Appendix:English words by Latin antecedents

This is a list of English words derived from Latin words, including Latin nouns, verbs and adjectives. The list is organized by Latin words.

See also:

• Category:Latin appendices
• Appendix:Ancient Greek words with English derivatives
• User:Dmcdevit/word list

Contents:	A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V

A

• acere, aceo "to be sour" acid, acidic
• acervus "heap" acerval, acervate, coacervate, coacervation
• aemulus "striving to equal or excel" emulous, emulate, emulation, emulator
• aequus "even, equal" adequacy, adequate, egalitarian, egalitarianism, equal, equalitarian, equalitarianism, equality, equalize, equalizer, equanimity, equate, equation, equator, equatorial, equidistant, equilibrium, equinox, equitable, equity, equivalence, equivalent, equivocation, equivocal, inadequacy, inadequate, inequitable, inequality, inequation, unequal, unequivocal
• aestimare "to value, rate, weigh, estimate" esteem, estimable, estimate, estimation, estimator, overestimate, underestimate
• aevum, aevī "age, lifetime, generation" coeval, eternal, eternity, longevity, longevous, medieval, primeval
• ager, agrī "(arable) land, (tilled) field" agrarian, agriculture, peregrine, pilgrim
• agere, ago "to do, act" act, action, actionable, active, activity, actor, actual, actualism, actuarial, actuary, actuate, actuation, actuator, agency, agenda, agent, agile, agility, agitate, agitation, allegation, allege, ambage, ambiguous, assay, cache, coagulation, cogency, cogent, essay, exact, exacta, examination, exigent, exiguous, fumigation, fustigate, interact, interaction, interactive, intransigent, levigate, litigate, navigate, navigation, navigator, objurgate, prodigal, prodigy, reaction, reactivation, reactivate, reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reactor, redaction, retroactive, squat, transact, transaction, transactional, variegate, variegation
• alere, alo "to grow" (from here "altus") altar, altitude, altitudinous, enhance, enhancement, exalt, exaltation
• alius "other" abalienate, abalienation, alien, alienage, alienate, alienation
• alter "other" alter, alterable, alterate, alteration, altern, alternate, alternation, alternative, alternator, altruism, altruist, altruistic
• alvus "the belly" alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, alveus
• ambulare, ambulo "to walk, go about" amble, ambulance, ambulant, ambulate, ambulator, ambulatory, funambulist, perambulate, perambulation, perambulator, preamble, somnambulist, somnambulate, somnambulistic
• amicus "friend" amiable, amicable, amity, amicus
• angere "to cause pain, choke, distress, trouble" anguish, anxiety, anxious
• angulus "corner" angle, angular, angulate, angulation, pentangle, quadrangle, rectangle, rectangular, triangle, triangulate, triangulation
• annus, annī "year, season, age" annals, annual, annuity, anniversary, biennium, decennium, millennium, perennial, quadrennium, quindecennial, quinquennium, septennial, sexennial, superannuated, triennium, vicennial
• ante "before" advance, advancement, advantage, advantageable, advantageous, A.M., ante-, antecedent, disadvantage, disadvantageous, vantage
• apere, apo "to fasten, to join, to fit" adapt, adaptable, adaptability, adaptation, adaptational, adaptationism, adaptationist, adaptative, adapter, adaptive, adaptorial, apt, aptitude, attitude, attitudinal, exaptation, inept, ineptitude
• arbiter "witness" arbit, arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrator
• arbor "tree" arbor, arboreal, arboretum, arboricide, arboricity, arborize, arborization, arborvitae
• arguere, arguo "to declare, show, prove, make clear, reprove, accuse" arguable, argue, arguer, argument, argumentation, argumentative
• ars "skill" art, artful, artifact, artifice, artificer, artificial, artificiality, artisan, artist, artiste, artistic, artless, artsy, inert, inertia, inertial
• articulus "a joint, limb, member, part, division, etc." article, articulate, articulation
• astus "craft" astute, astuteness
• audere, audeo "to dare" audacious, audaciousness, audacity
• audire, audio "to hear" audible, audience, audile, audio, audit, audition, auditor, auditorium, auditory, oyez, obey, subaudition
• augere, augeo "to increase, augment" auction, auctioneer, augend, augment, augmentation, author, authority, authorization, authorize, auxiliary
• augur "an augur, a reader of omens" augur, augural, augury, inaugural, inaugurate, inauguration, inaugurator, inauguratory
• auscultare, ausculto "to listen" auscultate, auscultation, scout

B

• basis "pedestal, foot, base; etc." (from Ancient Greek) basal, base, basis
• bini "two by two" combination, combinatory, combinatorics, combine, recombinant, recombinase, recombination, recombine
• bonus "good" bonafide, bonus, bountiful, bounty, boon
• bōs, bovis "cow" beef, bovine, bugle
• brevis "short" abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, abridge, abridgment, brevet, breviary, brief, briefing, brevity, unabridged

C

• caballus "horse" cavalcade, cavalier, cavalry, chevalier, chivalrous, chivalry
• cadere, cado "to fall" accident, accidental, incidence, incident, coincide, coincidence, cadence, casual, casualty, chance, cheat, decadence, decay, deciduous, occasion, occasional, occident
• caedere, caedo "to cut" abscise, abscision, concise, decidable, decidability, decide, decision, decisive, imprecise, imprecision, incide, incise, incision, incisor, precise, precision
• caelum "sky" celestial
• calculus "a pebble" (> calculare) calculate, calculation, calculator, calculus, miscalculate, miscalculation, overcalculate, recalculate, recalculation
• calx "limestone, lime, chalk" calcite, calcium, chalk
• camera "chamber" camera, chamber, chamberlain, chambermaid, camaraderie, comrade, comradeliness, comradery, comradeship
• cancer "a crab; a tumor, cancer; lattice, grid, or barrier" cancel, cancellation, cancer, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery
• canere, canto "to sing" cantor, chant, recant, recanter, recantation
• canis, canis "dog" canaille, canary, canicular, canine, chenille, kennel
• capanna "cabin, hut" cabana, cabin, cabinet
• capere, capio "to take" accept, acceptable, acceptability, acceptance, apperceive, apperception, apperceptive, capable, capability, capacious, capacitate, capacity, capacitance, capacitation, capacitor, capture, conceit, conceive, concept, conception, deceit, deceive, deception, except, exception, exceptional, incapacitate, inception, incipient, intercept, interception, occupy, perceive, perception, perceptive, precept, receipt, receive, receptacle, reception, receptionist, recipient
• capsa, capsae "container, holder, box, case" acapsular, case, cash, cashier, capsaicin, capsicum, capsular, capsulate, capsule, encase, encapsulate, encapsulation
• caput "head" chapter, chapiter, capital, capitalism, captain, capitulate, capitulation
• caro "flesh" carnal, carnality, carnalize, carnassial, carnival, carnivore, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation
• carpere, carpo "to pluck" carpet, excerpt
• castrum "fort" castle, château, chatelaine
• cathedra "chair, throne" cathedra, cathedral, chair
• caudex "tree trunk" code, codec, coder, codex, codification, codifier, codify, decode, decoder, decoding, encode, encoder, encoding, recode, re-encode, transcode, transcoder
• causa "cause, reason, account, lawsuit" accusable, accusation, accusative, accusatory, accuse, accuser, causal, causality, causation, causative, cause, excusable, excuse, recuse
• cavus "hollow" cave, cavity, concave, excavate, excavation, excavator
• cedere, cedo "to go" abscess, accede, accedence, access, accessory, accessibility, accessible, accession, ancestor, ancestry, antecedent, cease, cede, cessation, concede, concession, decease, decede, exceed, excess, excessive, intercede, intercession, precede, precedence, precedent, predecessor, procedure, proceed, process, recede, recession, recessionary, succeed, success, succession, successive, successor, unprecedented
• celer "quick" accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity
• cella, cellae "storeroom, silo, small room, poor man's apartment" cell, cella, cellar, cellarer, rathskeller
• censere, censeo "to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc." censor, censorial, censorious, censorship, censure, census, recension
• centrum "center" center, central, centrality, centralization, centralize, centrifugal, centrifuge, centripetal, concentrate, concentration, concentric, decentralization, decentralize, egocentric, epicenter, excentric
• centum "a hundred" cent, centennial, centipede, centum, century, centurion
• cernere, cerno "to separate, perceive, decide" certain, concern, crime, criminal, decree, discern, discernible, discernment, discreet, discrete, discretion, discretionary, discriminant, discriminate, discrimination, discriminative, excrement, excreta, excrescent, excrete, excretion, excretory, indiscernible, secret, secretary, secretion, secretive, secretory
• charta "papyrus, paper" card, cartographer, cartography, cartoon, cartouche, chart, charter
• ciere, cieo "to call, summon" accite, cite, citation, excite, excitement, excitation, excitatory, incite, incitement, recital, recitation, recitative, recite
• circus "ring, circle" (> circulus) circle, circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circumference, circumstance, circus
• cīvis, cīvis "citizen" citizen, citizenry, city, civic, civil, civility, civilization, civilize
• classis, classis "fleet of ships, class of citizens, band, group" class, classic, classical, classism
• clarus "clear, bright, brilliant" chiaroscuro, claret, clarification, clarify, clarity, clear, declaration, declarative, declaratory, declare, declarer
• claudere, claudo "to shut" clause, claustrophobic, cloister, close, closure, conclude, conclusion, conclusive, include, inclusion, inclusive, exclusion, exclude, exclusive, occlude, occluder, occlusion, occlusive, preclude, preclusion, seclude, seclusion, seclusive, reclude, recluse, reclusion
• colere, colo "to till, cultivate, worship" agriculture, colonial, colonialism, colonization, colonize, colonist, colony, cult, cultic, cultist, cultivar, cultivate, cultivation, cultural, culture, cyberculture, horticulture, monoculture, occult, occultation, occultism, occultist, subculture
• comminisci, comminiscor "to devise, contrive, invent" comment, commentary, commentator, commenter, uncomment
• communis "common, general, universal" common, commonality, communal, communicate, communication, communicator, communicative, commune, communion, communism, communist, community
• cor, cordis "heart, mind judgment, dear friend" accord, accordance, concord, concordance, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, courage, courageous, discord, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, misericord, quarry, record, recorder
• corona "garland, chaplet or wreath" corona, coronary, coronal, coronate, coronation, coronet, crown
• cornū, cornūs "horn, drinking vessel, funnel, trumpet, arm (of a lake) " bicornuate, Capricorn, corn, cornea, corneous, corner, cornet, cornicopia, corniculate, cornification, cornu, lamellicorn, longicorn, tricorn, unicorn
• cras, crastinus "tomorrow" procrastinate
• creare, creo "to make, create" create, creation, creationism, creationist, creative, creativity, creativeness, creator, creature, recreate, recreation, recreational
• credere, credo "to lend, loan, believe, trust, accept as true" credence, credential, credibility, credible, credit, creditable, creditor, credo, credulous, creed, grant, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant
• cremare, cremo "to burn to ashes" cremate, cremation, crematorium, crematory
• crepare, crepo "to rattle, rustle, clatter; etc." crepitant, crepitate, crepitation, decrepit, decrepitude, discrepancy, discrepant
• crescere, cresco "to grow" accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accretive, accrue, concrete, increase, decrease, crescence, crescendo, crescent, crescentic, crew
• criterion, criterium "a test, a means of judging" criterion
• criticus "capable of judging" (from Greek) critic, critical, criticize, criticism, critique
• crūx, crūcis "cross, crucifix, torment, tormentor" cross, crucial, cruciate, crucifer, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, cruise, cruiser, crusade, crusader crux, excruciate
• culpa "guilt" culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpation, exculpatory, felix culpa
• cumulus "heap" accumulate, accumulation, accumulator, cumulus
• cura "care" accuracy, accurate, curable, curate, curation, curator, curative, cure, curio, curious, curiosity, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, proctor, proctorial, proctorship, procurator, procure, procurement, procurer, procuress, secure, securitization, securitize, security
• currere, curro "to run (hard, over), traverse, pass, skim over" concourse, concur, concurrency, concurrent, corral, corrida, corrido, corridor, corsair, courante, courier, course, current, currency, cursive, cursor, cursory, curule, decurrent, discourse, excursion, hussar, incur, intercourse, kraal, occur, occurrence, percurrent, precursor, recourse, recur, recurrence, recurrent, recursion, recursive, recursiveness, recursivity, succor
• curvus "bent, crooked, curved" curb, curvaceous, curvature, curve, curvy

D

• damnum "loss" condemn, condemnable, condemnation, damage, damn, damnable, damnation, damnify, indemnify, indemnity
• dare, do "to give" betray, betrayal, betrayer, date, dative, datum, tradition, traditional, traitor, traitorous, treason, treasonable
• dens "tooth" dental, dentist, dentistry, denture, indent, indentation, outdent, trident, unindent
• desiderare, desidero "to desire" desiderate, desirable, desire, desirous
• deterior "worse" deteriorate, deterioration
• diēs, diēī "day, time, period, space of time" adjourn, adjournment, circadian, dial, diary, diet, dismal, diurnal, du jour, journal, journey, meridian, postmeridian, quotidian, sojourn
• dicere, dico "to say, tell, declare, name" addict, addiction, benediction, condition, conditional, contradict, contradiction, dedicate, dedication, dictate, diction, dictionary, dictum, ditto, ditty, edict, fatidic, herb bennet, indict, indiction, indite, interdict, juridical, jurisdiction, maledict, malediction, malison, predicable, predicament, predicate, predicative, predict, predictable, prediction, predictive, predictor, valediction, verdict, veridical, verdictive, voir dire
• dividere, divido "to divide" dividable, divide, dividend, divider, dividual, dividuous, divisibility, divisible, division, divisor, device, devise, individual, individualism, individualist, individuality, individualize, indivisibility, indivisible
• divus "a god" divination, divine, diviner, divinity
• docere, doceo "to teach" docent, docile, doctor, doctorate, doctrinaire, doctrinal, doctrine, document, documentary, indoctrinate
• dolere, doleo "to hurt, suffer, feel pain" condolence, dolent, indolence, indolency, indolent
• dolor "pain" dolor, dolorous
• domina, dominae "mistress of the house, lady, owner, sweetheart, wife" derivatives at dominus
• dominus "owner, proprietor, master, ruler, lord" belladonna, dame, Dan, danger, Dom, domain, dominate, dominical, dominie, dominion, domino, domino, don, Donna, duende, dungeon, madam, Madame, Mademoiselle, madonna, predominate
• domus "a farmstead with its people, plants and animals" dome, domestic, domicile, majordomo
• dormire, dormio "to sleep" dorm, dormancy, dormant, dormition, dormitive, dormitory
• ducere, duco "to lead, bring" abduce, abduction, adduce, adducible, adduction, adductive, adductor, conduce, conduct, conducive, conduction, conductor, deduce, deducible, deduct, deduction, deductive, duct, ductile, duction, induce, inductor, induction, inductive, introduce, introduction, introductory, produce, product, producer, production, productive, productiveness, reduce, reducibility, reducible, reductant, reduction, seduce, seducement, seducer, seduction, seductive, seductress, transduce, transduction

E

• emere, emo "to buy" ademption, ensample, example, exemplar, exemplary, exemplification, exemplify, exemplum, exempt, exemption, impromptu, peremptory, preempt, preemption, preemptive, preemptor, preemptory, premium, prompt, pronto, ransom, redeem, redemption, sample, vintage
• equus, equi "horse" equine, equestrian, equitation
• errare, erro "to wander, stray, err, mistake" aberr, aberrance, aberrant, aberrate, aberration, aberrational, err, erratic, erratum, erroneous, error
• esse, sum "to be" absence, absent, absenteeism, essence, essential, essentialism, presence, present, presentation, quintessential
• examen "the tongue of a balance, a weighing" (> examinare) exam, examination, examine, examinee, examiner
• excellere, excello "to raise, elevate" excel, excellence, excellent, excelsior
• expedire, expedio "to bring forward, dispatch, expedite" expede, expedience, expediency, expedient, expedite, expedition

F

• faber "a workman" fabric, fabricate, fabrication, forge, forger, forgery, reforge
• facere, facio "to make" affect, affectation, affective, affection, affectionate, affecter, defect, defective, defection, defector, deficiency, deficient, deficit, effect, effectiveness, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuate, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, facile, facility, facilitate, fact, factor, factorization, faction, factoid, factorial, factory, factual, fashion, fashionable, -fy, infect, infection, infectious, prefect
• fallere, fallo "to deceive" (> falsus) fail, failure, fallacy, fallacious, fallibilist, fallibilism, fallibility, fallible, false, falsifiable, falsification, falsificator, falsifier, falsify, falsity
• familia "the servants in a household" (from famulus) family, familiar, familiarity, familiarize
• fateri, fateor "to confess, acknowledge" confess, confession, confessional, confessor, profess, profession, professional, professor
• favere, faveo "to be well disposed or inclined toward, favor" favor, favorability, favorable, favorite, favoritism, unfavorable, unfavorite
• femina, feminae "female, woman" effeminate, female, feme, feminine, femme, femme fatale
• fendere, fendo "to strike" defend, defender, defense, defensive, fence, fend, offend, offense, offensive
• ferre, fero "to bear, place" afferent, circumference, confer, conference, defer, deference, differ, different, differentiate, efferent, fertile, infer, inference, offer, prefer, preference, preferential, proffer, relatable, relate, relative, relation, relativeness, relativist, relativism, relativity, refer, reference, referent, suffer, transfer, vociferous
• ferus "wild, savage" ferity, ferocious, ferocity, fierce
• fibra "fiber, filament" defibrillate, defibrillation, fibre, fibril, fibrillar, fibrillate, fibrillation, fibrous
• fidere, fido "to trust" confidant, confide, confidence, confident, confidential, defiance, defiant, defy, diffidence, diffident, faith, faithful, faithless, fidelitous, fidelity, infidel, infidelity, nullifidian, solifidian
• fingere, fingo "to make, form, feign" configure, configuration, faint, feign, feint, fiction, fictional, fictitious, figment, figure, figurative, figurine, prefigure
• finis "limit, end" final, finale, finalist, finalize, finalization, finish, finitary, finite, finiteness, infinite, infinitesimal, infinity, transfinite, unfinished
• firmus "firm" affirm, affirmation, affirmative, confirm, confirmation, confirmative, firm, firmness, infirm, infirmity
• fiscus "basket, purse, chest, treasury" confiscate, fiscal
• flectere, flecto "to bend, bow, curve, turn around" deflect, deflection, deflective, fletch, fletcher, flex, flexible, flexibility, inflect, inflection, inflexion, reflect, reflective, reflectivity, reflex, reflexion, reflexive, reflexivity
• fligere "to strike" afflict, conflict, inflict
• flōs, flōris "flower, bud, blossom, best of (something)" cauliflower, deflower, effloresce, enfleurage, ferret, flora, Flora, floral, floret, floriated, florid, florigen, florin, florist, –florous, flour, flourish, flower, millefleur
• fluere, fluo "to flow, stream, pour" affluence, affluent, confluence, confluent, conflux, effluence, effluent, effluvium, efflux, effluxion, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, flux, influence, influx, refluent, reflux
• focus, focī "fireplace, hearth" focal, focus
• fōns, fontis "spring, fountain, source, origin" font, fountain
• forma, formae "form, shape, figure, beauty" (> formare) conform, conformance, conformity, deform, deformation, deformity, form, formal, formality, formalize, formalization, formalism, format, formation, formative, formula, formulaic, formulate, formulation, formulary, inform, information, informant, informer, reform, reformation, reformer, transform, transformation, transformer
• fortis "strong, powerful" enforce, enforcement, force, forceful, forcefulness, fort, fortify, fortification, fortress
• fortuitus "happening by chance" fortuitous, fortuity
• fortuna "fortune, luck" fortunate, fortune, unfortunate
• frangere, frango "to break" anfractuous, chamfer, defray, diffraction, fractal, fraction, fractional, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragility, fragment, frail, frailty, frangible, infrangible, infringe, irrefrangible, refract, refraction, refractive, refrain, sassafras, saxifrage
• fraus "a cheating, fraud; delusion, error" defraud, defraudation, defrauder, fraud, fraudster, fraudulence, fraudulent
• frequens "frequent, crowded" frequency, frequent, frequentative, infrequent
• frons, frontis "forehead, brow, front (of something)" affront, confront, confrontation, effrontery, front, frontal, frontispiece
• fugere, fugio "to flee" centrifuge, fugitive, refuge, refugee, refugeehood, refugium, subterfuge
• fumare "smoke" fume, fumigate, fumigation, perfume
• fundere, fundo "to pour out, shed" confound, confuse, confusion, diffuse, diffusion, effuse, effusive, infuse, infusion, found, fuse, fusion, profuse,profusion, refund, refuse, transfuse, transfusion
• fundus "bottom, base, foundation" (> fundare) found, foundation, fund, fundamental, fundament, profound, profundity
• fungi, fungor "to perform or execute" dysfunction, dysfunctional, function, functional, functionalist, functionalism, functor, fungible, malfunction
• fuscus "dark" obfuscate, subfusc

G

• gaudere, gaudeo "to rejoice" enjoy, enjoyable, enjoyment, gaud, gaudy, joy, joyful, rejoice, unenjoyable
• genus "a kind, race, family" gender, general, generalize, generalization, generality, generate, generation, genus, generic
• gerere, gero "to bear, carry, refl. bear oneself, behave, act" congest, congestion, decongestant, digest, digestion, digestive, gerund, gerundive, gesticulate, gesticulation, gesticulative, gestural, gesture, indigestion, ingest, ingestion, preregister, preregistration, register, registrar, registration, registry, suggest, suggestion, suggestive
• gignere, gigno "to beget, produce" engine, engineer, genital, genitive, genius, genial, ingenious, ingeniosity
• globus "globe" global, globalism, globalist, globalization, globalize, globe, globose, globous, globular, globule, globulin, hemoglobin
• glomus "ball" agglomerate, agglomeration, conglomerate, conglomeration
• gradi, gradior "to walk, go" (> gradus) aggress, aggression, aggressive, aggressiveness, aggressor, congress, degree, egress, egression, gradable, gradation, grade, gradient, gradual, graduality, graduate, graduation, ingredient, ingress, postgraduate, progress, progressive, progression, regress, regressive, regression, transgress, transgression, transgressive, transgressor, undergraduate
• granum "grain" coarse-grained, fine-grained, grosgrain, grain, granary, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granum
• gravis "heavy" aggravate, aggravation, aggrieve, grave, graveness, gravid, gravidity, gravitation, gravity, grief, grievance, grievant, grieve, grievous
• grex "flock, herd, drove, swarm" aggregate, aggregation, congregate, congregation, gregarious
• gurges "a raging abyss, whirlpool" ingurgitate, ingurgitation, regurgitate, regurgitation

H

• habere, habeo "to have, hold" able, cohabit, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habile, habit, habitable, habitant, habitat, habituation, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhibit, inhibitory, malady, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive
• haerere, haereo "stick, cleave, adhere" adhere, adherent, cohere, coherence, coherent, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, inhere, inherence, inherent
• halare, halo "to breathe" exhale, exhalation, inhale, inhaler, inhalation
• homō, hominis "human being, man, person, humankind" bonhomie, bonhomous, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homo, homunculus, human, humane, humanist, humanistic, humanism, humanity, humanitarian, humanitarianism, inhuman, inhumane, ombre
• hospes "host, guest" hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostel, hosteler, hostelry, hostess, hostler, hotel, hotelier
• horrere, horreo "to stand on end, shiver" horrendous, horrid, horrific, horrify, horrible, horror, ordure

I

• iacere, iacio "to throw" abject, abjectness, inject, injection, interjection, introject, introjection, object, objective, objection, objectionable, objectivism, objectivist, project, projectile, projection, projective, reject, rejection, rejective, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivism, subjectivist, surjection, surjective
• imago "a copy, likeness, image" image, imagery, imaginable, imaginary, imagination, imaginative, imagine
• initium "beginning" initiate, initial
• imitari "to copy, portray, imitate" imitate, imitation, imitator, imitative
• insula "island" insular, insulate, insulator, insulation, isolatable, isolate, isolated, isolating, isolation, isolationism, isolative, isolator, peninsula, peninsulate
• ire, eo "to go" commence, commencement, initial, initialism, initialization, initialize, initiate, initiation, initiative
• iterum "again" iterate, iteration, iterative, iterator, reiterate, reiteration, reiterative, reiterator
• iudex "judge" (from ius) judicial, judicious, judge, judgement, judgemental
• iugum "yoke" abjugate, conjugal, conjugate, conjugation, jugal, jugular, subjugal, subjugate, subjugation
• iungere, iungo "to join, yoke" conjoin, conjunction, disjoin, disjunction, interjoin, interjunction, join, junction, juncture
• ius, iuris "law" abjure, adjure, conjure, injury, jural, juridical, jurisconsult, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, jury, just, justice, nonjuror, objurgate, perjure
• iuvare, iuvo "to help" adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, adjuvant, aid, aidance, aidant, aide

L

• labi, labor "to slip" collapse, elapse, illapse, labile, lability, lapse, relapse
• labor "labor, toil, work, exertion" belabor, collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, elaborate, elaboration, labor, laborer, laborious, laboratory
• lacere, lacio "to allure, entice" delectable, delicacy, delicate, delicatessen, delicious, delight, delightful, dilettante
• languere, langueo "to be faint, weak" languid, languish, languor, languorous
• latus "broad, wide" latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian
• latus "side" lateral, bilateral, collateral, collateralizable, collateralization, collateralize, equilateral, quadrilateral, trilateral, unilateral
• laus "praise, glory, fame, reknown" laud, laudable, laudability, laudative, laudator, laudatory
• lavare, lavo "to wash" launder, laundry, lavatory, lave, lavish, lotion
• laxus "wide, roomy, loose" lax, laxity, relax, relaxation
• legere, lego "to gather, select; to read" coil, collect, collection, collective, diligence, diligent, intellect, intellectual, intellectualism, intelligence, intelligent, intelligibility, intelligible, lection, lecture, lecture, legend, legendary, legibility, legible, legion, lesson, neglect, neglectful, negligée, negligence, negligent, negligible
• levis "light" alleviate, alleviation, alleviator, elevate, elevation, elevator, levant, lever, leviate, levitation, levity, levy, relevant, relief, relieve
• lēx, lēgis "law, motion, bill, statute, rule" illegitimate, legal, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legist, legit, legitimate, lex, loyal, privilege
• liber "free" liberal, liberalism, liberate, liberation, libertarian, libertarianism, libertine, liberty
• liber "book" libel, librarian, library
• libra "pound, balance" deliberate, deliberation, equilibrium, librate, libration
• licere, licet "to be allowed, be allowable" illicit, illicitness, licence, license, licensee, licensor
• ligare, ligo "to tie, bind" alliance, alloy, ally, disoblige, lien, league, ligament, ligamental, ligation, ligature, obbligato, obligate, obligation, obligational, obligator, obligatory, oblige, obligee, obliger, obligor
• limen "threshold" preliminary
• limes "cross-path, boundary, border, limit" delimit, limit, limitation
• lingua "tongue, speech, language" language, linguist, linguistic, linguistics, lingua franca
• linquere, linquo "to leave" delict, delinquency, delinquent, derelict, relic, relict, relinquish, reliquary
• līnum "flax, linen, thread" align, crinoline, leno, line, line, lineage, linen, lingerie, linnet, linseed, lint
• liquere "to be liquid, be fluid" liquid, liquidate, liquidation, liquidity, liquidizer, liquor, liquefiable, liquefy
• littera "letter of the alphabet" illiteracy, illiterate, literal, literalness, literacy, literary, literate, literature, obliterate, obliteration, transliterable, transliterate, transliteration, transliterator
• locus, locī "place, site, spot" allocate, allocation, dislocate, dislocation, local, locality, localization, localize, locate, location, locative, locator, relocate, relocation
• longus "long" longevity, longevous, longitude, longitudinal, oblong, prolong, prolongation
• loqui, loquor "to speak" colloquial, colloquialism, colloquium, eloquence, eloquent, grandiloquence, grandiloquent, illocution, interlocutor, locution, loquacious, loquaciousness, loquacity, magniloquence, magniloquent, perlocution
• lucere, luco "to shine" (> lustrum) elucidate, illustrate, illustration, illustrious, lucent, lucid, lucidity, luster, pellucid, relucent, translucent
• luctari, luctor "to struggle" obluctation, reluctance, reluctant, ineluctable
• ludere, ludo "to play, mimic, deceive" allude, allusion, collude, collusion, delude, delusion, elude, elusive, illusion, interlude, ludic, ludicrous, prelude, prolusion
• luere "to wash" diluent, dilutant, dilute, dilution, diluvium
• lugere, lugeo "to mourn, grieve, lament" lugubrious
• lumen "light" abluminal, adluminal, intraluminal, lumen, luminal, luminescence, luminescent, luminous, luminosity, illuminate, illumination, luminary, luminate, phillumenist, phillumeny
• luna, lunae "moon, month, night, crescent" cislunar, Luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lune, lunula, mezzaluna, sublunar, sublunary, translunar
• lupus, lupī "wolf" lobo, loup-garou, lupine, lupus, robalo
• lux "light"
• luxus "entravagance, excess" luxurious, luxury

M

• machina "a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick" (from Greek) deus ex machina, machinate, machination, machine, machinery, mechanic, mechanical, mechanism, mechanistic, machinate, machination
• magnus "great" magnanimous, magnate, magnificence, magnificent, magnify, magnitude
• malleus "hammer, mallet" malleable, malleability, malleate, mallet, malleus
• malus "bad" mal-, malady, malediction, malefaction, malefactor, malevolent, malice, malicious, malign, malignant
• mandare, mando "to commit, intrust, enjoin" command, commandeer, commander, commandment, commend, commendable, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendable, recommendation, recommender
• manere, maneo "to stay, remain" immanence, immanent, manor, manse, mansion, ménage, permanency, permanent, remain, remainder, remanence
• manus "hand" emancipate, manage, manager, managerial, manual, manufacture, manuscript
• mare, maris "sea, saltwater" Beche-de-mer, cormorant, maar, mare, mariculture, marinara, marinate, marine, Marines, maritime, ormer, submarine, ultramarine
• mas "male" emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, emasculatory, male, masculine, masculinity
• māter, mātris "mother" alma mater, madrepore, mater, maternal, maternity, matriculation, matrimony, matrix, matron
• mederi, medeor "to heal" medic, medical, medicament, medicate, medicinal, medicine, premedication, remedy
• medius "middle" immediate, immediacy, intermediate, mean, medial, median, mediate, mediation, mediator, median, mediocre, mediocrity, medium
• melior "better" ameliorate, amelioration, meliorate
• membrum "limb" dismember, dismemberment, member, membership
• memor "mindful, remembering" commemorate, commemoration, commemorative, countermemo, immemorial, memo, memoir, memoization, memoize, memorable, memorandum, memorate, memorization, memorize, memory, memorial, remember, remembrance, rememberer
• mens "the mind" mental, mentalese, mentalism, mentalist, mentality
• merere, mereo "to earn, deserve, merit, obtain" demerit, merit, meritorious, meritocracy
• mergere "to dive, dip, immerse, sink in" emerge, emergent, emergence, emergency, immerse, immersion, immersive, merge, submerge, submersion
• merx "merchandise" commerce, commercial, commercialism, commercialize, market, marketable, marketeer, marketing, mart, mercantile, mercantilism, merchandise, merchant, merchantable, mercenary, mercy
• minium "red lead" miniature, miniaturization, miniaturize
• minor "lesser, smaller" minor, minority, minus, minuscule
• minuere, minuo "to make smaller" diminish, diminutive, minute, minutia
• miser "wretched, unfortunate" miser, miserable, miserablism, miserablist, miserliness, miserly, misery
• mitis "soft" mitigant, mitigate, mitigation, unmitigated
• mittere, mitto "to send" admission, admit, commission, commit, commitment, compromise, demit, demise, demiss, demission, dismiss, dismission, emit, emission, intermission, intermit, intermittent, mess, message, messenger, mission, missionary, missile, missive, permit, permission, permissive, promise, reemission, reemit, remissible, remission, remit, remittance, remittent, remitter, submit, submission, submissive, transmit, transmission
• modus, modī "measure, size, limit, manner, harmony, melody" accomodate, accommodation, commode, commodious, commodity, modal, modality, mode, model, modern, modernism, modicum, modifier, modify, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulus, mold, mood, moulage, postmodern, postmodernism
• monere, moneo "to warn, admonish, remind" (> monstrare) admonish, admonition, admonitory, demonstrable, demonstrate, demonstration, monish, monition, monitor, monument, monster, muster, premonition, remonstrate, remonstration, summon
• mora "delay, duration of time" moratorium, moraic, monomoraic, mora, bimoraic, commorancy, commorant, commorance, moratory
• morbus "disease" comorbidity, morbilli, morbid, morbidity, morbidness, morbific
• mors "death" amortization, amortize, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortification, mortify
• movere, moveo "to move" amotion, amove, commotion, commutation, commutative, commute, demote, demotivate, demotivation, emotion, emotional, emotive, immutable, immutability, mob, mobile, mobility, mobilize, mobilization, moment, motile, motion, motivation, motivate, motive, motor, move, movement, mutable, mutability, mutant, mutate, mutation, permutation, permute, promote, promotion, removal, remove, transmutable, transmutant, transmutation, transmute
• mulgere, mulgeo "to milk" emulsify, emulsion
• munire "to defend" ammo, ammunition, munition
• munus "service; obligation" munificence, munificent, municipal, municipality, remunerable, remunerate, remuneration
• mus "mouse" muscle, muscular, muscularity, musculature, musculocutaneous, musculophrenic, musculospiral, musophobia, mussel
• musca "a fly" mosquito, muscarine

N

• nasci, nascor "to arise, be born, originate" antenatal, cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, nativization, nativism, natural, nature, naturism, naturalism, postnatal, prenatal
• navis "ship" naval, navigate, navigation, navigator, navy
• necesse "unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable" necessariness, necessary, necessitate, necessitation, necessitousness, necessitude, necessity
• nectere, necto "to bind, tie" annex, annexable, annexure, annexation, annexational, connect, connection, connective, connectivity, connector, disconnect, nexus
• nervus "sinew" innervate, innervation, nerve, nervous, nervousness, nervosity
• nihil, contracted to nīl (indeclinable) "nothing" annihilate, nihilism, nihility, nil
• nocere, noceo "to hurt, injure" innocence, innocent, nocent, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious
• nōmen, nōminis "name, clan/middle name, reputation, title" agnomen, binomial, cognomen, denomination, ignominy, misnomer, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, noun, nuncupative, praenomen, pronoun, renown
• noscere, nosco "to know" acquaint, acquaintance, cognition, cognitive, cognizant, cognizance, cognize, cognizor, cognosce, connoisseur, ignorable, ignorance, ignorant, ignore, incognito, precognition, recognize, recognition, quaint
• novus "new" innovate, innovative, innovation, innovatory, novel, novelist, novelization, novelize, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovate, renovation, renovator
• numerus "number" enumerate, enumeration, number, numeracy, numerary, numeral, numerate, numerator, numeric, numerical, supernumerary
• nuntius "messenger" announce, announcement, annunciate, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denouncer, enounce, enunciate, internuncio, nuncio, pronounce, pronouncement, pronouncer, pronunciation, renounce, renouncement, renouncer
• nota "mark, sign" annote, annotation, annotator, connote, connotation, denote, denotation, notable, notability, notary, notate, notation, notational, note, notice, noticeable, reannotate
• nutrire "to suckle, nourish, foster" nourish, nourishment, nurse, nursery, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious, nutritive

O

• oculus, oculī "eye, bud (of a plant), vision, mind's eye" antler, eyelet, inoculate, monocle, ocellus, ocular, oculist, oculomotor, oculus, pinochle, trompe l'oeil, ullage
• odium "hatred" odious, odiousness, odium
• odor "smell" deodorant, malodor, malodorous, odor, odorant, odorous, reodorant
• oleum "oil, olive oil" (from Ancient Greek) indole, linoleum, oil, oleic, oleum, petroleum
• onus, oneris "burden, load, trouble, fetus" exonerate, onerous, onus
• opacus "shaded, shady, dark" opacity, opaque, opaqueness
• opinari, opinor "to suppose, deem, think" opination, opine, opinion, opinionated
• optare, opto "to choose, select" adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-opt, co-optation, co-option, opt, option, optionable, optional
• optimus "best, very good" optimal, optimality, optimate, optime, optimism, optimist, optimistic, optimity, optimization, optimize, optimum, suboptimal, superoptimal
• opus, operis "work" co-op, co-operation, cooperative, hors d'oeuvre, inure, maneuver, manure, oeuvre, officinal, opera, operable, operation, operand, operant, operate, operational, operative, operator, operose, opus, stover
• orare, oro "to speak" orate, oration, orator, oratory
• orbis "circle, wheel, disk, the disk or orb of the sun or moon" orb, orbit, orbital
• ordo "order" ordain, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordnance, ordonnance, subordinate, subordination, superordinate, superordination
• oriri "to rise" orient, orientate, orientation, orienteer, origin, originate, originator, origination, original
• orcus "hellish" orc, ogre, ogress

P

• palpare, palpo "to touch softly, stroke, pat" palp, palpability, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpiform, palpitate, palpitation
• pandere, pando "to strech" expand, expandable, expander, expanse, expansible, expansile, expansion, expansive, pace, pacer, pass, passage, passenger, passport, surpass, trespass
• pangere, pango "to fasten" compact, compaction, impact, impactful, impaction, impinge, impingement
• pānis, pānis "bread, loaf of bread" accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, panada, panatela, panic grass, pannier, panocha, pantry, pastille, penuche
• par "equal" compare, comparable, comparison, comparative, on a par with, parity
• parare, paro "to prepare, provide" disrepair, empress, emperor, empire, imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperium, parable, pare, prepare, preparation, preparatory, preparative, repair, repairable, reparable, repairer, reparation, reparatory
• parere, pareo "to appear, come to light" apparent, appear, appearance, disappear, transparency, transparent
• parere, pario "to give birth, produce" parent, parental
• pars, partis "part, portion, share, fraction, side" apartment, bipartite, compart, compartment, depart, department, departure, impart, impartial, impartiality, parcel, parcener, parse, part, partial, partiality, participate, participation, participatory, participle, particle, particular, partisan, partita, partitive, partner, partnership, party, repartee
• pater, patris "father" compadre, compatriot, expatriate, goombah, padre, pater, paternal, paternalist, paternalism, patri-, patriate, patriation, patriot, patriotism, patriotic, patrician, patrimony, patron, père, repatriate, repatriation
• patrare "to perform" perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator
• pauper "poor" impoverish, impoverishment, pauper, pauperdom, pauperism, pauperize, poor, poverty
• pausa "pause" pause, pose, repose
• pāx, pācis "peace, treaty, compact, agreement" appease, appeasement, pace, pax, pay, peace, pacific, pacify
• peior "worse" impair, impairment, pejoration, pejorative
• pellere, pello "to drive" appeal, compel, compellation, compulsion, compulsive, compulsory, dispel, expel, impel, impulse, impulsion, impulsive, impulsor peal, pelt, poussette, propel, propeller, pulsate, pulsation, pulsar, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulse, repulsive, repulsion
• pendere, pendo "to hang" append, appendage, appendix, depend, dependable, dependence, dispend, expend, expenditure, prepend, spend, suspend, suspension
• pendere, pendo "to weigh" dispend, dispensable, dispensation, dispensative, dispensatory, dispense, ponder, ponderous, preponder, preponderance, preponderant, preponderate
• persōna, persōnae "mask, role, person" probably from Etruscan phersu "mask" impersonate, person, personable, personality, personalize
• petere, peto "to seek, pursue" appetency, appetent, appetite, appetitive, appetizer, centripetal, compete, competition, competitive, competitiveness, impetigo, impetuous, impetus, perpetual, perpetuate, perpetuation, petition, petulant, repeat, repetition, repetitive, repetitiveness
• pingere, pingo "to portray" depict, depiction, paint, painter, painting, picture, pictorial, picturesque, pigment, pigmentary, pigmentation, repaint
• pīla, pīlae "pillar, pier" pile (heap), pillar
• pīlum "spear, pestle" pile (foundation of a structure)
• pilus "hair" pile, depilation, depilatory
• plangere "to strike, beat, as the breast in extreme grief, bewail" complain, plangent, plaint, plaintiff, plaintive
• planus "level, plain" explain, explanation, explanatory, plain, plan, planar, plane, planner
• plaudere, plaudo "to clap, applaud" applaud, applause, explode, explosion, explosive, implode, implosion, implosive, plaudit, plausibility, plausible
• plectere "to weave, braid" complex, complexity
• plenus "full" plenty
• plere "to fill" complete, completion, complement, complementary, compliment, compliance, compliant, comply, deplete, depletion, replete, repletion, supplier, supplement, supply
• plicare, plico "to fold, weave, knit" appliance, applicant, application, applicable, applicability, apply, complicate, complication, explicit, explicate, explication, explicator, implicate, implicative, implicit, implicitness, implication, imply, plier, ply, simple, simpleton, simplex, simplicity, simplification, simplify
• plus "more" plural, plurality, pluralism, plus
• poena "punishment, pain" impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, punish, punishable, punishment, penitant, penitence, punitive, repent, repentance, subpoena
• polire "to polish" polish, polite, politeness
• politia "the state" police, policy, polity
• politicus "pertaining to the state" politic, political, politician, politicize
• polluere, polluo "to soil, defile" pollutant, pollute, polluter, pollution
• polus "pole" bipolar, polar, polarity, polarize, polarization, pole
• ponere, pono "to set, place" appose, apposition, component, compose, composition, compound, deponent, deposit, deposition, depositor, depository, disposal, dispose, disposition, exponent, expose, exposition, expound, impose, imposition, opponent, oppose, opposition, pose, posit, position, positive, positivity, posture, postural, proponent, proposal, propose, proposition, propound, suppose, supposition, transpose, transposition
• populus, populī "people, ation, public, crowd" depopulate, depopulation, depopulative, depopulator, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, publican, publication, publicist, publicity, publicize, publish, publishability, publishable, publisher, republic, republican
• portare, porto "to carry" comport, deport, deportation, disport, export, exportation, exporter, import, importance, important, importation, importer, port, portability, portable, portage, portamento, portative, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, sport, support, transport, transportation
• portio "a share, part, portion" apportion, disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionation, misproportioned, portion, proportion, proportional, proportionate, proportioner
• posse, possum "to be able" (from potis) impossibility, impossible, impotence, impotent, possibility, possible, potence, potency, potentate, potential, potentiality, power, powerful, powerless
• potare, poto "to drink" poison, poisoner, poisonous, potable, potion
• praegnans "pregnant" impregnable, impregnability, impregnate, impregnation, pregnance, pregnancy, pregnant
• pravus "crooked, deformed" deprave, depravity, depravation
• prehendere, prehendo "to seize, catch, grasp" apprehend, apprehension, apprehensive, apprentice, apprise, comprehend, comprehensibility, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive, comprehensiveness, prehensile, prize, reprehend, reprehensible, reprehension
• premere "to press, hold fact, cover, crowd" compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, express, expression, expressive, expressiveness, impress, impression, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, press, print, reprimand, repress, repression, repressive, sprain, suppress, suppression
• primus "first" premier, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primitive, prince, princess, principle, principal, principality
• privus "single, every, one's own, private" deprivation, deprive, privacy, private, privation, privatization, privatize, privy
• probare, probo "to test, prove" approbate, approbation, approve, approval, probate, probation, probe, proof, provable, prove, reproof, reproval, reprove
• proles "offspring" prole, proletariat, proletary, proliferate, proliferation, proliferative, proliferous, prolific, prolificacy
• prope "near" approach, approximate, approximation, approximator, proximate, proximity, reproach
• propitius "favorable, well-disposed, kind" propitiate, propitiation, propitious, unpropitious
• proprius "special, particular, one's own, proper" appropriate, expropriate, expropriation, expropriator, proper, property, propriate, propriety, proprietary
• pubes "grown up, of mature age" postpubescent, peripubescent, prepubescent, puberulent, pubescent, puberty, pubes, pubis, pubic
• pungere, pungo "to prick, punch" point, pointer, pointless, pointillism, punch, puncheon, punctual, punctuate, puncture, pungent, pungency
• purus "clean, free from dirt or filth" depurate, expurgate, impure, impurity, pure, purge, purgation, purgatory, purify, purification, puritan, puritanism, purity, spurge
• putare, puto "to estimate, reckon" account, accountability, accountable, accountancy, accountant, computation, compute, computer, count, counter, depute, deputy, disputatious, disputation, dispute, imputation, impute, putative, reputable, reputation, repute

Q

• qualis "interrogative: of what kind" quale, qualia, qualification, qualifier, qualify, qualitative, qualitativeness, quality
• quantus "interrogative: how much, how many" quanta, quantification, quantifier, quantify, quantitative, quantitativeness, quantity, quantum
• quaerere, quaero "to ask, seek" acquire, acquisition, query, quest, question, questionnaire, conquest, conquer, conqueror, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, request, require, requirement, requisite
• quiescere, quiesco "to keep quiet, rest" acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, quiesce, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietism
• quot "how many" misquote, quota, quotable, quotation, quote, quotidian, quotient, quotiety, unquote

R

• rabere, rabio "to be mad, rave" enrage, enragement, rabid, rabies, rage
• rādīx, radicis "root, radish, foot, base" deracinate, eradication, irradicable, radical, radicality, radicle, radish, radix
• radius "staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, a measuring rod, a semidiameter of a circle, a shuttle, spur of a bird, sting of a fish, the radius of the arm; by transfer, a beam of light, a ray" radial, radiate, radiation, radius, ray
• ramus, ramī "branch, bough, genealogical branch" ramification, ramify, ramose, ramus
• recuperare, recupero "to get again, regain, recover; to revive, restore" recover, recovery, recuperate, recuperation, recuperative
• regere, rego "to rule, govern" address, addressable, deregulate, deregulation, direct, direction, director, directorate, directorial, dirigible, dirigisme, dirigist, dirigiste, downregulate, downregulation, dress, dresser, indirect, indirection, irregular, rector, redress, regent, regime, regimen, region, regular, regulate, regulation, regularity, regularly, rule, ruler, undress, upregulate, upregulation
• reri, reor "to think, deem, judge" rate, ratifier, ratify, ratification, ratio, ration, rational, rationale, rationalism, rationalist, rationalization, rationalize, reason
• rēs, (reī, rēī) "thing, matter, affair, object, circumstance" re, real, really, realistic, realist, reality, rebus, reify, republic, republican, res
• rēx, rēgis "king" real, regal, regicide, regius professor, regulus, reign, rial, riyal, royal, vicereine, viceroy
• ridere, rideo "to laugh at" deride, derision, derisive, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
• rigere, rigeo "to be rigid" rigid, rigidity, rigidness, rigor, rigorous, rigorousness
• ripa "a bank of a stream" arrive, arrival, river
• rivus "a stream" derive, derivation, derivative, rival, rivalry, rivulet
• robur "strength" corroborate, corroboration, corroborator, robust
• rogare, rogo "to ask for, to propose a law" abrogate, abrogation, arrogance, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogatory, derogation, derogative, interrogate, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogatory, subrogate, supererogate
• rumpere, rumpo "to burst, break" abrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt, corruption, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, erupt, eruption, interrupt, interruption, irrupt, rout, rupicolous, rupture
• rota "a wheel" rotatable, rotate, rotation, rotor, rotund, rotunda, round
• ruber "red" & rubeo "be red" erubescence, erubescent, rubefacient, rubella, rubeola, rubescence, rubescent, rubicund, rubric, ruby
• rūs, rūris "countryside, fields, farm, estate" rural, rustic

S

• sacer "sacred" consecrate, consecration, consecrator, desecrate, desecration, desecrator, execrable, execrate, execration, sacral, sacrament, sacred, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege
• saeculum, saecula "generation, age" secular
• salire, salio "to jump" assault, consilient, resilience, resilient, salience, saliency, salient, saltate, saltation, saltationism, sault, somersault
• salus "health" salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute
• salvus "safe" safe, safety, sage, salvage, salvageable, salvager, salvation, salvia, save, savings, unsalvageable
• sancire, sancio "to render sacred, make holy" saint, sanctuary
• sanguis "blood" consanguineous, consanguine, consanguineal, consanguinity, exsanguinate, sangaree, sangria, sanguine, sanguinary
• sanus "sound in body; sound in mind" insane, insanity, sane, sanatorium, sanitary, sanitarium, sanitation, sanity
• sapere, sapio "to taste, to discern, to be wise" sapid, sage, savant, savor, sapient
• satelles, satellitis "bodyguard, attendant, sentinel" possibly from Etruscan satellite
• scandere, scando "to climb" ascend, ascent, ascendant, ascendance, ascendancy, ascendency, ascending, ascender, ascension, descend, descent, condescend, transcend, transcendence, transcendent
• scintilla "spark" scintilla, scintillate, scintillation, scintillator, stencil, tinsel
• scribere, scribo "to write" ascribe, circumscribe, conscribe, conscript, conscription, describe, description, descriptive, descriptivism, descriptivist, descriptor, inscribe, inscription, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, proscribe, scribal, scribble, scribe, script, transcribe, transcription
• secare, seco "to cut" bisect, dissect, dissection, insect, intersect, intersection, resect, resection, secant, sect, sectarian, section, sector, segment, segmentation, trisect
• sedere, sedeo "to sit" assess, assessment, assiduous, assize, dissident, insessorial, insidious, obsess, obsessive, possess, possession, possessive, possessor, preside, president, reside, residence, resident, séance, sedate, sedation, sedative, sedentary, sederunt, sedile, sediment, sedimentary, sedimentation, sessile, session, sewer, siege, subsidiary, subsidy, supersede, surcease
• sentire, sentio "to feel, perceive" scent, sensation, sensational, sense, sensible, sensibility, sensitive, sensitiveness, sensor, sensory, sensual, sensuality, sensuous, sentence, sentential, sentience, sentient, sentiment, sentimental
• sequi, sequor "to follow" consequence, consequent, consequential, executable, execute, executive, execution, executioner, executor, inconsequential, persecute, persecution, persecutor, prequel, prosecutable, prosecute, prosecution, prosecutor, pursuance, pursuant, pursue, pursuer, pursuit, sequel, sequence, sequent, sequential, subsequent, sue
• serere, sero "to join or bind together" assert, assertion, assertive, assertiveness, desert, dissert, dissertation, exert, exertion, exsert, seraglio, insert, insertion, serial, seriate, seriation, series
• servare, servo "to hold, keep" conservation, conservationist, conservatism, conservator, conservative, conserve, preserve, preservation, preservative, reservation, reserve
• servire, servio "to serve" deserve, servant, serve, server, service, serviceable, servile
• severus "severe, serious, grave in demeanor" severe, severity
• signum, signī "sign, indication, proof, military standard" assign, consign, consignment, design, designate, designer, insignia, resign, scarlet, scarlatina, seal, segno, sigil, sign
• similis "similar" similar, similarity, similarness, simile, simulate, simulacrum, simuland, simulant, simulation, simulator
• singulus "single" single, singleton, singular, singularity
• sinus "bend, fold, curve" sinus, insinuate, sinusoid
• sistere, sisto "to stand, cause to stand, put, set up" (from stare) assist, assistance, assistent, consist, consistence, consistency, desist, exist, existence, insist, insistence, interstice, persist, persistent, persistency, resist, resistance, resistant, subsist, subsistence, subsistent
• socius "a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally" (from sequi) asocial, antisocial, associate, association, associative, associativity, desocialization, desocialize, resocialize, resocialization, sociability, sociable, social, socialism, socialist, sociality, socialization, socialize, societal, society, unsocial
• solidus "solid" consolidate, consolidation, consolidator, soldier, solid, solidary, solidarity, solidify, solidity
• solvere, solvo "to loosen, relax, solve" (from luere) absolute, absolution, absolve, assoil, dissolve, dissolution, resolve, resolute, resolution, soluble, solute, solution, solvable, solvability solve, solvent, solvency, solver
• somnus "sleep" insomnia, insomniac, somnolent, somnolence, somnambulist, somnambulism, somnambulate, somnambulation, somnifacient, somnific, somniloquous, somnipathy
• sorbere, sorbeo "to suck in" absorb, absorbent, absorption, absorbable, adsorb, adsorbent, adsorption, desorption, resorb, resorption, resorptive, sorption
• spargere "to strew, sprinkle" asperse, aspersion, disperse, dispersion, sparge, sparse, sparseness, sparsity
• specere, specio "to look at, behold" aspect, auspice, auspicious, circumspect, conspicuity, conspicuous, despect, despicable, despise, despiser, expect, expectable, expectancy, expectant, expectation, frontispiece, inspect, inspector, inspection, introspect, introspection, introspective, perspective, perspicacious, prospect, prospective, prospector, respecification, respecify, respect, respective, respite, retrospect, retrospection, retrospective, special, specialist, specialize, specialization, speciate, speciation, specie, species, specifiable, specific, specification, specificity, specify, specimen, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectral, spectrum, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculum, spice, spy, suspect, transpicuous
• spes "hope" (> sperare) despair, desperate, desperation, Esperanto, prosper, prosperity, prosperous
• spirare, spiro "to breathe" aspire, aspiration, conspire, conspiration, expire, expiration, expiree, inspire, inspiration, perspire, perspiration, respire, respiration, respiratory, spirit, spiritual, spirituality, sprite, transpire, transpiration
• spolium "booty, spoil" despoil, despoilment, despoliation, spoil, spoilage, spoliate, spoliation, spoliator, spoiler
• spondere, spondeo "to promise, pledge, vow, vouch (for)" correspond, correspondence, despond, despondent, espouse, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, responsibleness, sponsor, spouse
• stare, sto "to stand" arrest, circumstance, constancy, constant, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutive, contrast, cost, destitute, distance, distant, establish, establishment, estancia, extant, instance, instant, institute, institution, obstacle, obstetric, oust, prostitute, rest, restitute, restitution, restive, stability, stabilize, stabilization, stabilizer, stable, stage, stance, stanch, stanchion, stanza, state, statistics, station, stationary, stative, stator, statue, stature, status, statute, statutory, stay, stet, substance, substantial, substitute, substitution, superstition
• stringere "to draw tight, bind, contract" strain, strait, stress, strict, stringent, stringency
• struere, struo "to heap up, pile, join together, build" construct, construction, constructive, constructor, destroy, destruct, destruction, destructor, infrastructure, instruct, instruction, instructive, instructor, obstruct, obstruction, restructure, structure, structural, substructure, superstructure
• stupere, stupeo "to be amazed or confounded, be struck senseless" stupe, stupefy, stupid, stupidity, stupidness, stupor, stupendous
• suadere, suadeo "to recommend, advise" dissuade, dissuasion, dissuasive, persuade, persuasion, persuasive, suasion, suasiveness
• subtilis "fine, thin, slender, delicate" subtile, subtle, subtleness, subtlety
• sumere, sumo "to take" (contraction of sub- + emō) assume, assumption, consume, consumer, consumerism, consumption, presume, presumption, resume, resumption, subsume, subsumption, sumptuary, sumptuous
• super "over, above" (> summa) consummate, consummation, sum, summarize, summarization, summary, summation, summit, super, superior, superiority, supremacy, supreme
• surgere, surgo "to rise, get up" resource, resourceful, resurge, resurgence, resurgent, source, surge

T

• tacere, taceo "be silent" tacit, taciturn
• tangere, tango "to touch" attain, attainment, contact, contagion, contagious, contingency, contingent, intact, integer, integral, integrate, integration, integrity, tact, tactile, tactility, tactual, tangent, tangible
• tegere, tego "cover" detect, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, protect, protective, protection, protectionist, protectionism, protector, protectorate, tegument
• temnere, temno "to despise" contemn, contemner, contempt, contemptible, contemptuous
• templum "temple" contemplate, contemplation, contemplative, templar, template, temple, templet
• tendere, tendo "to stretch" attend, attendance, attention, attentive, contend, contention, contentious, extend, extensible, extension, extensive, intend, intense, intensification, intensifier, intensify, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, intention, ostensible, ostensive, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portent, portentous, pretend, pretender, pretense, pretension, pretentious, pretentiousness, subtend, tend, tendentious, tendency, tension, tensor, tent
• tenere, teneo "to hold" abstain, contain, containable, container, containment, content, continue, detain, detention, entertain, entertainer, entertainment, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinence, rein, retain, retention, retinue, sustain, sustenance, tenable, tenacious, tenant, tenement, tenet, tenon, tenor, tenure, tenuto
• tentare "to handle, touch, try, test, tempt" attempt, tentative, tempt, temptation
• terere, tero "to rub" attrit, attrite, attritee, attrition, attritor, contrite, contrition, tribulation, trite, triteness
• terminus "a bound, boundary, limit, end" determinable, determinant, determination, determine, determiner, determinism, determinist, indeterminacy, indeterminate, interminable, non-determinism, non-deterministic, non-terminal, term, terminate, termination, terminative, terminator, terminus, terminable, terminal, terminality
• terra, terrae "earth, land, ground, country, soil" fumitory, inter, Mediterranean, parterre, subterranean, terra, terrace, terracotta, terrain, Terran, terraqueous, terrene, terreplein, terrestrial, terre-verte, terricolous, terrier, terrigenous, territorial, territory, turmeric, verditer
• terrere, terreo "to frighten, terrify" deter, deterrence, deterrent, terrible, terrific, terrify, terror, terrorism, terrorist, terrorize
• texere, texo "to weave" context, pretext, subtext, text, textual, textile
• timere, timeo "to fear" intimidate, intimidation, timid, timidity, timidness, timorous
• titulus "title, inscription" disentitle, entitle, entitlement, half-title, mistitle, nontitled, retitle, subtitle, supertitle, surtitle, title, titular, untitled
• torpere "be numb or stiff" torpor, torpidity, torpedo
• totus "whole, entire" subtotal, total, totality, totalitarian, totalitarianism
• toxicum "poison" toxic, toxicity, toxin
• trahere, traho "to draw" abstract, abstraction, attract, attraction, attractive, attractor, contract, contraction, contractor, contractual, detract, detraction, detractor, retract, retraction, subtract, subtraction, intractability, intractable, trace, traceable, traceability, tract, tractable, tractability, tractor, treat, treatable, treatment, treatise, treaty
• transire, transeo "to go across, pass over, pass through" (from "trans" + "ire") transience, transiency, transient, transition, transitional, transitionary, transitionist, transitive, transitory
• tribus "tribe" ( > tribuere) attribute, attributive, attribution, contribute, contribution, contributor, distribute, distribution, distributive, distributor, retribute, retribution, tribal, tribe, tribelet, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute
• tricae "trifles, toys; hindrances, impediments" extricate, extrication, intricacy, intricate, intrigue, intriguer, intriguery
• trudere, trudo "to thrust, push" abstrude, abstruse, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, protrude, protrusible, protrusion
• tueri, tueor "to watch, guard, see, observe" intuitional, intuitionism, intuitionist, intuitionistic, intuitive, intuit, tuition, tutelage, tutelar, tutelary, tutor, tutorial

U

• ubi "where" ubication, ubiety, ubiquarian, ubiquitin, ubiquitous, ubiquity
• ullus "any" annul, annuler, annulment, null, nullification, nullify, nullity
• umbra "shade" adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, penumbra, somber, sombrero, umbrage, umbrageous, umbrella
• uncia, unciae "a twelfth part" inch, ounce, uncial, quincunx
• unda "a wave" abound, abundance, inundate, inundation, redound, redundance, redundancy, redundant, surround, undulate, undulation
• urgere "to press, push, force, drive, urge" urge, urgency, urgent
• uti, utor "to use" abuse, disuse, misuse, peruse, unusual, usage, usance, use, useful, usefulness, user, usual, usufruct, usurious, usurp, usury, utensil, utile, utilitarian, utilitarianism, utility, utilities, utilize, utilization

V

• vacare, vaco "to be empty, void" vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation
• vacuus "empty" evacuate, evacuation, vacuity, vacuous, vacuum
• vadere, vado "to go, make one's way, advance" evade, evasion, evasive, evasiveness, invade, invader, invasion, invasive, invasiveness, pervade, pervasive, pervasiveness
• valere, valeo "to be strong, be worth" ambivalence, ambivalent, avail, countervail, convalesce, equivalent, equivalence, evaluate, evaluation, evaluator, invalid, invalidate, overvalue, overvaluation, prevail, prevalent, prevalence, reevaluate, reevaluation, undervalue, undervaluation, valance, valence, valency, valediction, valetudinary, valiance, valiant, valid, validate, validation, validity, valor, valuable, valuation, value
• vastus "waste, desolate, vast" devastate, devastation, vast
• vegere "to move, excite, quicken" vegetable, vegetarian, vegetarianism, vegetate, vegetation, vegetative
• vehere, veho "to carry, bear, convey" convect, convection, vector, vehicle, vehicular
• velle, volo "to wish, to be willing" benevolence, benevolent, malevolence, malevolent, velleity, volition, volitional, voluntarism, voluntarist, voluntary, volunteer
• venenum "poison" venom, venomous
• venire, venio "to come" advent, adventitious, adventure, adventurous, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convent, conventicle, convention, coven, covenant, event, eventful, eventual, intervene, invent, inventive, inventiveness, inventor, inventory, misadventure, parvenu, prevenient, prevent, provenance, provenience, revenant, revenue, souvenir, subvention, uneventful, supervene, venire, venturous, venue
• verber "a whip, rod" verberate, verberation, reverberant, reverberate, reverberation, reverberatory
• verbum, verba "word, saying, expression, expression, proverb, verb" adverb, adverbial, non-verbal, proverb, proverbial, verb, verbal, verbalization, verbalize, verbatim, verbiage, verbose, verbosity
• vergere, vergo "to bend" converge, convergence, convergency, convergent, diverge, divergence, divergency, divergent, verge
• verna "a native" vernacular
• vertere, verto "to turn" adverse, adversity, anniversary, aversion, avert, bouleversement, controversy, converse, conversion, conversation, convert, diverse, diversion, diversity, divert, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, introrse, introversion, introvert, inverse, inversion, invert, malversation, obverse, obvert, peevish, pervert, prose, retrorse, reversal, reverse, revert, sinistrorse, subversion, subversive, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo, vortex
• vērus "true" veracious, veracity, verification, verifier, verify, veritable, verity, very
• vestigium "footstep, footprint, track, the sole of the foot, a trace, mark" vestige, vestigial, investigate, investigation, investigational, investigative, investigator, investigatory
• vestis "garment" devest, devestation, devestator, divest, invest, investor, investment, revet, travesty, vest
• vexare, vexo "to disturb, agitate" vex, vexation, vexatious
• via "way" convey, conveyable, conveyance, conveyee, conveyer, conveyor, convoy, via, viaduct, viary, viatecture, viatic, viaticals, viaticum, viator
• videre, video "to see, look at, consider" advice, advisable, advise, adviser, advisor, advisory, belvedere, clairvoyant, enviable, envy, evidence, evident, improvisation, improvise, interview, interviewer, invidious, previse, provide, provision, provisional, prudence, prudent, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewer, revise, revision, revisionism, revisor, supervise, supervision, supervisor, survey, surveyor, television, vide, view, viewer, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visor, vista, visual, visualization, visualize, voyeur
• vigere, vigeo "flourish, thrive, be lively" invigorate, invigoration, reinvigorate, reinvigoration, vigor, vigorous
• vigil "awake" invigilate, invigilation, invigilator, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante
• vīlla "country home, farmhouse, homestead" bidonville, nasty, villa, village, villain, villanelle, villein
• vincere, vinco "to conquer" convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, vanquish, victor, victorious, victory, vincible
• vindicare, vindico "to avenge, vindicate, claim, punish" avenge, avengeance, avengement, revanche, revanchist, revenge, venge, vengeance, vengeful, vindicate, vindication, vindictive
• vir, virī "man, husband, hero" decemvir, duumvir, triumvirate, virago, virile, virtual, virtuality, virtualization, virtualize, virtue, virtuous, virtuosa, virtuosity, virtuoso
• vitium "fault, vice" vice, vicious, vitiate, vitiation, vituperable, vituperant, vituperation, vituperative, vituperator, vituperatory, vituperous
• vivere, vivo "to live" convivial, devive, revitalization, revitalize, revival, revive, survival, survive, viability, viable, viand, victual, vital, vitality, viva, vivacious, vivid
• volvere, volvo "to roll" convolve, convolute, convoluted, convolution, evolve, evolution, evolutionary, involve, involvement, revolve, revolver, revolution, revolutionary, voluble, volute
• vovere, voveo "vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity" devote, devotee, devotion, vote, voter, vow
• vox "voice" (> vocare) advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, avocation, convoke, equivocal, equivocation, evoke, invocation, invoke, provocation, provocative, provoke, revoke, unequivocal, univocal, vocable, vocabulary, vocal, vocalize, vocalization, vocation, vocational, voice

Further reading

• The American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix, ahdictionary.com