hjelp av et instrument eller stemmegaffel
      sing a correct A without the aid of an instrument or tuning fork
    • 1973, Finn Havrevold, Avreisen, page 127:
      han slår énstrøken a på klaveret
      he strikes one stroke A on the piano
    • 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
      så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
      so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
  5. (physics) symbol for ampere
  6. (physics) symbol for nucleon number
  7. (horology) symbol for avance
  8. symbol for anno
  9. short form of atom-
    Synonym: a-
    a-bombe
    atom bomb (a-bomb)

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Abbreviation of atto- (“atto-”).

Symbol edit

a

  1. atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.

Etymology 3 edit

Abbreviation of ar (“are”).

Symbol edit

a

  1. an are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares
    Synonym: ar

Etymology 4 edit

From French à (“to, on, in”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. Alternative spelling of à
Alternative forms edit

Etymology 5 edit

From Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. (used in Latin expressions, before a consonant) from, of
    a posteriori, a prima vista, a priori, a tempo, a verbo, a viso, a vista
Alternative forms edit

Etymology 6 edit

From Italian a (“in, at, to”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. (used in Italian expressions, before a consonant) from, of, with
    a battuta, a cappella, a due, a dato, a konto
  2. weak form of av (of)

Etymology 7 edit

From Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).

Pronoun edit

a

  1. (dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she
    • 1948, Helge Krog, Skuespill I, page 43:
      jagu slår a ja. Og det så det kjens. Forleden dag ga hun meg en knallende ørefik
      she can certainly punch. And so you feel it. The other day she gave me a popping slap to the ear
    • 1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie:
      hu kunne ikke henge på seg så mye som et enrada perlebånd, uten at a måtte skotte opp i skyene for å høre hva den aller høyeste mente
      she could not put on as much as a single string of pearls, without having to shoot up into the clouds to hear what the very highest one meant
  2. (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she
    • 1899, Sfinx, Vi og Voreses, page 45:
      hos Hansens laa dem te klokka var ni, og 10 var a mange ganger ogsaa
      at Hansen's they laid until nine o'clock, and 10 she was many times too
    • 1954, Agnar Mykle, Lasso rundt fru Luna, page 476:
      hvor ligger a [duskeluen] henne?
      where is the hat?
    hvor er a katta di?
    where is your cat?
    Synonym: hun
  3. (dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she)
    hva gjorde du med a?
    what did you do to her?
    • 1847–1868, Halfdan Kjerulf, Av hans efterladte papirer, page 245:
      jeg [skrev] klaverstykker … en lille scherzo med nordisk motiv … «gjenta» og «Jørgen Matros», som gjør kur til ’a og «Ola Spelman» som hun foretrækker
      I [wrote] piano pieces… a small scherzo with a Nordic motif… «gjenta» and «Jørgen Matros», which makes cure for her and «Ola Spelman» which she prefers
    • 1875, Alexander Erbe, Fra skjærgaarden, page 23:
      [klokkeren] skulle da koste paa a amen
      [the clockmaker] would then cost her amen
    • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden I, page 6:
      jeg kan da gjerne skjære litt mat til a
      I could happily cut some food for her
    • 1931, Aksel Sandemose, En sjømann går i land, page 19:
      han stakk henne med kniven, riktig kylt’n midt i magan på a
      he stabbed her with the knife, really threw in the middle of her stomach
    • 2010, Helene Guåker, Kjør!:
      flere enn deg i hvert fall, di lørje, svarte jeg og så a midt i aua
      more than you at least, you skank, I answered and looked her in the eye
  4. (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her
    hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!
    if the cat runs away, you need to catch her!
    • 1895, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Over Ævne II, page 136:
      naar kjærka ikke kan holde arbejderne i ave [age], aa faen skal vi saa me’a
      when the church can not keep the workers in duty, what the hell do we do with her then
    Synonym: henne
  5. (dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her
    • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 96:
      ta a Guldborg
      consider Guldborg
    • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 64:
      har du glemt a mamma
      did you forget about mom
    • 2015, Rudolf Nilsen, Samlede dikt, page 88:
      a Paula kom plystrende hjem
      Paula came home whistling
    • 2015 March 12, Gerd Nyland, “Fire år uten radio”, in Oppland Arbeiderblad‎[19], archived from the original on 2023-01-28:
      a tante Karen, mor hennes Reidun, hadde ordne med sengeplasser i stua, Booken på en divan og a Rita på flatseng på golvet
      aunt Karen, her mother Reidun, had arranged beds in the living room, Booken on a daybed and Rita on a flat bed on the floor

Etymology 8 edit

From Danish ah (“oh”), likely from German ach (“oh”), from Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah. Also see ah and akk.

Interjection edit

a

  1. expression of surprise or horror
    a, for noe tøv!
    oh, such nonsense!
    • 1888, Herman Colditz, Kjærka, et Atélierinteriør:
      a, det er bare noe drit til han terracottaen
      oh, that is just some crap for that terracotta guy
  2. expression of admiration or happiness
    a, det gjorde godt!
    oh, that felt good!
    • 1897, Fridtjof Nansen, Fram over Polhavet I, page 345:
      a, kunde vi bare gi «Fram» slige vinger
      oh, if only we could give "Fram" wings like that
  3. used with the words yes and no to give a sense of impatience or rejection
    a jo, men hold nå fred!
    oh yes, but keep quiet now
    • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt, page 99:
      a nej, det kan være det samme
      oh no, it does not matter
    • 1874-1878, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Brytnings-år I, page 25:
      a ja, lad Schirmer tegne staburet
      oh yes, let Schirmer draw the storehouse
    • 1988, Arild Nyquist, Giacomettis forunderlige reise:
      verden er vakker, bestemor. Selv når det regner og blåser. A ja da.
      the world is beautiful, grandma. Even when it's raining and windy. Oh yes.

Etymology 9 edit

Mostly likely from Norwegian ad (“against, on”), from Danish ad (“by, at”), from Old Danish at, from Old Norse at (“at, to”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, toward, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”).

Interjection edit

a

  1. expression of anger or sorrow, especially with a personal pronoun
    uff a meg!
    oh, my!
    huff a meg!
    oh, no!
Alternative forms edit

References edit

  • “a” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “a” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
  • “a” in Store norske leksikon
  •   a on the Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia.Wikipedia nb

Anagrams edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lowercase, uppercase A)

  1. The first letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Noun edit

a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-ar, definite plural a-ane)

  1. the letter a

Etymology 2 edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah!
    Synonyms: ah, å

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.

Preposition edit

a

  1. (dialect) alternative form of av
    • c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:
      fre a Gud okka far aa Jesu Christo den herræ.
      peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

References edit

Nupe edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /a/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ã/

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

à

  1. not (placed at the end of a clause to negate it)
    Mi de eshìgi à, mi ma de dàǹgi à. ― I don't have a dog, and I don't have a cat.

Etymology 3 edit

Clipping of lá

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

á

  1. Marks the perfective aspect, for actions that are completed
Usage notes edit

á, which is derived from the verb lá (“to take”), functions like a verb so that the word order in the present perfect tense is that of a serial verb construction.

  • Musa shi dùkùn ― Musa bought a pot
  • Musa á dùkùn shi. ― Musa has bought a pot. (literally, “Musa took a pot to buy”)

Etymology 4 edit

Clipping of gà

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

à

  1. Used to express the future tense (placed before verbs)
    A à lá èbi be nakàn ― They will use a knife to cut the meat

Occitan edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin ad.

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
  2. at
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

a f (plural as)

  1. a (the letter a)

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular present indicative of aver

Old Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah!
Descendants edit
  • Czech: a

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

Particle edit

a

  1. Connective, contrasitve particle; and
  2. then, as, if
  3. yes, of course

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
  2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
Descendants edit
  • Czech: a

References edit

Old Danish edit

Alternative forms edit

  • aa (Jutlandic)

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

Noun edit

ā (genitive ār, plural ār)

  1. (Scania) stream, river
Descendants edit
  • Danish: å

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

Preposition edit

ā

  1. (Scania) on, in, at
Descendants edit

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

ā

  1. first/third-person singular present indicative of ēgha

Old Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *ahu.

Noun edit

ā f

  1. river, stream, water

Inflection edit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms edit

Descendants edit

  • Middle Dutch: â

Further reading edit

  • “ā, ē”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity, age”).

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

ā

  1. ever, always

References edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

ā f

  1. Alternative form of ǣ: law

References edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  1. Alternative form of on: to, in

References edit

Old French edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Old French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad.

Alternative forms edit

  • ad
  • à (not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form)

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
  2. towards
  3. belonging to
    fil a putain ― son of a whore
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • French: à
    • → Danish: à
    • → Dutch: à
    • → German: à
    • → Hungarian: à
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
    • → Swedish: à

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative forms edit

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir

Etymology 4 edit

From Latin ab.

Adverb edit

a

  1. by, by means of

Old Galician-Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Latin ad (“toward, to”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. to; towards

Descendants edit

  • Fala: a
  • Galician: a
  • Portuguese: a
    • Indo-Portuguese: a

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Article edit

a f

  1. Alternative spelling of á

Old Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Celtic *sosim (“this”).

Alternative forms edit

  • (relative pronoun): an

Article edit

a

  1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of in

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Pronoun edit

a (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause using a deuterotonic or absolute verb form)

  2. that which, what

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Descendants edit
  • Irish: a
  • Scottish Gaelic: a

Further reading edit

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction edit

a (triggers eclipsis, takes a nasalizing relative clause)

  1. when

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”), अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and एषाम् (eṣā́m, “their”).

Alternative forms edit

Determiner edit

a (predicative aí or áe) (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

  1. his, its
  2. her, its
  3. their

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Descendants edit
  • Irish: a (“his, her, its, their”)
  • Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, her, its”); an (“their”)

Further reading edit

Etymology 4 edit

From Proto-Celtic *ā (compare Welsh a), from Proto-Indo-European *ō (compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō).

Alternative forms edit

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. O (vocative particle)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Descendants edit
  • Irish: a
  • Scottish Gaelic: a

Further reading edit

Etymology 5 edit

Particle edit

a (triggers an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel)

  1. introduces a numeral
    a deich ― ten
Descendants edit
  • Irish: a
  • Scottish Gaelic: a

Further reading edit

Etymology 6 edit

From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Preposition edit

a (combined with plural article asnaib, combined with 1st singular possessive determiner asmo, combined with 3rd person possessive determiner assa)

  1. out of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Inflection edit
Inflection of a
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. asum
2d person sing. essiut
3d sing. masc./neut., dative as(s), es
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative
3d sing. fem., dative e(i)ssi, esse essisi
3d sing. fem., accusative
1st person pl.
2d person pl.
3d person pl., dative es(s)ib, eissib
3d person pl., accusative
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Irish: as
  • Manx: ass
  • Scottish Gaelic: à

Further reading edit

Old Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)
Descendants edit
  • Masurian: a
  • Polish: a
  • Silesian: a

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
  2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
  3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
  4. emphasizes a question
  5. introduces a new sentences
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Masurian: a
  • Polish: a
  • Silesian: a

References edit

Old Swedish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ā f

  1. creek, river

Declension edit

Declension of ā (ō-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ā āin ā(r) āna(r)
accusative ā āna ā(r) āna(r)
dative ā ānni ām āmin, -men
genitive ā(r) ārinnar ā ānna

Descendants edit

  • Swedish: å

References edit

Omaha-Ponca edit

Noun edit

a

  1. arm

References edit

Ometepec Nahuatl edit

Noun edit

a

  1. water

Oromo edit

Noun edit

a (plural aa)

  1. The first letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Palauan edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a.

Article edit

a

  1. a, the

Etymology 2 edit

From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a, from Proto-Austronesian *a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. linking particle

Papiamentu edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case upper case, A)

  1. The first letter of the Papiamentu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2 edit

Particle edit

a

  1. Indicates the past tense.
    Mi a papia kuné. ― I talked to him.

Etymology 3 edit

From Portuguese a.

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
  2. by
  3. at
Usage notes edit
  • Only used in set expressions from Spanish.

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

Letter edit

a (lowercase, uppercase A)

  1. The first letter of the Polish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    małe a ― a minuscule/small/little a
    duże a ― a capital/big/large a
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) First attested in the the year 1551.[1]

Noun edit

a n (indeclinable)

  1. a, near-open central vowel
    samogłoska a ― the vowel a
    powiedzieć a ― to say a
  2. (music) a (note)
    zagrać a ― to play an a
    zaśpiewać a ― to sing an a

Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Abbreviation of ar.

Noun edit

a m inan

  1. (metrology) Abbreviation of ar.

Etymology 4 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
    A ty? ― And you?
    Wolisz tabletki, a ja wolę zastrzyki. ― You prefer pills whereas I prefer injections.
  2. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
    walka między dobrem a złem ― battle between good and evil
  3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
    Poszukasz, a znajdziesz. ― If you seek it, then you shall find it.
  4. and (used after a verb to indicate it will last a long time)
    pracować a pracować ― to work and work (for a long time)
  5. such and such (used when the speaker does not want to be more specific, when repeating an element)
  6. is (used to show some connection between two objects which are very different from each other)
  7. what about
    Ja jestem gotowy, a ty? ― I'm ready, what about you?
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a.

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)

Trivia edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), a is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 555 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 507 times in essays, 703 times in fiction, and 1175 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3226 times, making it the 13th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “a”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 1

Further reading edit

  • a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “A”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 May 31
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[23]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[24]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[25] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

letter
article, pronoun

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  2. The first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Noun edit

a m (plural as)

  2. Alternative spelling of á
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa (with the disappearance of an initial l; compare Spanish la).

Article edit

a

  2. feminine singular of o
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also edit
Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun edit

a f (third-person singular)

  2. her, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ela)
    Encontrei-a na rua. ― I met her/it on the street.
Usage notes edit
  • Becomes -la after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos (“us”) and vos (“plural you”), and the adverb eis (“here is; behold”); the final letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver (“to see”): Posso vê-la? — “May I see her/it?”
    After pôs (“he/she/it put”): Ele pô-la ali. — “He put her/it there.”
    After fiz (“I made; I did”): Fi-la ficar contente. — “I made her/it become happy.”
    After nos (“us”): Ela deu-no-la relutantemente. — “She gave her/it to us reluctantly.”
    After eis (“here is; behold”): Ei-la! — “Behold her/it!”
  • Becomes -na after a nasal vowel or diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
    Detêm-na como prisioneira. — “They detain her/it as a prisoner.”
  • In informal Brazilian Portuguese, the nominative form ela (“she”) is more commonly used.
    Eu a vi. → Eu vi ela.: “I saw her/it.”
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

See also edit

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for more.

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”) and ab (“from, away, by”).

Preposition edit

a

  2. to, introduces the indirect object
    Synonym: para
    Dê-o a mim. ― Give it to me.
    Meu coração pertence a você. ― My heart belongs to you.
  4. to; towards, indicates destination
    Synonyms: para, até
    Vamos a Paris! ― Let’s go to Paris!
  6. away, indicates a physical distance
    A vila fica a onze milhas ― The village is eleven miles away.
    Comunicação à distância. ― Communication at a distance.
  8. with; by means of, using as an instrument or means
    Synonyms: com, por meio de
    Mataram o cão a pauladas. ― They bludgeoned the dog to death. (literally, “they killed the dog with bludgeonings”)
    A cavalo. ― On horseback.
    Livro escrito a lápis. ― A book written with a pencil.
  10. with; on, using as a medium or fuel
    Quadro pintado a óleo. ― A painting painted with oil.
    Fornalha a carvão. ― Coal furnace.
  12. by, using the specified measurement; in the specified quantity
    É mais barato comprar comida ao quilo. ― It is cheaper to by food by the kilogram.
    Os fracassos ocorrem às dezenas. ― Failures occur by the dozen.
  14. (preceded and followed by the same word) by, indicates a steady progression
    Synonym: por
    Calma lá. Resolva o problema passo a passo. ― Easy there. Solve the problem step by step.
  16. in the style or manner of; a la
    Synonym: ao modo de
    Ele puxou o temperamento ao pai. ― He inherited his temperament from his father.
    Camarão à grega. ― Greek-style shrimp.
  18. (limited use, see usage notes) at, during the specified period
    Synonyms: em, de
    Dormimos à noite. ― We sleep at night.
    O filme começa às duas horas. ― The film starts at two o’clock.
  20. (rare except in set terms) at; in, indicates a location or position
    Synonym: em
    Isto fica à frente do altar. ― This stays in front of the altar.
  22. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
    A mim ele não engana. ― He doesn’t deceive me. (literally, “To me he doesn’t deceive.”)
  24. (followed by a verb in the infinitive form) forms the present participle
    Estou a preparar a canja. ― I am preparing the chicken soup.
  26. (followed by an infinitive or present passive) to, forms the future participle
    Synonyms: para, por
    Um trabalho a ser feito. ― A job to be done.
    Nada a fazer. ― Nothing to be done.
Usage notes edit

When followed by a definite article, a is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

In the sense of to (introducing the indirect object) usage with a personal pronoun can be replaced with an indirect pronoun (me, nos, te, vos, lhe, lhes):

  • Deram um livro a ele. → Deram-lhe um livro.

In the sense of at (during the specified period) it can be used with:

Dia (“day”), manhã (“morning”), madrugada (“early morning”) use de (“of”) instead, which can optionally be used for tarde, noitinha and noite as well. Names of months, days of the month and of the week use em (“in”).

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Descendants edit
  • Indo-Portuguese: a
See also edit

Etymology 4 edit

Alternative forms edit

Interjection edit

a

  2. oh, expression of mild surprise
    A, tudo bem então.
    Oh, all right then.
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Etymology 5 edit

From homophone há.

Verb edit

a

  1. Misspelling of há.
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Etymology 6 edit

From homophone à.

Contraction edit

a

  1. Misspelling of à.
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

Rapa Nui edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa/
  • Hyphenation: a

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Maori a and Tongan ʻa.

Article edit

a

  1. the personal article, used before proper nouns

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *a. Cognates include Hawaiian ā and Maori ā.

Preposition edit

a

  1. along, towards

References edit

  • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[26], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 102

Rawang edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

a

  1. verbal suffix for marking benefactive of the V.

Pronoun edit

a (upper case A)

  1. proximate demonstrative pronoun
    Alòng èlámò.
    Dry this one.
    Ló webǿng nàí baqòé, ngàí abǿng bakngò lé" wa.
    Well, you carry that side, I will carry this side.
    A wedø nø bvttut mvjòǃ
    Oh, it is absolutely wrong to do (it) that way.

Romagnol edit

Etymology 1 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (Central Romagnol): IPA(key): [ˈaɐ̯]
  • (San Zaccaria): IPA(key): [ˈaɐ]

Verb edit

a

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of avér (“to have”)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ego.

Pronoun edit

a (plural a)

  1. (Ville Unite) I
  2. (Ville Unite) plural of a (“we”)
  3. (Ville Unite) plural of te (“you”)

Etymology 3 edit

Inherited from Latin ad, a (“to, toward”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. to; at

Romani edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Interjection edit

a

  1. oh, ah

References edit

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “a”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 134

Romanian edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Etymology 1 edit

Article edit

a

  1. feminine singular of al (“of”, possessive article)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near; at”).

Preposition edit

a

  1. (used with infinitive verbs) the infinitive marker: to
    a fi ― to be
  2. (obsolete) at (now almost completely replaced by la)
  3. (used only with a few perception verbs like suna, mirosi, arăta) like, of

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Romanian, from a late Vulgar Latin *ae(t), from Latin habet.[1]

Verb edit

(el/ea) a (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)

  1. modal auxiliary
    (he/she) has...
    A văzut acest film?
    Has he/she seen this film?
Usage notes edit

a is used instead of are to form the third-person singular perfect compus.

References edit

  1. ^ http://www.lingv.ro/RRL%201-2%202009%20Nevaci,%20Todi.pdf

Sardinian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word) in senses 1 and 2)

Conjunction edit

a

  1. (Nuorese) Only used in che a (“like, as”)
  2. (Campidanese) Only used in tottu a and a tottu
  3. used in the words for the numbers 17 and 19
    1. (Logudorese) Only used in degasette (“seventeen”)
    2. (Campidanese) Only used in dexasetti (“seventeen”) and degannoi (“nineteen”)
    3. (Nuorese) Only used in decassette (“seventeen”) and decannobe (“nineteen”)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).

Alternative forms edit

  • ad (used before vowel-initial words)
  • an (Nuorese, before words starting with d-)

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (Logudorese, Nuorese) /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))
  • IPA(key): (Campidanese) /a/ (often does not trigger final cogemination)

Preposition edit

a

  1. indicates the indirect object; to
  2. indicates the place; in, to
  3. denotes the manner; with
    a pe' (Logudorese) ― on foot

Etymology 3 edit

From Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of o.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))

Conjunction edit

a

  1. (central Sardinia) Used to introduce a question or an exhortation
    a benis? ― are you coming?
    a nos pasamos! ― Let's rest!
Usage notes edit
  • Used in expressions such as a chie ... a chie ... (Logudorese, Nuorese) and a chini ... a chini ... (Campidanese)
    a chie ridet, a chie pranghet (Nuorese) ― one laughs, the other one cries (literally, “[there's] who laughs, [there's] who cries”)
    • In these expressions, e can be used instead of a, though it's not common.
Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a3”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Sassarese edit

Alternative forms edit

  • ad (before a vowel)

Etymology edit

From Latin ad, from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

a

  2. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action; to, sometimes untranslated
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter VI, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[27], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 14, page 19:
      Si però no abeddi a paldunà all’ omini: nemmancu lu voltru Babbu paldunarà a voi li voltri piccaddi.
      [Si però no abeddi a pardhunà a l'omini: nemmancu lu vosthru Babbu pardhunarà a voi li vosthri piccaddi.]
      But, if you won't forgive man, neither will your Father forgive you for your sins.
    • c. 19th century, Sebastiano di Branca, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎[28], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 1, page 59:
      Divìlu a cha t’ha mandaddu
      Ch’iltoggu com’ edda sà,
      Ch’è superflu priguntà
      Com’ iltazi un dildiciaddu.
      [Dìvvilu a ca t'ha mandaddu
      Ch'isthoggu com' edda sa
      Ch'è superfluu priguntà
      Com' isthazi un disdhicciaddu.]
      Tell it to the one who sent you, that I feel exactly like she knows; for it is superfluous to ask an unfortunate how he's doing.
    • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Spring]”, in La poesia di l'althri (overall work in Sassarese and Italian), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13:
      Lu branu a me no piazi
      I don't like spring
      (literally, “The spring to me is not pleasant”)
  4. Used to indicate destination; to
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter III, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[29], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 7, page 8:
      Videndi però assai di li Farisei, e di li Sadduzzei, chi viniani a lu so’ battisgimu, li dizisi: Razza di pibbari, ca vi ha ammultraddu di fuggì dall’ira, chi debi vinì?
      [Videndi però assai di li Farisei, e di li Sadduzzei, chi vinìani a lu so' battìsgimu, li dizisi: Razza di pìbbari, ca vi ha ammusthraddu di fuggì da l’ira, chi debi vinì?]
      But he, seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees, who were coming to his baptism, told them: "You vipers! Who showed you to flee from the wrath that is to come?
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Pascha d’amòri [Easter of love]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 75:
      Chi prufumi di fiòri,
      canti disìzi i lu córi!
      Giunti sò li rissignóri
      a la Pascha di l’amòri.
      Such a sweet smell of flowers; so many desires inside the heart! The nightingales have come to the Easter of love.
  6. Used to indicate purpose; to
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter II, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[30], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 23, page 7:
      E andesi a abità in la ziddai, chi si ciama Nazaret
      And he went to live in the city that is called Nazareth
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Nò è succu nò l'amòri [No, love is not pastina]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 61:
      Sòri e luna gira gira
      zi passabani li dì.
      Trabagliaba a fà siènda.
      Sun and moon going around, the days went by. I was working to make money.
  8. Used with adverbs expressing position or proximity; to, sometimes untranslated
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter IV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[31], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 17, page 11:
      Caminendi però Gesù vizinu a lu mari di Galilea, vidisi due fraddeddi, Scimoni, chi si ciama Peddru, e Andria so’ fraddeddu, chi gittabani la rezza in mari (palchì erani pilcadori)
      [Caminendi però Gesù vizinu a lu mari di Galilea, vidisi due fraddeddi, Scimoni, chi si ciama Peddru, e Andria so’ fraddeddu, chi gittàbani la rezza in mari (parchì érani pischadori)]
      But Jesus, walking by the Sea of Galilee, saw two brothers: Simon, named Peter, and his brother Andrew, casting a drag into the sea (for they were fishers)
      (literally, “Walking however Jesus close to the sea of Galilee, saw two brothers, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, who were throwing a net into the sea (because they were fishers)”)
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, Sassari véccia e nóba; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 77:
      Èdda è sèmpri cu la frébba
      candu noi passemu impari
      sott’a lu só balchòni.
      She always has a fever whenever we pass, together, under her balcony.
  10. Used to indicate a moment in time; at
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “In triatu [At the theater]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 78:
      Chi nuttada di duròri!
      Nò pudia più rassignammi
      ma se’ giunta a cunfurthammi
      a l’iscida di lu sòri.
      What a night of torment! I could no longer make peace with that, but you came to comfort me at the break of dawn.
      (literally, “What a night of pain! I couldn't anymore make peace, but you came to comfort me at the coming out of the sun.”)
    • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Dipididda [Departure]”, in La poesia di l'althri (overall work in Sassarese and Italian), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 15:
      Lu disthinu di l’ommu ciamba pianu,
      ma caggi a una zerth’ora […]
      The fate of man changes slowly, but it arrives at some point
  12. Used to indicate a period of time; in
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Nò è succu nò l'amòri [No, love is not pastina]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 61:
      A li festhi, dugna tantu,
      i l’isthagnu e i lu riu
      cazzïendi a spassamira.
      In the festivities, every so often, [I was] hunting in the pond, or in the stream, to have fun.
  14. in, about, with regard to
    • c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎[32], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 15, page 87:
      Dunca lu megliu è
      Tu pensa a la to’ pazi, ed eju a me.
      [Dunca lu mégliu è
      Tu pensa a la to' pazi, ed éiu a' me.]
      So the best [thing] is: you think about your own peace, and I [think] about myself.
    • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Un cuntaddu [A tale]”, in La poesia di l'althri (overall work in Sassarese and Italian), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 49:
      Erani amigghi cari, ma, girosi
      l’unu di l’althru, […]
      […]
      s’invintàbani umbè d’innamuraddi
      gariggendi a ca più fèmmini v'abìa.
      They were close friends, but, [being] jealous of one another, they would make up lots of lovers, competing for having the most girls.
      (literally, “They were dear friends, but, jealous one of the other, they invented lots of lovers, competing in who had the most girls.”)
  16. Used to indicate a comparison; to
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter VI, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[33], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 8, page 18:
      No vògliaddi dunca assimigliavvi a eddis. Palchì lu voltru Babbu sa lu chi è nezzessariu a voi, prima chi vi lu dimàndiaddi.
      [No vógliaddi dunca assimigliavvi a eddi. Parchì lu vosthru Babbu sa lu chi è nezzessàriu a voi, prima chi vi lu dimàndiaddi.]
      So do not be similar to them, because your Father knows what you need, before you ask him.
  18. Denotes the direct object
    • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter I, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎[34], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 2, page 1:
      Abramu generesi a Isaccu. Isaccu generesi a Giacobbu. Giacobbu generesi a Giuda, e a li so’ fraddeddi.
      Abraham begot Isaac, and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot Judah and his brothers
    • c. 19th century, Gavino Serra, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎[35], volume 2 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, song 42, page 129:
      Di tanti cantendi, e tanti
      Mancuna incantesi a me,
      Ma da ch’aggiu intesu a te
      Tu sei l’unica ch’incanti.
      Of so, so many singers, not one enchanted me; yet, since I've heard you, you're the only one who enchants.
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Tuttu m’ammentu… [I remember everything…]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina, page 123; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN:
      E nò l’aggiu iparadi chissi ingordhi
      isthruidori d’abi
      pa cuntintà a tè.
      And I didn't shoot those greedy destroyers of bees, just to make you happy.
    • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Lu trabagliu [Work]”, in La poesia di l'althri (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 23:
      Abà zappu una terra asciutta e tóstha
      azzuppendi a la rocca,
      a la prunizza. […]
      Here I hoe dry, hard land, clashing against rock and thornbush.
  20. Indicates manner.
    • c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎[36], volume 2 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, song 15, page 90:
      A cori abbeltu e cun sinziriddai
      Ti diggu chi soggu omu
      [A cori abbérthu e cun sinziriddai
      Ti diggu chi soggu omu]
      With an open heart, and with honesty, I tell you that I am a man
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “In triatu [At the theater]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 78:
      E più bèdda éri di tanti
      chi i li palchi a mill’ischudi,
      a pittorri e a brazzi nudi,
      facci tinti e in brillanti,
      mi pariani puppì
      assintadi i la musthrina.
      And you were more beautiful than so many [others], who—on thousand-dollars stages, with bare breasts and arms, painted faces, and bejewelled, looked to me like dolls set in a showcase.
      (literally, “And more beautiful you were than many who on the stages for a thousand scudos, with breasts and with arms bare, faces painted and in jewels, to me seemed dolls sat in the showcase.”)
  22. Indicates shape.
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Ischolta, Rimundì! [Listen, Raimondica!]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 70:
      Peggiu pa tè chi sei fea,
      nasu a boccia e musthazzuda,
      faccia di giàtta marruda,
      vèrdhi cument’e la zèa.
      Sucks to be you, being ugly, [with a] ball-shaped nose, and moustached, [with a] sharp catlike face, green like beet.
  24. Used to introduce a question.
    • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Màggiu [May]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 81:
      A mi credi, Rusì, ch’era pinsendi
      a Giuseppinu candu sarà mannu?
      Mi pari di vidéllu a cabidannu
      in mézu a tutti l’althri vinnannendi.
      Can you believe, Rosina, that I was thinking about Giuseppino, when he's going to be grown up? I can almost see him, in September, harvesting grapes amongst all the others.
      (literally, “Do you believe me, Rosina, that I was thinking about Giuseppino, when he will be big? It seems to me to see him in September in the middle of all the others harvesting grapes.”)
    • 2020 March 25, Ignazio Sanna, “Di nomme fozzu Asdrubale [My name is Asdrubale]”, in Ignazio Sanna - Prosa e poesia in sassarese‎[37]:
      Ma tu ca sei? Da undi n’accùdi? Ah, t’abìa invitaddu Antonio? A lu sai chi da abà ti baddarài di lu frèddu a la sóra?
      Who are you? Where are you from? Oh, so Antonio invited you? Do you know that from now on you're going to dance alone in the cold?

References edit

  • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Satawalese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /a/

Pronoun edit

a (third-person singular)

  1. he
  2. she
  3. it

References edit

Kevin M. Roddy (2007), "A Sketch Grammar Of Satawalese, The Language Of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia"

Scots edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle English a, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”).

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a

  1. a, an (indefinite article)
Usage notes edit
  • Unlike English, this form can be used before both consonant and vowel sounds. However, this is not often the case in written Scots, probably due to the influence of English. [1]
Synonyms edit
  • (before a vowel): an

References edit

  1. ^ https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/a_indef_art

Etymology 3 edit

Determiner edit

a

  1. Alternative form of a'

Adverb edit

a

  1. Alternative form of a'

Noun edit

a (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of a'

References edit

Scottish Gaelic edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (etymologies 2-8) /ə/, (etymologies 1 and 9) /a/
  • Hyphenation: a

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is followed by b. Its traditional name is ailm (“elm”).
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *ā. Cognates include Irish a and Welsh a.

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. Used to mark a vocative; O
    Halò, a Ruairidh. ― Hello, (O) Roderick.

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

Determiner edit

a

  1. (triggers lenition) his, its
  2. (triggers H-prothesis) her, its
See also edit
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
Singular Plural
+ C + V + C + V
First person moL m' ar arN
Second person doL d' ur urN
Third person m aL — an, am1) an
Third person f a aH
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 4 edit

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

Pronoun edit

a (governs the relative form of the verb)

  1. who, which, that
    Cuin a chluinneas tu e? ― When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”)

Etymology 5 edit

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

Particle edit

a (triggers H-prothesis)

  1. Used before cardinal numbers not succeded by a noun
    A bheil agad a ceithir? ― Do you have four?

Etymology 6 edit

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. Used to mark the infinitive of a verb; to
    Tha mi a' dol a chadal. ― I'm going to sleep.

Etymology 7 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Preposition edit

a (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels)

  1. Reduced form of do
  2. Reduced form of de

Etymology 8 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Particle edit

a (triggers lenition)

  1. Form of an used before bheil
Usage notes edit
  • Less frequently, am may be used before bheil as well.

Etymology 9 edit

Interjection edit

a!

  1. ah!
Alternative forms edit

References edit

  • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “a”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[38], Stirling, →ISBN
  • Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “a”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[39], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

See Translingual section.

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The 1st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), followed by b.

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

Conjunction edit

a (Cyrillic spelling а)

  1. but, and (compare ȁli)
    Učio sam c(ij)elo posl(ij)epodne, a ništa nisam naučio. ― I studied for the whole afternoon, but I didn't learn anything.
    A kako biste vi to napravili? ― And how would you do that?
  2. while (on the contrary), whereas
    Stolovi su crveni, a stolice su zelene. ― The tables are red, whereas the chairs are green.
  3. (with da ne) without (usually after negative verbs)
    Ne mogu se uključiti u raspravu, a da ne napravim nered. ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess.
    Odlazi, a da nije rekao ni zbogom. ― He's leaving without even saying goodbye.
  4. (a ȉpāk) and yet
    Pravi prijatelj zna sve o tebi, a ipak te voli. ― The real friend knows everything about you, and yet he loves you.
  5. (a kȁmoli) not to mention, let alone
    U moru loših v(ij)esti teško je ostati objektivan, a kamoli optimističan. ― In the sea of bad news it's hard to stay objective, let alone optimistic.
  6. (a + i + da) even if
    A i da jesam to napravio, ne bi to učinilo neku razliku. ― Even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference.
  7. (a + i) and so, and also, and too
    Sviđaju mi se plavuše, a i ja se pokojoj svidim. ― I like blondes, and some of them even like me.
    Bili su žalosni, a i ja sam. ― They were sad, and so am I.

Etymology 3 edit

Attested since the 15th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Slovene a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

Interjection edit

a (Cyrillic spelling а)

  1. oh, ah
    a da? ― oh really?

References edit

  • “a” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “a” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • Skok, Petar (1971) “a”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 1

Sicilian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

a f

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.; a

Etymology 2 edit

From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

a f sg (m u, plural i)

  1. the (feminine singular definite article)
    Synonym: la
Usage notes edit
  • As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
  • In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
  • Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancina (liquid) and ârancina (illiquid).
Inflection edit
Sicilian articles
Masculine singular definite article Feminine singular definite article Masculine and feminine plural definite article
Definite articles (liquid) lu la li
Definite articles (illiquid) u a i
Definite articles nu
(also: un,'n) 		na

Etymology 3 edit

From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

Alternative forms edit

  • la (liquid form)

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

a f sg (plural i, masculine u)

  1. (accusative) her
    Synonym: la
    A canusci? ― Do you know her?
  2. (accusative) it, this or that thing
    Synonym: la
    Quannu tâ desi. ― When I gave it to you.
Usage notes edit
  • This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.
Inflection edit
Sicilian pronominal particles
Masculine singular pronominal particles Feminine singular pronominal particles Masculine and feminine plural pronominal particles
mi mû mâ mî
ti tû tâ tî
ci ci u ci a cî
ni nû nâ nî
vi vû vâ vî
ci ci u ci a cî

Etymology 4 edit

From the merge of Latin ad and ab.

Preposition edit

a

  1. indicates the indirect object; to
    Porta stu panaru â nanna.
    Bring this basket to grandma.
    Ê jatti ci piàciunu i pisci.
    Cats like fish.
    (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
    E mû dumanni a mìa?
    You're asking that to me?
  2. indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used; in, to
    Jemu â casa?
    Can we go home?
    (literally, “Can we go to the home?”)
    Cchiui staju a Palermu, a Ruma cci tornu dumani.
    I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
  4. denotes the manner; with
    a pedi, a muzzu ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
    Chiama a Paulu.
    Call Paolo.
    E nun ni vidisti cchiui a nuiautri?
    And you didn't see us?
    the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
    Ascutassi a mìa, signù!
    Listen to me, ma'am!
Usage notes edit
  • When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad (also rhotacized as ar) is used instead.
  • When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
a + article Combined form
a + u ô
a + lu a lu
a + a â
a + la a la
a + i ê
a + li a li

Etymology 5 edit

Verb edit

a

  1. Misspelling of àvi.

Silesian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: a

Etymology 1 edit

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a.

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
  2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
  3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
  4. and (used for clairification)

Particle edit

a

  1. intensifies agreement

Etymology 3 edit

Inherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a.

Interjection edit

a

  1. interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

Further reading edit

  • a in dykcjonorz.eu
  • a in silling.org

Skolt Sami edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

See Translingual section.

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Russian а (a) 'but'.[1]

Conjunction edit

a

  1. but
  2. how, what about

References edit

  1. ^ Juutinen, Markus. 2022. “Russian Loanwords in Skolt Saami”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2022 (67):75–126. https://doi.org/10.33339/fuf.110737.

Further reading edit

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[40], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Slovak edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

Letter edit

a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and
Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “a”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene edit

 
Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology 1 edit

From Gaj's Latin alphabet a, from Czech alphabet a, modification of capital A, itself derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.

Pronunciation edit

  • (phoneme, tonal variety): IPA(key): /áː/, /àː/, /ʌ́/, /a/, [â], [ǎ]
  • (phoneme, non-tonal variety): IPA(key): /aː/, /a/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/
  • Audio (letter name, non-tonal)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aː
  • Homophone: a

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  3. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Symbol edit

a

  1. (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [a].

Noun edit

ā m inan

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
  2. The name of the phonemes /a, aː, ʌ/.
Inflection edit
  • Overall more common
 
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing. ā
gen. sing. ā-ja
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ā ā-ja ā-ji
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		ā-ja ā-jev ā-jev
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ā-ju ā-jema ā-jem
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ā ā-ja ā-je
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ā-ju ā-jih ā-jih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		ā-jem ā-jema ā-ji
  • More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing. ā
gen. sing. ā
singular dual plural
nominative ā ā ā
accusative ā ā ā
genitive ā ā ā
dative ā ā ā
locative ā ā ā
instrumental ā ā ā

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Attested since the 18th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/, /á/
  • Audio (non-tonal, long)(file)
  • Audio (non-tonal, short)(file)

Interjection edit

a

  1. oh
  2. Used at the end of a sentence for confirmation, similarly to 'didn't I' in English.
    Tega nisi pričakoval, a? ― You did not expect this, did you?
Synonyms edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Indo-European *ō̃t, which is ablative form of Proto-Indo-European *e- 'this'. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a) and Czech a.

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

a

  1. but
    Synonyms: in, pa, toda, vendar

Particle edit

a

  1. contracted form of ali, particle used to form a yes- no question.
    Synonyms: kaj, ali

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • “a”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Slovincian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa/
  • Syllabification: a

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and; but”).

Conjunction edit

a

  1. and
    Synonym: ë
  2. and, but, whereas
Derived terms edit
conjunctions

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“ah!”).

Interjection edit

a

  1. ah!
    Synonyms: ach, ach, o

References edit

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

a f (plural aes)

  1. Name of the letter A.
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin ad (“to”).

Alternative forms edit

  • (obsolete) á
  • (obsolete) à

Preposition edit

a

  1. to
    • 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
      Tenía en su casa una ama que pasaba de los cuarenta y una sobrina que no llegaba a los veinte, y un mozo de campo y plaza que así ensillaba el rocín como tomaba la podadera.
      He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle the billhook.
  2. by
  3. at
  4. Used before words referring to people, pets, or personified objects or places that function as direct objects: personal a.
    Lo busca a usted.
    He is looking for you.
Usage notes edit
  • Personal a is not translated into English.
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Sranan Tongo edit

Pronoun edit

a

  1. he, she, it
    • ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎[43], Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:
      Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
      Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

Article edit

a (singular)

  1. the

Usage notes edit

Sranan Tongo makes no difference between singular and plural forms, except for pronouns and determiners and the definite article. Common nouns referring to a collection of similar items are usually treated as singular where in English they would be grammatically plural, and so are referred to with singular pronouns and determiners and the singular definite article.

Preposition edit

a

  1. at, to
    Synonym: na

Particle edit

a

  1. (copula) to be (used with a noun phrase as complement)
    Synonym: na

Usage notes edit

This particle is only used when the temporal aspect is unmarked, whether for timeless facts, or for statements where time is not considered relevant.

Sumerian edit

Romanization edit

a

  1. Romanization of 𒀀 (a)

Swahili edit

Particle edit

-a

  1. The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of
    kitabu cha mtoto ― child's book
    kiini cha yai ― egg yolk (literally, “center of egg”)
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[44], stanza 9:
      كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِ
      Kiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalali
      Brightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance

Usage notes edit

Inflection edit

Inflected forms of -a
Noun class singular plural
m-wa class(I/II) wa wa
m-mi class(III/IV) wa ya
ji-ma class(V/VI) la ya
ki-vi class(VII/VIII) cha vya
n class(IX/X) The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
u class(XI) The time allocated for running scripts has expired. see n(X) or ma(VI) class
pa class(XVI) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
ku class(XVII) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
mu class(XVIII) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

Swedish edit

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. from The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Usage notes edit

See also edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Usage notes edit

Often with multiple As. From an extended (and doubly emphasized – compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired.) A being used as an agreeing or affirmative response in spoken Swedish.

Tagalog edit

Etymology 1 edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (Abakada alphabet), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
  2. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (Abecedario), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
See also edit

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]],The time allocated for running scripts has expired. in the Abakada alphabet.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  2. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. the name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]],The time allocated for running scripts has expired. in the Abecedario.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Related terms edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  2. oh (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Alternative forms edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. ouch (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Alternative forms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Particle edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Alternative forms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Further reading edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Tarantino edit

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. in
  2. at
  3. to

Tày edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 1 edit

Particle edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. alright?; okay?; will you?
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  2. already
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognate with The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. paternal aunt
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  2. younger sister
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Tok Pisin edit

Etymology edit

Imitative or onomatopoeia.

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. eh?
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Tokelauan edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 1 edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Article edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also edit
Tokelauan articles
Impersonal
singular plural
Definite The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Indefinite The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Personal
Nominal Pronominal
Simple The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
After The time allocated for running scripts has expired./The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
After The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of
See also edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Tooro edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Particle edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of

Declension edit

Inflected forms of The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Noun class indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
1/2 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
3/4 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
5/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
7/8 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
9/10 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
11/10 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
12/14 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
13 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
14/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
15/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
16 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
18 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Turkish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

Turkmen edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Tyap edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. ah (expression of surprise, question)
  2. eh (expression of reluctance)

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. you (2nd person subject singular personal pronoun)

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. he/she (3rd person singular personal pronoun)

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. they (indefinite) (3rd person plural personal pronoun)

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.


Upper Sorbian edit

Conjunction edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. and
  2. the (establishing a parallel between two comparatives)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Further reading edit

  • “a” in Soblex

Vietnamese edit

Pronunciation edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

(classifier The time allocated for running scripts has expired.) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. a cutting tool consisting of two blades inserted into a long handle to cut grass or to harvest rice
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. to rush or charge forward at
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 4 edit

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 5 edit

Particle edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 6 edit

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Votic edit

Pronunciation edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 1 edit

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Conjunction edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. but (Following a negative clause or sentence) On the contrary, but rather
  2. However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

Etymology 3 edit

Natural. Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Interjection edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. ah!, oh!
  2. oops!
  3. ouch!

See also edit

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Walloon edit

Etymology edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. at

Welsh edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script. It is followed by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Mutation edit
  • a cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take The time allocated for running scripts has expired., for example with the word The time allocated for running scripts has expired.:

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Derived terms edit
  • Digraph sequences: The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also edit

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Mutation edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Verb edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Synonyms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 3 edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. (compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.).

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Conjunction edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. and
Synonyms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod, to be)).
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes edit
  1. a is not used with the third person singular present of the verb bod, where the relative verb form sydd is used instead
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    not *Y dyn a yw'n ifanc
  2. a is not used in indirect relative clauses, where the pronoun is part of a genitive or periphrastic construction. Instead the second relative pronoun y is used
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    not *Y dyn a oedd ei chwaer yma

West Makian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Verb edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be cooked
  2. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be done, finished
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of a (stative verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
2nd person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
3rd person inanimate The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
animate The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
imperative —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Verb edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes edit

The verb a ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do.

Conjugation edit
Conjugation of a (directional verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
2nd person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
3rd person inanimate The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
animate
imperative The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Yola edit

Etymology 1 edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Alternative forms edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Article edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. the, in later times the.
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Alternative forms edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Article edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. one
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 3 edit

Unstressed form of The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. on
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 4 edit

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 5 edit

Preposition edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

References edit

Yoruba edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Likely a The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. we (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes edit

Similar to other shortened subject pronouns, its usage is restricted and can only be found directly before a verb or pre-verbal marker. It cannot be used with particles/discourse markers such as The time allocated for running scripts has expired. or conjunctions such as The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. In those cases, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. must be used instead.

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.: The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. him, her, it (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. him, her, it (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

See also edit

See Template:yo-personal pronouns.

Yucatec Maya edit

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. you (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)

Zazaki edit

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Pronoun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. she

Zhuang edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 1 edit

Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. crow
Synonyms edit
  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. mother

Etymology 3 edit

Particle edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Zou edit

Pronunciation edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Noun edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. hen

References edit

  • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

Zulu edit

Letter edit

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

  1. The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

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