| Count
|
Entry
|
Sources
|
| 62
|
*ger-
|
Grick, Krippe, Krähe, Krücke, Reconstruction:Frankish/krappō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kraftaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krampō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krankaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krappô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kribjǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krumpaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krēǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krōkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūmô, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъrbъ, allegorizo, cart, craft, cram, crampe, crate, crib, crinkle, cripple, croche, crouch, crucche, crumb, crutch, dzērve, grape, grappe, grappin, grapple, gredzens, gregge, gremire, grep, griezt, grum, grumeau, grumo, grumus, krjúpa, krok, krybe, krypa, kräkas, krúpa, kūreep, nguroj, zgrip, γρύψ, журавель, журавль, կեռ, կոր
|
| 51
|
*wers-
|
Appendix:Irish prepositions, Reconstruction:Frankish/werra, Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/werʒ₁-, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wartǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warzaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werraną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werrō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werzaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirsiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirsizô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurstiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/warš-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrša, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrťi, Vesontio, barrueco, dgèrre, dgèrryi, djère, fearr, ferr, feàrr, gherra, gira, guerra, guerre, guèrra, gyer, gùerre, illr, share, varicose, varix, verres, verro, verruca, verruga, viršus, vårta, vērsis, war, warrior, wirren, верх, ворох, врьхъ, совершить, ἄρσην, ἔρρω, 𐨀𐨂𐨮𐨬𐨿𐨱
|
| 44
|
*bʰew-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/poka, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bagmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bausuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bewwu, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buttaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/paddǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pukô, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bew-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewd-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/puzdro, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trьbuхъ, bahe, baojm, beam, beo, beom, beon, bin, boam, bold, bond, bouder, bud, bura, bus, böse, bāter, būti, foder, footer, fotre, fottere, foutre, fust, fute, futuo, gebur, joder, padda, pocca, pock, бꙑти, بودن, 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃
|
| 40
|
*kel-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/heltą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulisaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwelpaz, acoliet, callis, celeber, celer, celt, cept, ceļš, claudus, colainn, colinn, colonel, dzelt, galleta, gallon, galon, galón, geholian, gãleatã, găleată, hield, hilt, hold, kalps, kalt, kelias, kult, kůl, procul, shkal, shkelm, sils, κέλλω, ковбаса, член, ἀκόλουθος
|
| 38
|
*ster-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strandō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/streupaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strinô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strēlō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strībaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strojiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strěla, Strähne, estéril, heresy, shtrek, starve, steal, sterila, sterilis, stiria, stirps, stolidus, strand, strela, streng, strenuus, strom, strond, struggle, strzała, strēle, strům, stultus, střela, torpeo, στερεός, стрела, стрѣла, трн, स्तरी
|
| 36
|
*swel-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulī, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweblaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swellaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweltaną, azufre, enxofre, sala, saule, schwelen, schwȯhli, scljifur, selva, selve, sill, silva, sofre, solfo, soufre, sufre, sulf, sulfur, sulphur, svalr, sweal, swelter, swill, syll, sylvan, xofre, zolfo, εἵλη, хварак, хӯрдан, քաղց
|
| 34
|
*(s)kew-
|
Haut, Reconstruction:Frankish/skiuhan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hupiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/husǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huþô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūdijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūdiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūsą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čukati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čukъ, Scheune, Schoh, Schuh, custos, haut, hide, hose, house, hutta, hwicce, kaush, osa, shoe, shun, sjy, sko, sky, skógvur, skór, ský, skýggj, שוך
|
| 34
|
*gʰrebʰ-
|
Grube, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garbō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwakōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/greti, garba, gerber, grab, graba, grabë, grapschen, grave, greave, greim, gribēt, groba, groop, groove, gropë, grzebień, kreh, kruaj, yare, yark, yerk, гребень, गहन, गृभ्, गृभ्णाति, ग्रभ्, ग्रह्, घेव्चे, 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
|
| 33
|
*knew-
|
Nuss, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnawwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneudaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneupaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnudōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnuppô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnuts, cnau, cnò, cnó, cnú, cro, hnot, hnutu, kraoñ, neut, noce, noix, noot, nope, nou, nouaix, noz, nuc, nuez, nut, nux, nuz, nöt, nød, nøt, pinōt, χνόος
|
| 33
|
*syuh₁-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/sjū́ˀtei, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seudaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/sūō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šija, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šipъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šiti, couôtre, sew, siūti, sjóður, subula, sulă, suo, sy, söm, søm, sýja, ujth, šić, šyś, šūt, шея, шить, सिव्, सीव्यति, सूत्र, स्यूत, स्योनॊ, সীয়া, সূত, সূতা, ὑμήν
|
| 32
|
*(s)kep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/štšepa, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaftaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopanь, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopьje, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skopiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čepъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čepьcь, cepure, gesceap, hap, kapth, kapāt, kopec, kopiec, schape, scoop, shape, skäp, κόπτω, копати, копать, копить, копиѥ, копьё, окоп, скопити, կոպ, قبا, قفيز
|
| 32
|
*sel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saliz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/salą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slindaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulī, Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/həľľomai, Sarmatia, exsul, forsling, sal, sala, sale, salio, salle, salon, saloon, salr, seel, seimeira, sele, selva, selve, sill, silva, slink, slip, solamen, syll, sylvan, село, सरति, សាលា, ἅλλομαι
|
| 30
|
*sper-
|
Brussels sprout, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sparjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spreutaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurô, Spiraea, diasporal, esporo, espuela, farë, shperr, spare, spira, spore, sporta, sprawl, spray, sprent, spriest, sprint, spur, spurn, spārns, σπάρτον, σπέρμα, σπαρνός, σπείρα, σπείρω, σπεῖρα, σπεῖρον, σπόρος
|
| 30
|
*ḱorkeh₂
|
Sugar, Zucker, asuka, açúcar, cukar, cukier, juga, jukwa, saccharon, sagar, sakar, siùcar, sugar, suiker, syagar, syakar, çucre, şeker, šećer, шекер, ساکر, ساݢر, شاکر, شاݢر, ܫܟܪ, शर्कर, शर्करा, শর্করা, શર્કરા, သကြား
|
| 29
|
*ley-
|
Lituania, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laidō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laimaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/librō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līþu, blin, blinnan, laiva, laivas, leitis, leið, letum, lever, lewer, liegt, liet, lietus, lifur, lin, lis, lisë, litus, livur, loam, lēns, līt, slaids, slaiks, աղէտ
|
| 28
|
*kew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawāną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiwją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūwilōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kawfáh, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kawráh, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьvorъ, caurs, cūka, high, hive, hiw, hoch, hoh, hooch, howl, huch, hue, hy, høg, høj, høy, hūh, kauns, koks, kukainis, kustēt, kvieši, skumt
|
| 28
|
*werb-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/werpijan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warpą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wlapp-, Wurf, Würfel, develop, déguerpir, développer, envelop, envelopper, guerpir, lap, lappen, ribald, varp, verbena, verber, verbină, vermena, verveine, warp, weorpan, wierzba, wlappen, wrap, wrappen, zvirbulis
|
| 26
|
*rey-
|
Reate, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raihą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rairijaną, Rhenus, Rieti, raize, ravis, re, reisen, rethe, reþe, riba, ribeira, ribera, riet, rifa, ripa, risan, riva, rive, riviéthe, roar, roe, râpă, rīks, rīts
|
| 25
|
*al-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljaną, ala, alata, aldr, aldur, allr, allur, alva, eald, el-, eli-, elja, eljan, eljun, ello, elne, olle, äl, ålder, åll, āl-, ālants, ալարեմ, աղամող, աղանդ
|
| 25
|
*gʰeldʰ-
|
Geld, Reconstruction:Old Dutch/geldan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/geldaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/geldą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gildiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želsti, geld, geldan, gelden, gell, gellen, geltan, gelten, gieldan, gjald, gjalda, gäld, gälla, gääll, ielda, jild, xolda, yauld, yield, געלט
|
| 25
|
*mus-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/musą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/muxa, mizë, mosca, mosi, mosto, moucha, mouche, moût, mucha, muha, murcho, musca, muschio, musco, muscus, muscă, musgo, must, mustus, muva, моуха, мува, муха, մուն
|
| 24
|
*gʷel-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kelǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwellǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/glъtati, deglutition, dgeule, dzelt, dziļš, ghiotto, gluttio, gojë, gola, goule, gueule, gula, gură, ingluvies, ozols, βούλομαι, गल, गलति, गळणे, गळो, গলা
|
| 24
|
*līno-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Lien, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līnǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lьnъ, in, liin, lijn, lin, lina, line, linen, linha, linho, linje, lino, liño, liñó, lli, llinu, lín, lîn, lỹo, линия
|
| 23
|
*seyb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saipǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sipōną, Seife, joob, sabão, sapo, savon, sebaceous, sebo, sebum, seep, sego, seu, sieve, sip, sjippe, soap, suif, sápa, sèu, σάπων, հիւթ, サフン
|
| 23
|
*teh₂g-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þakwōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/taksō, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tangō, entero, integer, inteiro, intero, taknuti, talaria, talus, tanger, tangere, tango, tañer, teimlo, thwack, tâche, întreg, þaccian, τάσσω, ταγός, թաթ, թակարդ
|
| 22
|
*(s)tenh₂-
|
Donner, Dunner, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/toranos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stenaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunraz, Taranis, donar, donder, stenjati, steunen, thunder, tonner, tono, tornado, troar, tronar, tuna, tuonare, þunor, стењати, تندر, स्तनति
|
| 22
|
*(s)ter-
|
Dorn, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/startijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stertaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturtijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þerbaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥nós, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tŕ̥nam, Sterz, strik, strut, thorn, torn, trn, törne, tŕň, étron, þorn, þyrnir, трънъ, тёрн, թարախ
|
| 22
|
*wobʰseh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wapsō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/osa, Wespe, arëz, avispa, guêpe, gwchi, gésp, hveps, kvefs, osa, veps, vespa, viespe, vosa, wasp, wesp, wobse, wosa, wæps, wósa, оса
|
| 21
|
*(s)ptyēw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pľьvati, plivat, pljuvati, pľuť, speien, spew, spiiwe, spoeg, spuo, spuwen, spy, spýggja, spýja, плевать, пльвати, пљувати, ту, թուք, تف, ष्ठीवति
|
| 21
|
*gew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keudō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuddô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuppaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūliz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūlǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleh₁y-, cod, coif, cudgel, kile, γυιός, γυῖον, γύαλον, γῦρος, гуя, կլիր, կոր, կուչ, կուր, կքեմ, ἐγγύς
|
| 21
|
*gʰórdʰos
|
Jaade, Middle Earth, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardô, gaard, gaarde, gard, gardh, garte, garth, garðr, garður, geard, gård, middangeard, urbs, yard, yerd, zardìn, градъ, 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃
|
| 21
|
*h₂ógeh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/aɨron, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akraną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/agoda, acorn, agern, aicorn, airne, akarn, akeran, eirin, jagoda, jahoda, oga, oko, uoga, æcern, агода, ягада, ягода, јагода, 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽
|
| 21
|
*mh₂ḱros
|
emagrecer, macer, macilent, macra-, macru, maer, magar, mager, magr, magre, magro, magur, maigre, mair, meager, meagre, megre, meur, mæger, méar, mér
|
| 21
|
*trosdos
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrastuz, drozd, drozg, drozn, druid, drózn, rastas, strazds, strudz, sturdzu, sturz, thrush, tord, tordo, trost, trøstur, turdus, þrǫstr, дрозд, дрізд
|
| 21
|
*wen-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winistraz, Vanir, Wunder, ota, under, undur, vanr, vingrs, vinna, vinne, ween, wen, win, winnen, wonder, wuna, wûnder, ynde, գուն, וווּנדער, وانستن
|
| 21
|
*ǵyewh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/źjáuˀnāˀ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kewwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuboriti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuka, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuna, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьvati, ceowan, cheek, chew, chüüwe, encía, gencive, gengiva, geniva, gingie, gingiva, kauen, tugga, tygge, tyggja
|
| 21
|
*ḱorh₂-
|
Raav, Rabe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabnaz, cornix, crepare, crepo, crever, crăpa, hrafn, hramn, hræfn, quebrar, querquedula, raaf, raban, ramn, raven, ravn, ravnur, resquebrajar, ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ
|
| 20
|
*dew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dwenos, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/daviti, beo, bo, bom, bon, bona, bonus, bounty, bueno, bun, buono, bur, buyno, bõo, duellum, duonus, tether, δύη, δύω
|
| 20
|
*kert-
|
-ard, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harstijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěslo, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫtiti, cartilago, crassus, cratis, hahl, hart, harðr, harður, heard, hert, hård, kerta, krēsls, خرطال, सकृत्, 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃
|
| 20
|
*pleh₂k-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōkaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plakati, apluda, chiànciri, flail, flengja, fling, lancea, lanza, piangere, plaindre, plaudo, plañir, plecto, plânge, vlek, λόγχη, πλήσσω, плакати
|
| 20
|
*preysk-
|
fersc, fersk, ferskr, feskur, frais, frais-ch, fras-ch, fresco, fresh, frestg, frisc, frisch, friscu, frisk, fräsch, färsk, presko, rexelo, vers, vrisch
|
| 20
|
*temp-
|
taimp, tains, temp, tempio, templ'ye, template, temple, templo, tempo, temps, tempu, tenpo, tiempo, tiempu, timp, tâmplă, tèms, թամբ, تافتن, تنبسه
|
| 19
|
*(s)pel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flainaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/speldą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spilþijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spōlǭ, fjalë, flas, mudspelli, pall, plis, popël, päl-, spale, spelc, speld, spill, spilla, splot, splott, spolium
|
| 19
|
*(s)teyg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stěgъ, etiquette, instigator, stick, stickle, stiften, stigt, stitch, ticket, tirar, toxo, дзръцка, згра, تیز, टिकट, तिग्म, तीखा, तेजते
|
| 19
|
*ǵeh₂r-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garman, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyeti, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyos, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gāri, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karō, care, ceorian, chary, fogur, fógair, fógra, gair, gairid, gairm, garrio, ger, gorma, gáir, taghairm
|
| 18
|
*dʰh₂ebʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dabaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daftuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/faβros, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/doba, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobľь, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobь, daft, deft, doba, fabbro, faber, fabriko, faur, դարբին, פֿאַבריק, دفنوک
|
| 18
|
*galw-
|
calb, calvo, chalo, chauve, go, gol, gollomësh, goły, holý, kaal, kahl, kalabera, го, гол, голий, голъ, голый, کل
|
| 18
|
*h₁eǵʰis
|
Igel, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/igilaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ežь, egel, esh, eshk, ezis, ežys, igel, igelkott, igil, igulker, ychel, ígulker, ígull, αχινός, ոզնի, ἐχῖνος
|
| 18
|
*krek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hragilą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hragjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hragōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hreganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrugnaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz, Rogen, hrogn, hrægl, krāce, ramm, reel, roe, rogn, rogue, rom, rókur, rɑmm
|
| 18
|
*sew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sawwą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/suflą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūkaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūpaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sewH-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/saw-, acetileno, gesyd, hemlock, soul cake, sowl, sufel, sūkt, sūp, zucht, šaurs, խոնաւ
|
| 17
|
*(s)kewH-
|
Hoden, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skōhaz, cocles, codia, cucullus, cul, culo, culus, cur, cutis, cwd, obscurus, squama, κύστις, κύτος, σκύλος, σκῦτος
|
| 17
|
*del-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/talaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taljaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/talō, Zahl, baktala, taalken, tala, tale, talk, tall, tallow, telts, tolter, totter, tälja, δόλος
|
| 17
|
*deru-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/terwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/traustaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/traustą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru, drūwis, dur, durante, durus, dû, traust, trust, truth, tryst, δροόν, деревянный
|
| 17
|
*dʰrebʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drabaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drabaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drebězgъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drebъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drebъxa, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/droba, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drobězgъ, drab, drappus, drepe, dreve, drobit, droby, trapo, τρέφω, дребезжать
|
| 17
|
*gū-
|
Kauz, Keats, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keluz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keudō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuddô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kweþuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūliz, chitterlings, cod, coif, cop, coppe, cudgel, kile, kite, kobbe
|
| 17
|
*h₁rowdʰós
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raudaz, raud, rauðr, read, red, reyður, rod, rood, rooi, root, rot, ruar, ruovdi, röd, rød, røþer, लोह
|
| 17
|
*h₂engulos
|
angle, angolo, angular, angulus, ugao, uhol, unghi, vogal, vugel, węgieł, ângulo, úhel, угао, угол, ъгъл, ѫгълъ, अङ्गुरि
|
| 17
|
*keg-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Haken, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakkōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōkaz, hachereau, hack, hake, haked, hako, hock, hoek, hook, háček, āķis, چغندر
|
| 17
|
*mag-
|
Macker, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/makaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/makkô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/makô, macerate, machen, machon, mackly, maior, maioria, make, maquiller, match, matcha, maçon, meitsje, اماج
|
| 17
|
*mr̥twós
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrtvъ, martwić, martwy, mort, morto, mortuus, mrtav, mrtev, mrtvý, muerto, mŕtvy, zmartwienie, βροτός, мертвий, мртав, мъртъв, мёртвый
|
| 17
|
*mū-
|
Maul, Mücke, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mują, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūlô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūlō, amuse, amuser, midge, mud, mug, murrāt, muša, myg, mygg, mún, մունջ, մուռ
|
| 17
|
*newd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nautą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neutaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nutjō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nutą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nutō, geneat, nait, nauda, neat, note, noteful, notian, notu, nut, nuttig, nytt, nöt
|
| 17
|
*skabʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skabaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/skambʰás, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skopiti, escano, escaño, scabo, scabrous, scafan, scamnum, scanno, schaben, scrab, shave, skafa, skava, skäva, स्कम्भ
|
| 17
|
*wey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waizdaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weydʰ-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyk-, fial, vaina, viegls, viesis, visas, vél, vír, vīrs, wattle, wile, wit, withe, wiþþe, վիզ
|
| 17
|
*ḱes-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūliz, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kazēō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kositi, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosъ, careo, carious, cassus, castro, castrum, castus, chatelaine, cossus, sile, sils, शस्त्र, 𑀲𑀲
|
| 16
|
*bʰabʰ-
|
Bohne, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baunō, baun, baune, bean, bob, bona, böna, bøn, bøna, bønne, faba, fava, fève, haba, боб
|
| 16
|
*kaput-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Haupt, cabo, cap, capo, chef, heafod, heid, hode, hoved, hovud, huvud, höfuð, høvd, hǫfuð, ĉefo
|
| 16
|
*kenk-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Minto, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hanhaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hungruz, ceindre, ceñir, cheindre, cincinnus, cinge, cingere, cingir, cingo, cinto, hunger, κάγκανος, چغندر
|
| 16
|
*kost-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ésth₁, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kostь, coastă, costa, costas, cuesta, côte, entrecot, kost, kosť, kość, kósć, кост, кость, кість
|
| 16
|
*leh₂p-
|
lamp, lampas, lampu, lao, laogh, leugh, lheiy, liepsna, limpidus, llo, loisc, loisg, lopë, lóeg, lāpa, λάμπω
|
| 16
|
*marǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marką, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/markō, marc, marca, marcher, marchio, marco, margine, margo, mark, markah, marquis, martsa, merek, merki, märke
|
| 16
|
*rew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raukiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raumaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raustijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reukaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reumô, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ráwgnah, raudāt, rim, roke, ronis, runcis, rómi, straujš, řvát, рити, रव
|
| 16
|
*seyk-
|
desiccate, saec, sec, secar, secchezza, secco, seco, seka, setch, siccus, sie, sika, sé, ἥκω, ἰκμάς, ἵκω
|
| 16
|
*spel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spellą, fell, fyell, gaspallo, gaspiller, gaspilleux, spalgs, spel, spell, spilgts, spillan, spjall, spool, spuldze, spulgs, առասպել
|
| 16
|
*weyg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihslaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wikǭ, Woche, avachi, avachir, uge, uke, vecka, veke, viegls, vika, waek, week, weke, wice, woh
|
| 16
|
*yéwos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jüvä, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yáwas, arista, eorna, eväs, eòrna, jyvä, žo, ζειά, یو, जऊ, जव, जौ, यव, 𑀚𑀯, 𑘕𑘅
|
| 16
|
*ḱelh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćarHáts, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/carHdáh, caldre, caleo, calere, calumny, calvor, chaloir, lee, silts, ŠNT, šiltas, σαρλο, शरदा, शरद्, शारद
|
| 15
|
*(s)keng-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kengeti, Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kenkä, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skankô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skinkô, Vercingetorix, camiño, camminus, cingid, escanção, keim, shank, skink, échanson, σκάζων, шега
|
| 15
|
*bel-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Bolesław, Bolshevism, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ébōl, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bálam, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bálas, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolěti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/boľьjь, debilis, pļāpāt, βελτίων, большой, պեղեմ, بل, बल
|
| 15
|
*bʰren-
|
Reconstruction:Latin/affronto, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brinkaz, barmr, brant, brat, bratt, brattur, brink, brȧtt, frente, frons, front, fronte, frundío, frunte
|
| 15
|
*bʰres-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brestaną, barsten, basten, berstan, brace, braise, brest, bresta, bris, brish, brisid, brista, briste, burst, φάρσος
|
| 15
|
*dʰerǵʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/druknaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drūgiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/dr̥ẓḍʰás, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrzati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržati, dry, dryge, dröög, trocken, טרוקן, دوڑ, दृढ, दृळ्ह, ḍaḷha
|
| 15
|
*dʰreybʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draibō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drībaną, drayb, dreave, drev, drieven, drifan, drift, drijven, driva, drive, drove, drífa, treiben, 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽
|
| 15
|
*gʰreyb-
|
Grippe, Grippi, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīpaną, begripe, greifen, gribe, gribēt, griep, grifan, grijpen, gripa, gripe, grippe, gripper, grípa
|
| 15
|
*h₂wl(o)p-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/lupiš, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wolpis, golpelha, golpella, loberno, louarn, lowarn, rubah, vulpe, vulpeja, vulpes, روباه, लोपाक, लोपाश, ḷawák
|
| 15
|
*h₃érsos
|
Aarsch, Arsch, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arsaz, aars, anuran, anúra, ars, arse, ass, earr, ears, rass, rrëzë, ոռ, ὄρρος
|
| 15
|
*keng-
|
Haken, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kengets, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakkōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōkaz, hachereau, hack, hake, haked, hock, hoek, hook, háček, چغندر
|
| 15
|
*kerdʰ-
|
Herde, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herdō, cireadă, csorda, cârd, harde, heord, herd, herde, hjord, hjörð, hjørð, krdo, крдо, کرد
|
| 15
|
*mor-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Mahr, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marǭ, cauchemar, mare, merë, meurdri, meurtre, meurtrir, mořit, murder, myrþra, mórbido, tmerr, μάρμαρος
|
| 15
|
*muH-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/myti, miti, mizë, mut, muter, mútra, mýt, мити, мыти, мыть, мыться, موت, मूत, মূত
|
| 15
|
*pl̥h₂meh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸlāmā, lau, laue, leuv, llaw, làmh, lám, lámh, lámur, palm, palma, palmeira, palmă, paume, pálmi
|
| 15
|
*selk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/selhaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulhs, hulli, seal, sil, solc, solco, sul, sulc, sulcus, sulh, sullow, surco, ἕλκω, ὁλκός
|
| 15
|
*strenk-
|
estresse, estreñir, strang, strangi, strangr, strangur, streng, stringere, strong, stronghold, strânge, sträng, étreindre, êtrait, στλεγγίδα
|
| 15
|
*suk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūkaną, saugen, sjúga, sucan, succhiare, sucer, suga, sugar, suge, sugo, sú, súga, súgva, sūg
|
| 15
|
*tragʰ-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, tergus, traer, trage, tragula, tragum, traire, tralla, trama, trarre, tratar, trattare, treure, tërheq, τράτα
|
| 15
|
*werǵʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/werdza, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wargaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurgijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/otъverzti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrzati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrša, urgeo, virsis, worgen, worry, wring, wurg, wurgen, wyrgan, würgen
|
| 15
|
*ḱak-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, géc, hag, heifer, kāsis, sakas, sakne, شاخ, शक्, शक्चे, शक्ति, शक्नोति, सकत, सकना, શાખા
|
| 14
|
*er-
|
arkls, art, earnest, jørð, orë, rakstīt, rets, roseau, rosel, straujš, épervier, êpèrvi, ērce, ērts
|
| 14
|
*gen-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knabô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knappô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knudaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuzlijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knībaz, hnoða, knave, knell, knock, kuņģis, ngjesh, гнести, कन्द
|
| 14
|
*grewb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppaz, cripple, croft, crop, croup, group, groupe, grumbull, gruppe, gruppo, grúpa, kropp, krympling, krypil
|
| 14
|
*gʰredʰ-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręsti, degrau, grade, gradiente, gradior, gradual, graduel, gradus, grau, grym, plantigrade, unguligrade, क्रम
|
| 14
|
*h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HwiHćati, baynte, veinte, venti, vigesimal, vincj, vingt, vint, vinte, vinti, vîngt, yinghits, विंशति, 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
|
| 14
|
*h₂wer-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/wera, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurþiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/aweřřō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verti, aperio, apricate, operio, overt, urë, գեր, ἀείρω, ἀορτή, ἀπαυράω, ἄορ
|
| 14
|
*h₃ebʰi
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b), Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obьťь, o, o-, ob-, wob, wobjed, о, о-, об, об-, обо, объ
|
| 14
|
*ker
|
carbone, carbón, carvão, charbon, circus, coroa, corõa, cremar, cărbune, karbon, króna, kurt, queimar, quemar
|
| 14
|
*kewp-
|
Kopf, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hufą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūbī, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūbǭ, cuba, cup, cupa, cupo, houve, hovel, kuí, कुआँ, কুঁৱা, કૂવો
|
| 14
|
*kwat-
|
cacio, caș, keiju, keju, keso, kæsa, queijo, queiso, queixo, queso, quexio, کتغ, उकडणे, उकड्चे
|
| 14
|
*kʷetwṓr
|
bator, fier, fior, fire, fiurir, fiuwar, fjouwer, fjórir, four, fyra, fýra, quattuor, vier, 𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌉𐌖𐌓
|
| 14
|
*leh₁tom
|
lato, leto, lito, ljeto, léto, lěto, lěśe, ľotü, лета, лето, лято, літо, лѣто, љето
|
| 14
|
*mewk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mъčati, meek, mold, mould, muck, mygla, myk, møgel, odemknout, odemykat, zamknout, zamykat, zámek, šmaukt
|
| 14
|
*ni-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/niknǫti, niski, niz, nizak, nizek, niþer, nízky, nízký, низ, низак, низкий, низок, низький, نوشتن
|
| 14
|
*pelh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pelgät'äk, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥Húš, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paliti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pelti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/polmy, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/polšiti, filu, full, il, il-, lia, oll, pelgama, viel
|
| 14
|
*slak-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slagjǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slahaną, schlagen, slaan, slahan, slaughter, slay, slean, sly, slá, sláa, slå, ṣlô, 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽
|
| 14
|
*smewk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smeuganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smukkaz, odemknout, odemykat, smeag, smokel, smuggle, smyga, zamknout, zamykat, zámek, šmaukt, μυχός, چموش
|
| 14
|
*sterg-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sterkā, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/starkuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterkaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturknaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sterťi, sargāt, serch, stark, sterk, sterkur, stärk, stærk, στέργω
|
| 14
|
*sug-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūkaną, saugen, sjúga, succhiare, sucer, suga, sugar, suge, sugo, sú, súga, súgva, sūg
|
| 14
|
*swen-
|
Swaan, sonar, sonner, southern, suna, suonare, svan, svane, svanr, svanur, swan, swinn, šwon, स्वनति
|
| 14
|
*temh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/těmę, aestimo, cortumio, temno, templum, tempus, tona, tondeo, tondre, tunde, tundir, δρυτόμος, τέμενος, τέμνω
|
| 14
|
*tempos
|
taimp, tains, temp, tempo, temporal, temps, tempu, tempus, tenpo, tiempo, tiempu, timp, tins, tèms
|
| 14
|
*ḱwey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwisplōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwisprōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwistlōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīnaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīskrōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/světъ, hvína, quirito, vissla, whine, whinge, whisper, κύανος, շիճուկ
|
| 14
|
*ḱóymos
|
Cóemgen, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/koimos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haimaz, caomh, cu, cóem, ham, hameau, heimr, hom, kaimas, komb, kuñv, היים
|
| 13
|
*(s)kʷit-tis
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьstь, cesć, cinste, cześć, čast, čest, česć, česť, част, чест, честь, чтить, чьсть
|
| 13
|
*(s)treg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strakaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strakjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strakkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/straxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trьstь, estricar, shtriqem, strecken, stretch, trec'h, treun, trén, страшный
|
| 13
|
*bhleg-
|
bianco, biancu, blanc, blanca, blanch, blancu, blanquette, blianc, bllaunc, bllànc, blæc, branco, esbranquiçado
|
| 13
|
*bʰlew-
|
Reconstruction:Old Norse/bljúgr, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰelǵʰ-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰley-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/blyjati, blee, fiume, flem, flluskë, flum, fluo, fluor, fluvius, flüm
|
| 13
|
*bʰrē-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēdô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþaz, baril, barrel, brat, brath, brawn, bráður, bråd, burgeon, buron, byrla, offer
|
| 13
|
*dī-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tilą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīdiz, Yuletide, Zeit, dem, taið, tid, tidj, timme, tími, tíð, zit, צײַט
|
| 13
|
*el-
|
Altinum, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limuz, alksnis, alnis, elgr, elska, lanx, leja, liels, lixulae, աղաչեմ, աղատեմ, ողբ
|
| 13
|
*h₁eyHweh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/iwos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īhwaz, Ystad, eo, eó, ieva, if, uva, yew, yw, Í, ива, ὄα
|
| 13
|
*h₂eno-
|
on, ona, one, oni, ono, wón, òn, òna, òni, òno, він, она, оно
|
| 13
|
*h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s
|
arismetique, arithmetic, arithmetica, arithmeticus, arithmetisch, arithmétique, aritmetica, aritmetico, aritmética, aritmético, aritmētika, aritmētisks, arsmetrike
|
| 13
|
*kadʰ-
|
Hut, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hattuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōdaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/košь, cadw, cassis, cudo, hat, hata, hatt, heed, hood, הוט
|
| 13
|
*kat-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьlъ, casa, cassis, castle, catena, catulus, chain, chaîne, choïne, jeen, kadena, ķēde
|
| 13
|
*lewp-
|
Laub, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luftijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luftuz, lauf, lauv, leaf, lift, loup, louv, löv, løv, lūpa, лупить
|
| 13
|
*merǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrznǫti, comarca, demarcar, marca, marcar, marco, marge, margine, margo, mars, marxa, marxe, مرز
|
| 13
|
*mu-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Mücke, maurs, midge, mosca, mouche, mug, musca, muscă, muša, myg, mygg, μυῖα
|
| 13
|
*ned-
|
Neman, Netz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nataz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/natją, lanière, lanyard, nass, nassa, naz, net, nezzi, nostle, nät
|
| 13
|
*pew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/exsoβnos, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸowtus, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/feukaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pytati, faul, fog, fúll, praeputium, pure, vuil, úath, հոգ, հոգի
|
| 13
|
*reydʰ-
|
agréer, gréement, rad, raeda, ready, reiten, ride, rijden, ritan, road, räd, réidh, ríða
|
| 13
|
*skek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skehaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skōhaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skōhslą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skokъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skočiti, chic, hekur, sceon, schicken, shackle, shkak, sākt, شخشیدن
|
| 13
|
*srowmos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/straumaz, Strom, Stroom, rrym, rrymë, straum, straumr, straumur, stream, streymur, ström, strøm, ῥεῦμα
|
| 13
|
*swelplos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweblaz, azufre, enxofre, scljifur, sofre, solfo, soufre, sufre, sulf, sulfur, sulphur, xofre, zolfo
|
| 13
|
*trep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrabōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrībaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trem-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tres-, frother, frover, tharf, thrave, thrive, trepidus, þreifa, τρέπω, त्रपते
|
| 13
|
*ḱolh₂mos
|
Halm, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halmaz, colmea, colmo, culmus, haulm, slama, sláma, słoma, κάλαμος, слама, солома, سلم
|
| 12
|
*(s)gʷes-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwistiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gasiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gasnǫti, baase, bàs, bás, dzēst, gaist, gesti, σβέννυμι, гаснуть, जासयति
|
| 12
|
*(s)kand-
|
candeo, cando, hanë, hënë, kynttilä, κάνδαρος, चन्द्, चन्द्र, श्चन्द्र, চাঁদ, চান, চান্দ
|
| 12
|
*(s)ley-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/leemi, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slizь, deslizar, im, lean, levis, limo, limus, liveo, lliw, slittare, slivovitz
|
| 12
|
*(s)per-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraiwą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spraidijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprakô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprēkō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paportь, fry, frö, spraddle, spread, spryttan, sprædan, spurt
|
| 12
|
*-eh₂
|
-a, -α, -η, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ih₂, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tweh₂, forda, σπάθη
|
| 12
|
*Hukʷ-
|
Ofen, anë, oală, obwin, ofn, olla, oven, ovn, ugn, ակութ, उखा, ἰπνός
|
| 12
|
*bu-
|
bouder, bud, buča, piccolo, pick, piquer, poche, pochette, pocket, pout, puche, póca
|
| 12
|
*bʰolh₃yom
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, bile, bille, feuille, foaie, foelie, foglia, folha, folium, full, fulla, hoja
|
| 12
|
*bʰōw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōsmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/būkaz, bottle, bouk, bower, buk, fag, favo, favus, trebuchet, trébucher, trébuchet
|
| 12
|
*dʰerg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dergos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daugilaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/derkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drězga, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrča, dark, dearg, derg, dergėti, tarkär, tärkär, ταραχή
|
| 12
|
*dʰews-
|
Dird, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dusnos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/deuzaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwēsaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duša, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъxnǫti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vъzduxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zaduxъ, doze, dun
|
| 12
|
*dʰreǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drinkaną, dra, draga, dragan, dragas, drage, dregen, dretch, drink, dräga, trinken, ध्रजति
|
| 12
|
*gʷer-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwerruz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwerþrą, dzert, dzirdēt, garš, grykë, grīva, grūts, krave, δέρη, გორა
|
| 12
|
*kerd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hurskaz, ceardaí, ceird, cerd, cerdded, ceàird, foceird, keird, keirdagh, keirdaght, κέρδος, छर्दति
|
| 12
|
*klewb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaupaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľusę, hlaupa, hleapan, laupa, leap, leypa, lopen, löpa, löup, løbe, løpe
|
| 12
|
*lep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lōfô, glove, lapis, lepns, lob, loef, lopa, loppe, loupe, lógvi, lāpsta, λέπαδνον
|
| 12
|
*ment-
|
Mund, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/munþaz, mooth, mouth, mun, munn, munnr, munnur, mute, muþ, मुँह, 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃
|
| 12
|
*peuḱ-
|
Fiicht, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pugnos, poing, pugn, pugna, pugno, pugnus, pumn, punho, puny, puogn, puño
|
| 12
|
*pik-
|
Pisë, pakao, peccaminous, pece, peklo, pez, piekło, pix, poix, πίσσα, пакао, пекол
|
| 12
|
*prōw-
|
Frau, Fràui, frou, frow, prawo, prawy, province, provinche, provincie, provinsie, provînche, פֿרוי
|
| 12
|
*saləḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/salh, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/salhô, helyg, salcie, salgueiro, salice, salix, salze, sargasso, sauce, sealh, seileach
|
| 12
|
*steyg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þistilaz, estilete, estilo, instigo, stick, stilus, style, thistle, étiquette, στίζω, стекло
|
| 12
|
*sámh₂dʰos
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/samdaz, Sand, sabulum, saibro, sand, sandr, sandur, sant, sân, zand, ψάμαθος
|
| 12
|
*tri(d)ḱomt
|
treinta, trenta, trente, triciens, tricies, triginta, triinda, trinta, täryāka, τριάκοντα, ત્રીસ, 𐬚𐬭𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬙
|
| 12
|
*tuHsenti-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þūsundī, thousand, tisoč, tisuća, tisíc, to̧ujin, tysiąc, tūkstantis, tūkstotis, тисућа, тисяча, тысяча
|
| 12
|
*wedʰrom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wedrą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vedro, Weder, Wetter, ver, verwittern, veðr, vrëndë, väder, weather, weder, weer
|
| 12
|
*ǵm̥ros
|
dziniri, gendre, gener, genero, genro, genrro, ginere, ienniru, jenniru, xenro, yerno, zinar
|
| 12
|
*ḱeh₃-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱ-, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/katos, catus, cautes, cos, thadër, κῶνος, յեսան, սմբուկ, սուր, शूल
|
| 12
|
*ḱem-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamalaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamiþiją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hindiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱens-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koňь, cimds, hind, koń, kóń, kôň, kůń, κεμάς
|
| 11
|
*(s)kēt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaþô, Schaad, Schaam, Schaden, scado, scathe, skada, skaði, szkoda, škoda, ἀσκηθής
|
| 11
|
*(s)lew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slaiwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slakwjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slūm-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluzь, lither, slaw, slokna, sloom, slow, slumber, slö
|
| 11
|
*(s)tur-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/staurijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturmaz, Stuerm, Sturm, stoor, storm, stormr, stormur, stuhi, turba
|
| 11
|
*(s)weh₂gʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōgiz, sough, sweg, swei, swogan, swogen, swoon, vagio, ἠχή, ἰάχω
|
| 11
|
*-ḱos
|
-ach, -cus, -og, -īgs, -κός, -𐌲𐍃, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ikos, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kъ, barnacle, бокаж
|
| 11
|
*bʰerHǵs
|
Bierk, Birke, berse, björk, bjørk, breza, brjaza, bērzs, bříza, береза, бяроза
|
| 11
|
*bʰī-
|
Bavaria, baidīt, beach, bi, bia, bie, biedēt, bite, bitė, bý, bīties
|
| 11
|
*dol-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taljaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/talō, Zahl, taalken, talk, tall, tell, toll, tull, tälja
|
| 11
|
*dus-dyu-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъždžь, dažd, deszcz, dešć, deżdż, dež, dežđ, dážď, дажд, дожд, дъждь
|
| 11
|
*dʰayl-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dailiz, deiligid, deliti, dijeliti, dzielić, dæl, делити, делить, деля, дијелити, дѣлити
|
| 11
|
*gerg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakōną, craquer, croc, crocco, crochet, crouch, crécerelle, gredzens, kestrel, krok, kräkas
|
| 11
|
*gnebʰ-
|
Knabe, Knappe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knabô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knappô, cnafa, cnapa, knaap, knabo, knappo, knave, کنفت
|
| 11
|
*gnod-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuttô, knot, necto, nitoa, nod, nodo, nodus, nudo, nus, nó, nœud
|
| 11
|
*gʰrem-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Grīmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grimmaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grimmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunduz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gromъ, grame, grim, grum, grzmieć, χρόμαδος
|
| 11
|
*gʰrābʰ-
|
Grab, graben, grafa, grap, grav, grava, grave, gräva, græf, gröf, 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰
|
| 11
|
*h₁rep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rapiō, rapio, rapire, rauto, ravir, reap, ripe, rrjep, răpi, ἁρπάζω, ἐρέπτομαι
|
| 11
|
*h₂eḱmoros
|
Hammer, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamaraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éḱmō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kamorъ, hamar, hamarr, hamer, hammar, hammare, hammer, hamor
|
| 11
|
*h₂ulp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wolpis, golpelha, golpella, loberno, louarn, lowarn, rubah, vulpe, vulpeja, vulpes, روباه
|
| 11
|
*krew-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hriwwiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrumaz, heurter, hurt, rue, ruga, urtare
|
| 11
|
*krus-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrusǭ, criostal, cristal, crystal, hruse, kristal, krusa, kruša, rouhia, κρούω, رخنه
|
| 11
|
*kʷo-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kamo, kur, kë, nuk, quality, wenn, whaur, where, къгда, איכות, ווען
|
| 11
|
*meldʰ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Mjollnir, Mjölnir, Mjǫllnir, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/molātor, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/melþōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/modliti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mъldni, mild, молния, մաղթ
|
| 11
|
*menk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mangijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/męknǫti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mękъkъ, gemang, mank, menca, mengan, ming, miękki, mīksts, мягкий
|
| 11
|
*mógʰtis
|
Macht, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mahtiz, macht, mag, maht, might, miht, máttr, máttur, māht, мочь
|
| 11
|
*mē-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōdaz, mats, meklēt, mie, miets, mod, more, mos, mīsa, Μοῦσα
|
| 11
|
*paw-
|
paveo, pavio, pou, pozo, pozzo, poço, pudeo, puits, puteus, puț, repudium
|
| 11
|
*por-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną, fara, fare, fera, fremd, fremmandur, from, por, proa, vreemd, որդի
|
| 11
|
*promo-
|
fornir, fornire, fournir, frame, framr, frem, frim, fro, frá, furnish, perform
|
| 11
|
*salək-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/salhô, helyg, salcie, salgueiro, salice, salix, salze, sargasso, sauce, sealh, seileach
|
| 11
|
*selbʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/selbaz, selbst, selv, silf, sjálfr, sjálfur, sjálvur, själv, sjølv, zelf, zelf-
|
| 11
|
*strēl-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strēlō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strěla, Strahl, streal, strela, strzała, stræl, strēle, střela, стрела, стрѣла
|
| 11
|
*sḱeyd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/śědъ, sceith, scheißen, schijten, scitan, scite, shit, shite, skide, skita, skíta
|
| 11
|
*weng-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/wenkijan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wangiją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winkilaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winkōną, Winkel, vinkel, wincel, winch, wink, winkel, winken
|
| 11
|
*wreh₁ǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/raziti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/razъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězvъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězъkъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězьcь, երգիծանեմ, ῥήγνυμι, ῥωχμός, ῥώξ
|
| 11
|
*ǵʰalgʰ-
|
Galgen, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galgô, galg, galge, galgo, gallows, gealga, gálgi, jauge, salko, ձաղկ
|
| 11
|
*ǵʰés-to-
|
vast, даст, دس, دست, ہاتھ, हात, हाथ, হাত, ହାତ, 𐭩𐭣𐭤, 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣
|
| 11
|
*ḱelp-
|
Hilfe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helpaną, helfen, help, helpi, hjalp, hjalpa, hjelpe, hjálpa, hjälpa, hjælpe
|
| 10
|
*(e)me-
|
em, me, meer, mi, mir, moi, mè, mé, mă, mēs
|
| 10
|
*(s)kert-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herþrą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skurtaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъkъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kręnǫti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čersti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čersъ, cortex, curtus, через, чрез
|
| 10
|
*(s)penh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spananą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spinnaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spinþrô, Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/puna-, pe, spider, spiþra, πένομαι, πήνη, πόνος
|
| 10
|
*(s)twer-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/staurijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturmaz, Stuerm, Sturm, stoor, storm, stormr, stormur, turba
|
| 10
|
*aḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/agatjǭ, acetileno, agace, akmens, asaris, asmens, aste, astoņi, cetona, gazza
|
| 10
|
*dʰH-
|
ambre, faim, fam, fambre, fame, fames, fessus, foame, fome, hambre
|
| 10
|
*dʰel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daljō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dulją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōlijō, dal, dala, dell, douille, dowel, դանդաղ
|
| 10
|
*dʰewsóm
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Dird, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/deuzą, Tier, deer, deor, dier, djur, dyr, tior
|
| 10
|
*greh₂-k-
|
croak, gracchia, gracchio, graculus, grajo, gralha, gralho, gralla, graur, grolle
|
| 10
|
*h₂eyd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aitrą, aemidus, eiter, eitur, etter, veshkë, οἰδέω, այտ, այտնում, استیم
|
| 10
|
*h₂ous-
|
eyra, orelha, oyra, ucho, uho, øre, øyra, øyre, вухо, уво
|
| 10
|
*h₂élisos
|
Erle, al, alder, aller, el, elri, els, older, wólša, ἄλιζα
|
| 10
|
*kewb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huppijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huppōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōpą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьlъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kubъ, aubin, hobby, hop, hoppa, hoppian
|
| 10
|
*kóh₂ilus
|
hail, hal, hale, haly, heil, heill, heilsa, heilur, holy, hälsa
|
| 10
|
*kʷelp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwelbaną, colpa, coulpe, culpa, exculpatory, klupt, whelm, κόλπος
|
| 10
|
*lengʷʰ-
|
Lunge, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/langōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lingwą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lungô, long, lung, lunga, lunge, lungen, лёгкое
|
| 10
|
*lowksneh₂
|
Luna, lluna, lua, luna, lune, lunã, lună, lurĕ, lùnn-a, łuna
|
| 10
|
*létrom
|
Leder, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leþrą, leather, leder, leðr, leður, leþer, lledr, läder, lær
|
| 10
|
*līg-
|
Leiche, lic, lice, lich, lig, lih, lijk, lik, like, lík
|
| 10
|
*mak-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/mėgin, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/magô, macerate, maga, mage, maks, maksts, maw, meklēt
|
| 10
|
*mers-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marzijaną, mar, maraud, marri, marrir, mussati, mârri, práṣmik, մոռանամ, मृष्यति
|
| 10
|
*pat-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faþmaz, famn, favn, forage, foray, forrar, pantofola, patois, patrol, patte
|
| 10
|
*peh₂s-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pustiti, pairoître, paraître, parecer, pareo, parere, parèixer, pară, părea, հաց
|
| 10
|
*sab-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sapą, sabaia, sabayon, sap, sapa, zabaglione, zabaione, zambajon, זאַפֿט, هو
|
| 10
|
*skeyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaiþaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skey-, Scheibe, Scheitel, sceith, sciath, shed, shide, shite, skoed
|
| 10
|
*sneyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snidaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snīþaną, schneiden, sneiða, snida, snieje, snijden, snithe, sniþan, sníða
|
| 10
|
*spreg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprekaną, shpreh, shprehje, speak, speech, sprecan, sprechen, sprehhan, sprekan, sprekke
|
| 10
|
*sūl-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sugilaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulą, soal, soil, sol, sole, solian, souiller, suhlen, sully
|
| 10
|
*tenk-
|
Reconstruction:Gaulish/Tinkomāros, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tankos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þingą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhtaz, dodcadchae, thee, þeon, туча, 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽
|
| 10
|
*tew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tews-, daudz, stumt, taustīt, tauta, tukšs, čūska, тощий, թովեմ
|
| 10
|
*up-
|
Eule, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vъpiti, owl, uggla, ugla, ugle, ule, ulula, upe, uv
|
| 10
|
*woǵʰnos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wagnaz, Wagen, vagn, vagnur, vogn, wagen, wagon, wayn, wein, wægn
|
| 10
|
*wreg-
|
Rache, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrekaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrēkō, garçom, garçon, werke, wraak, wreak, wretch, 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽
|
| 10
|
*ǵlákts
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/dzalā, dhallë, lait, lapte, latte, leche, leite, llet, łate, 酪
|
| 10
|
*ḱelb-
|
Hilfe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helpaną, helfen, help, hjalp, hjalpa, hjelpe, hjálpa, hjälpa, hjælpe
|
| 10
|
*ḱew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiwją, hip, hue, hy, kustēt, kvieši, šausmas, շանթ, शिव, शोचति
|
| 10
|
*ḱewb-
|
covare, cubare, cubo, cysgu, hip, hjúpa, kousket, कुब्ज, কুঁজ, 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕
|
| 10
|
*ḱred dʰeh₁-
|
crede, credere, creer, creid, crer, creure, crianche, croire, kredar, श्रद्धा
|
| 9
|
*(s)peys-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fīsaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/piskati, fise, fist, fryj, spirare, spirit, spiro, पिच्छोरा
|
| 9
|
*(s)terǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrakjaz, dreck, drek, estiércol, sterco, stercus, þreax, șterc
|
| 9
|
*(s)tewb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/staupaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stubbaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stubbô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuppōną, stap, steep, stoop, stop, stupian
|
| 9
|
*bhel-
|
ball, balmäs, belau, berlau, bield, bleu, böllur, برلاو, بلاو
|
| 9
|
*bʰedʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/badwō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běda, bads, battuo, bed, bedd, besti, bēda, fodio
|
| 9
|
*bʰes-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bazją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/besamô, badër, besma, fshij, ψυδρός, ψόφος, ψύχω, भस्त्रा
|
| 9
|
*bʰidʰ-
|
affidavit, bedeau, bidello, bidon, bēda, faith, fidelia, fidelity, fé
|
| 9
|
*bʰoln-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balluz, bala, ball, balloon, baļuun, baļwūn, boll, bǫllr, palla
|
| 9
|
*bʰrewd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/breutaną, breyta, brit, britar, brut, brydhët, bryta, frit, frutex
|
| 9
|
*deyǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīgô, Zeichen, dedal, dedo, deget, digitus, dito, doigt, dêt
|
| 9
|
*dweh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/duHrás, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/davьnъ, dur, duro, durus, δηρός, երկայն, دور, दूर
|
| 9
|
*dīti-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīdiz, Zeit, taið, tid, tidj, tíð, zit, տի, צײַט
|
| 9
|
*dʰelh₁-
|
Dill, dail, dal, dile, duille, folium, θάλλω, θαλερός, θαλλός
|
| 9
|
*dʰen-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/danjō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duntiz, den, detta, ding, dint, dunt, gdhend, Ἠριδανός
|
| 9
|
*dʰoyl-
|
deiligid, deliti, dijeliti, dzielić, делити, делить, деля, дијелити, дѣлити
|
| 9
|
*gned-
|
necto, nitoa, nod, nodo, nodus, nudo, nus, nó, nœud
|
| 9
|
*grebʰ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Krippe, Reconstruction:Old Dutch/crimpan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kribjǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krimpaną, crayfish, crevice, crib, écrevisse
|
| 9
|
*grep-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/krappō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kraftaz, crave, grappe, grappin, grapple, grep, kraft, zgrip
|
| 9
|
*greyd-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/kritan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krītaną, crier, criten, cry, gingrio, kreißen, kriete, krijten
|
| 9
|
*gʷol-
|
Kohle, gols, gual, kol, kool, kul, kull, зола, زغال
|
| 9
|
*h₁eh₂no-
|
anas, anell, anello, anillo, anneau, anus, elo, inel, אנאלי
|
| 9
|
*h₁rey-
|
Reconstruction:Old Dutch/risan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raisō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raisōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīsaną, raise, rear, rise, rithe
|
| 9
|
*h₂egʷs-ih₂-
|
Axt, iks, yxa, æx, öxi, øks, økse, øx, ἀξίνη
|
| 9
|
*h₂ewis
|
audient, audio, auzi, oir, ouir, ouvir, ouïr, oír, udire
|
| 9
|
*kar-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koriti, carpen, carpino, carpinus, carreg, cerrus, charme, gërthje, карати
|
| 9
|
*kop-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, capo, capon, capão, hatchet, kaplis, kopat, kopać, çapë
|
| 9
|
*kor-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpijaną, croup, hrop, karote, roop, rout, кара
|
| 9
|
*kónh₂m
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/knāmis, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hammō, cnàimh, cnáim, cnámh, craue, ham, knaw, κνήμη
|
| 9
|
*kāro-
|
Hure, cara, caridade, caro, carrey, hoer, hora, hore, hóra
|
| 9
|
*kʷekʷlóm
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolo, hjul, hjól, hvæl, hweol, kokale, poples, wheel, wiel
|
| 9
|
*laks-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, laks, losos, łosos, łosoś, ласось, лосос, лосось, לאַקס
|
| 9
|
*lek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/letěti, flak, laceira, lacer, lacinia, lancino, lanius, lasis, locusta
|
| 9
|
*lewktom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leuhtą, leoht, light, lioht, lith, lithe, litht, lue, lythe
|
| 9
|
*leyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laidō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līþaną, laid, laido, leið, liede, lithe, littera, load
|
| 9
|
*lēk-
|
lacca, lacertus, laqueus, leg, leggr, leqe, lägg, летіти, لغم
|
| 9
|
*mat-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mattukaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maþô, machon, made, mason, mattock, maçon, maþa
|
| 9
|
*meh₂ǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mazati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/męknǫti, macero, massa, mazati, mazë, μάσσω, мазати, մած
|
| 9
|
*mewH-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/mauwa, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/múHtrom, meh, muf, mundation, mutus, μύω, մուր, մօր
|
| 9
|
*mr̥-
|
martwić, martwy, mrtav, mrtev, mrtvý, murder, mŕtvy, мертвий, мртав
|
| 9
|
*ney
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, ni, nic, nikad, nikada, nikt, ни, никад, никада
|
| 9
|
*pels-
|
Pella, Reconstruction:Frankish/falisa, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falisaz, ail, aill, falaise, falesia, fjäll, पाषी
|
| 9
|
*pen-
|
Pannonia, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸenos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fanją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fun-, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/funhtijaz, eanach, fen, penes, penus
|
| 9
|
*perH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/p(t)erH-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pariti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pero, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati, fier, forn, par, pars, پر
|
| 9
|
*piHweryon-
|
Hibernia, Iwerddon, Iwerdhon, Iwerzhon, Nerin, Èirinn, Éire, Ériu, Ἰουερνία
|
| 9
|
*pr-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô, for-, foremost, fram, frem, from, àrsaidh, ársa
|
| 9
|
*púḱsos
|
Fuchs, Fugs, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fuhsaz, fox, fuks, fuksch, fòcks, vucks, पुच्छ
|
| 9
|
*sal-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sultijō, sale, saliva, salns, sāls, աղտ, աղօտ, זאַלץ
|
| 9
|
*seyp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sibi, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sīpaną, joob, sapo, sieve, soap, sápa, σάπων, հիւթ
|
| 9
|
*tel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þelą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiljǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)telH-, cept, talam, talamh, thalloo, thill, tilts
|
| 9
|
*trūk-
|
beeindrucken, drucken, drücken, ndryqem, strucar, thrutch, trūkt, ткань, ткать
|
| 9
|
*unt-
|
ithe, ona, onda, onde, unda, undă, unnur, yþ, אינד
|
| 9
|
*weg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wegyeti, fee, figh, vasks, velum, wancol, wankel, wankle, wick
|
| 9
|
*weh₁r-
|
baran, urin, urina, urine, ούρο, οὖρον, գայռ, باران, گوارگ
|
| 9
|
*werḱ-
|
abri, abrier, abrigar, abrigo, vres, vrijes, wrong, врес, вријес
|
| 9
|
*widʰu-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/widus, fiodh, fíad, vidh, vidus, wood, wudu, بیدستر, বন
|
| 9
|
*wisós
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/viha, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wišás, bisa, biṣ, fí, wase, wäs, विष, ἰός
|
| 9
|
*ǵʰalg-
|
Galgen, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galgô, galg, galge, galgo, gallows, gealga, gálgi, jauge
|
| 9
|
*ḱent-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/štšentra, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hanþaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinþaną, centro, sist, çandër, κέντρον, κεντέω, κοντός
|
| 8
|
*(e)me-n-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/minä, me, meer, mi, mir, moi, mè, mé
|
| 8
|
*(s)kek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaggiją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakaną, schaken, shag, shagged, shake, skaka, skegg
|
| 8
|
*(s)kerb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skarpaz, harb, scarf, scharf, sharp, skarp, skarpr, skarpur
|
| 8
|
*(s)kerd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herzô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hratōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skertaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skurtaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъkъ, cardo, har, scherzare
|
| 8
|
*(s)meh₁l-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mīlom, meeyl, mial, mil, miñoca, míl, míol, μῆλον
|
| 8
|
*(s)terḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrakjaz, dreck, drek, esterco, estiércol, sterco, stercus, șterc
|
| 8
|
*-ro-
|
-երորդ, -իր, -ուր, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duriti, cheirar, flairar, flairer, fragro
|
| 8
|
*Hyeh₂ǵ-yu-
|
ajun, ayuno, digiuno, ieiunus, jejuar, jejum, xaxún, à jeun
|
| 8
|
*anew
|
ohne, on, on-, ona, āñu, ȫne, אָן, ἄνευ
|
| 8
|
*aukw-
|
Ofen, anë, obwin, ofn, oven, ovn, ugn, उखा
|
| 8
|
*budn-
|
bocë, boçe, pot, pot-sherd, pota, pote, poteen, potsherd
|
| 8
|
*bʰi-
|
Obst, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bьčela, apis, bee, ofett, ooft, ovest, ovet
|
| 8
|
*bʰrenk-
|
brengen, brengë, bring, bringa, bringan, bringe, bringen, 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽
|
| 8
|
*bʰūs-
|
Beutel, bluter, bolt, bordon, bourdon, budda, buidel, buratto
|
| 8
|
*dhalg-
|
falciare, faoucher, faucher, faux, faûchi, faûcil'ye, foice, fouce
|
| 8
|
*dhalk-
|
falciare, faoucher, faucher, faux, faûchi, faûcil'ye, foice, fouce
|
| 8
|
*dreu-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, dreng, drënjë, drūwis, traust, trotar, trotter, tryst
|
| 8
|
*dʰegʷʰris
|
Februar, February, febbre, febre, febris, fiebre, fior, fièvre
|
| 8
|
*dʰeh₁y-li-os
|
fegl, figl, figlia, figlio, fillo, fils, فيليه, 𐌚𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏
|
| 8
|
*dʰelg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalkaz, dalk, falce, falco, falx, falç, faux, hoz
|
| 8
|
*dʰol-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daljō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dolъ, dal, dell, doł, dół, důl
|
| 8
|
*dʰuh₂li-
|
dulis, dúil, fuligem, fuliggine, fuligo, funingine, hollín, ધૂળ
|
| 8
|
*glag-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klakōną, chiacchierare, clacu, clango, claquer, klaxon, κλάζω
|
| 8
|
*glembʰ-
|
Klumpen, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klumpô, beclip, clip, clomp, clump, gjemb, klomp
|
| 8
|
*gremb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krappô, grape, grappe, grappin, grapple, grep, kūreep, zgrip
|
| 8
|
*gʰeydʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/guɨstl, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gēstlos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьdati, gwystl, gíall, žudjeti, жудјети
|
| 8
|
*gʷowkólos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/boukolyos, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws, bochilley, buachaill, bugail, bugel, búachaill, βουκόλος
|
| 8
|
*gʷʰren-
|
rein, ren, rene, rim, riñón, ronyó, rână, φρήν
|
| 8
|
*h₁sh₂-én-
|
estanchier, sang, sangre, sangue, sanguine, sanguis, sanies, sânge
|
| 8
|
*h₂eltós
|
ald, alt, eald, eld, gamall, old, oolt, oud
|
| 8
|
*h₂em-
|
ames, ampla, amplus, ansa, namhaid, náma, námae, ἡνία
|
| 8
|
*h₂enkos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ankos, pajek, pająk, pavouk, pavúk, pawk, павук, паяк
|
| 8
|
*h₂ens-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hásuras, os, Æsir, ás, áss, ásur, असुर, 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀
|
| 8
|
*h₂ergʰ-
|
-arch, archaic, archaism, archetype, archi-, matriarch, ἄρχω, ὄρχαμος
|
| 8
|
*i-
|
-en, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jainaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jaro, geond, gif, id, jau, viņš
|
| 8
|
*kagʰlos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz, hagal, hagel, hagl, hail, hakëll, hayle, hægl
|
| 8
|
*kana-
|
Henne, hen, henn, hæna, höna, høna, høne, hœna
|
| 8
|
*kers-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kr̥snós, gusar, hors, horse, hross, ross, гусар, چرک
|
| 8
|
*kleng-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlankaz, fianco, flanc, flanco, flank, flianc, hlenca, خنج
|
| 8
|
*klā-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hultą, clérigo, crerigo, haler, hild, holt, hvolpur, hvølpur
|
| 8
|
*klēg-
|
Glocke, Klokke, clocke, clokke, klocca, klocka, klokka, klokke
|
| 8
|
*klōg-
|
Glocke, Klokke, clocke, clokke, klocca, klocka, klokka, klokke
|
| 8
|
*kneygʷʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnīgwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnīwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kneiɣʷēō, coniveo, connive, nicto, nitor, nuel
|
| 8
|
*krews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kruxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krъxa, costra, crosta, croûte, crust, crusta, crustă
|
| 8
|
*kʷoḱt-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/kwahtila, Wachtel, caille, coalla, coturnix, kwakkel, quail, चातक
|
| 8
|
*leu-
|
lie, llost, lops, lost, lé, verlieren, פֿאַרלירן, ლომი
|
| 8
|
*lew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leukaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lubją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luftuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūkaną, laus, lease, lib, liber
|
| 8
|
*leǵ-s
|
leadzi, lege, legge, lei, lex, ley, llei, loi
|
| 8
|
*lówkos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lauhaz, lakë, lea, leah, leigh, lucus, ló, လောက
|
| 8
|
*mendʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mundraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/męsti, mando, mostaccio, moustache, muntar, mustache, μαστιχάω
|
| 8
|
*meyth₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maidaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mīþaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьstiti, demitir, emissão, mensageiro, misa, missa
|
| 8
|
*mezg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/mośke-, masc, mashkë, mazgāt, mesh, mezgls, mežģīt, mæscre
|
| 8
|
*mows-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/muxa, moucha, mucha, muha, muva, моуха, мува, муха
|
| 8
|
*mozgos
|
Mark, marg, marrae, merg, mergi, mergur, murg, märg
|
| 8
|
*méynos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mīnaz, ma, mi, min, mine, minn, my, männ
|
| 8
|
*neyH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nīþą, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/náyHati, nithing, नयति, नी, नेणे, নিয়া, 𑀡𑁂𑀇
|
| 8
|
*oktōḱomt
|
huitanta, huitante, ochenta, octoginta, oitenta, ottanta, vuitanta, ὀγδοήκοντα
|
| 8
|
*oḱto(w)-dḱomt
|
huitanta, huitante, ochenta, octoginta, oitenta, ottanta, vuitanta, ὀγδοήκοντα
|
| 8
|
*peh₂ǵ-slos
|
pal, palo, palopalo, pao, par, pau, pawo, pieu
|
| 8
|
*pelu-
|
chus, fela, feolo, fjöl-, piùe, pluri-, pus, 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿
|
| 8
|
*pey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/failijaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/piskati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/piťa, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pěti, feal, fæle, piens, pious
|
| 8
|
*pezd-
|
bezdėti, paedor, peollo, pidocchio, piojo, piolho, pou, păduche
|
| 8
|
*piHwer-
|
Hibernia, Iwerddon, Iwerdhon, Iwerzhon, Nerin, Èirinn, Éire, Ἰουερνία
|
| 8
|
*pil-
|
horripilate, pelar, pelo, pilus, poil, pèl, pé, păr
|
| 8
|
*pu-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, pure, puro, pustula, úan, ŵyr, φυσάω, φυσώ
|
| 8
|
*puǵnos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pugnos, poing, pugno, pugnus, pumn, punho, puny, puño
|
| 8
|
*puḱnos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pugnos, poing, pugno, pugnus, pumn, punho, puny, puño
|
| 8
|
*pénkʷrós
|
Fanger, Finger, fingar, finger, fingr, fingro, fingur, 𐍆𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃
|
| 8
|
*res-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/razdō, rast, reard, reord, resht, rest, rǫdd, 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰
|
| 8
|
*rewH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reumô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūnō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūskōną, Riemen, rún, ἐρύω, ῥυμός, ῥύσιον
|
| 8
|
*skew-
|
escumer, hum, scum, skim, skúm, σκεῦος, щука, շուք
|
| 8
|
*skewbʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeubaną, schieben, schuiven, schuven, schöpfen, scufan, skubać, skuuv
|
| 8
|
*sokʷ-yo-
|
soccio, sociedade, society, socio-, socius, sociêté, sositet, soț
|
| 8
|
*sriHges-
|
freddo, frig, frigeo, frigid, frigido, frio, frígido, frío
|
| 8
|
*sriges-
|
freddo, frig, frigeo, frigid, frigido, frio, frígido, frío
|
| 8
|
*ster
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/starāną, shterrë, shtjerrë, stern, torpedo, στερεός, στεῖρος, στῆριγξ
|
| 8
|
*suh₂kéh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/suH-, sog, sow, sugga, sugu, sågg, zeug, خوک
|
| 8
|
*swordo-
|
schwarz, schwatz, sort, svart, svartr, svartur, swarz, sweart
|
| 8
|
*swoyos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svojь, sei, su, svoj, svůj, свой, свој, свій
|
| 8
|
*sōlh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sēliz, console, exhilarate, sale, silly, solace, solor, ἵλαος
|
| 8
|
*tak-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þagjaną, taceo, tacer, tacere, taire, tiga, tăcea, 𐌸𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽
|
| 8
|
*tata-
|
Titte, teat, teta, tetta, tette, tiet, tit, titt
|
| 8
|
*tregʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tregess, trag, traho, traig, troigh, þrag, трогать, 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
|
| 8
|
*wend-tri-
|
Wanst, venter, ventre, vesica, vientre, vintre, वस्ति, ἤνυστρον
|
| 8
|
*wh₂dʰóm
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadą, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/waðom, guado, vad, vado, vadum, vao, vau
|
| 8
|
*wi-n-k-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/winkō, vaincre, vencer, victor, vincere, vinco, vèncer, învinge
|
| 8
|
*wr̥dʰo-
|
gul, gwl, rovo, rubo, rubus, rug, گل, गुल
|
| 8
|
*ǵembʰ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/dzemba, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zęti, dhemb, oakum, zobs, ķemme
|
| 8
|
*ḱol-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hallō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoldъ, celyn, cuileann, cuilenn, cullyn, holly, kelenn
|
| 8
|
*ḱweys-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwisplōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwisprōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwistlōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīskrōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwíšah, quirito, vissla, whisper
|
| 7
|
*(s)keg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaggiją, schaken, shag, shagged, shake, shock, skegg
|
| 7
|
*(s)leh₁g-
|
lac, lactes, lag, lage, langueo, λαγῷος, लङ्ग
|
| 7
|
*(s)mūg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūk-, mitch, mooch, muchi, muchier, muger, musser
|
| 7
|
*(s)newdʰ-
|
nor, nube, nubes, nublo, nue, nuvolo, núvol
|
| 7
|
*(s)pereg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprēkō, freke, fresh, spry, spräker, språk, sprækur
|
| 7
|
*(s)treḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrakjaz, dreck, drek, estiércol, sterco, stercus, șterc
|
| 7
|
*-idyé-
|
-eggiare, -isieren, -ize, -izzare, Reconstruction:Latin/-idio, Reconstruction:Latin/-izo, اِيّارِ-
|
| 7
|
*Hroseh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rosa, rosa, rosada, rosée, rouă, rugiada, роса
|
| 7
|
*amma-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ammǭ, ama, amita, amma, amo, tant, tante
|
| 7
|
*apotero
|
After, after, efter, eftir, eptir, etter, ätter
|
| 7
|
*bʰars-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baraz, bar, bara, barley, broa, far, 𐌚𐌀𐌓
|
| 7
|
*bʰews-
|
Bier, Reconstruction:Frankish/bior, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuzą, beer, beor, bier, bjórr
|
| 7
|
*bʰrenu-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/brand, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brandaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/(p)rāntē, branc, brand, brawl, brian
|
| 7
|
*derə-
|
attirer, tira, tirer, tiro, tither, trotar, trotter
|
| 7
|
*drā-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tradō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/truzlą, troll, trotar, trotter, արտորալ, द्राति
|
| 7
|
*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)
|
venti, vigesimal, vincj, vint, vinte, vinti, yinghits
|
| 7
|
*dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂
|
faume, faumme, feme, femina, femme, fêmea, hembra
|
| 7
|
*dʰelk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalkaz, falce, falco, falx, falç, faux, hoz
|
| 7
|
*dʰreb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drepaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/draska, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/draskati, drab, drape, drub
|
| 7
|
*dʰrēn-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drēnuz, dor, dora, dre, drenso, drone, θρῶναξ
|
| 7
|
*enew
|
ohne, on, on-, ona, ȫne, אָן, ἄνευ
|
| 7
|
*g(')herə-
|
erba, erva, evera, hierba, hèrbe, iarbă, yebe
|
| 7
|
*gang-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kanką, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kinkōną, canc, gecanc, kink, γαγγαίνειν, गञ्ज
|
| 7
|
*gnet-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnesti, gnieść, hnoða, knead, kneten, гнести
|
| 7
|
*gog
|
cake, cáca, kaka, kex, keyk, queque, quiche
|
| 7
|
*greh₃d-
|
grad, grandine, grando, grindină, град, градъ, կարկուտ
|
| 7
|
*gʰoylos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gailas, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gailaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dzělo, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dzělъ, gal, geil, gel
|
| 7
|
*gʰr̥dʰós
|
गृह, गेह, घर, ঘৰ, ਘਰ, ઘર, 𑠍𑠤
|
| 7
|
*gʷiH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žica, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žila, dzīt, ǰi, βιός, زه, ज्या
|
| 7
|
*gʷih₃wo-teh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/gʷītā, bywyd, vita, život, βίοτος, живот, животъ
|
| 7
|
*gʷm̥yéti
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/gʷenjō, veni, venio, venir, venire, vir, βαίνω
|
| 7
|
*h₁elk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ulkos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ilhilaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olkati, ill, illr, ulcus, ἕλκος
|
| 7
|
*h₁ewk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unhtaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/učiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vyknǫti, укъ, उचित, उच्यति, 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃
|
| 7
|
*h₁néwn̥(d)ḱomt
|
nonaginta, nonante, noranta, novanta, noventa, девяносто, ἐνενήκοντα
|
| 7
|
*h₁wih₁ḱm̥t
|
bîst, feed, fiche, fichead, ugain, ugent, వింశతి
|
| 7
|
*h₂(e)rmos
|
arm, arma, armamento, armas, armatole, arme, armă
|
| 7
|
*h₂engʷʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫgořь, Unke, anguilla, engerling, ngjalë, ungurys, ἔγχελυς
|
| 7
|
*h₂et-no-
|
an, anno, annus, any, año, biennium, ån
|
| 7
|
*h₂euh₂-n-tlo
|
aonclle, avunculus, ewythr, oncl'ye, oncle, unchi, uncle
|
| 7
|
*h₂ew-is-d-
|
auzi, oir, ouir, ouï, ouïr, oír, udire
|
| 7
|
*h₂ulp
|
dhelpër, lapsa, lapė, volpe, vulpe, αλεπού, روبه
|
| 7
|
*h₂weh₁yu-
|
wayu, بايو, وايو, وایو, वायु, বায়ু, વાયુ
|
| 7
|
*h₃ew-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obuti, aut, auti, obout, zout, ագանիմ
|
| 7
|
*h₃ewps-
|
Appendix:Irish prepositions, Osmo, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ouxselos, os, úas, úasal, ὕψι
|
| 7
|
*kayt-
|
Cheatham, Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/koɨd, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haiþī, bucetum, heath, hed, hæþ
|
| 7
|
*key-
|
ciets, ciešs, har, hote, چهره, केतु, चित्र
|
| 7
|
*kh₂emp-
|
camp, campo, champ, champagne, κάμπη, καμπή, καμψός
|
| 7
|
*kneg-
|
Nacken, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/knokkos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnakkô, nacke, nakke, nakki, neck
|
| 7
|
*koləm-
|
colina, colle, collina, cołina, culine, hil, hill
|
| 7
|
*kolən-
|
colina, colle, collina, cołina, culine, hil, hill
|
| 7
|
*kom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъ(n), coma, gain, go, k, ku, к
|
| 7
|
*krewp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hreubaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krupa, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krupьnъ, rua, rue, ruga, rugu
|
| 7
|
*kyew-
|
cys, heita, hight, çûn, չու, չուեմ, شدن
|
| 7
|
*kʷeh₁t-
|
pasta, percuotere, quash, quatio, πάσσω, πάστα, παστός
|
| 7
|
*lino-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līną, lan, len, lina, linas, linum
|
| 7
|
*meyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maiþmaz, miets, mis, mis-, miss, missen, mithen
|
| 7
|
*mith₂-
|
demitir, emissão, mensageiro, mensagem, meter, mettere, mettre
|
| 7
|
*mūg-
|
mock, moquer, motchi, muggire, mugi, mugio, mugir
|
| 7
|
*nē
|
jo, nei, neiggj, nej, no, näj, nē
|
| 7
|
*peg
|
cheptu, pecho, peito, petto, piept, pis, pit
|
| 7
|
*peh₂n-
|
Faan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fanô, anaco, fana, fane, fōn, pannus
|
| 7
|
*peyt-
|
Appendix:Irish irregular verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸiteti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/piťa, ee, ith, ithid, पितु
|
| 7
|
*plat-
|
flad, flat, flet, piac, plac, place, plass
|
| 7
|
*prH-uo-
|
pierwszy, prvi, prvý, прв, први, прьвъ, първи
|
| 7
|
*proHwo-
|
Fraa, Frau, Froila, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawjô, frea, freo, правый
|
| 7
|
*prom-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną, fram, frem, fremd, fremmandur, from, vreemd
|
| 7
|
*pénkʷe(d)ḱomt
|
Reconstruction:Latin/cinquaginta, cincuenta, cinquanta, cinquante, cinquenta, quinquaginta, πεντήκοντα
|
| 7
|
*rei-
|
reisen, rijzen, riviere, rivière, ráða, ræswa, rísa
|
| 7
|
*roypnós
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reif, rap, reep, reipi, rep, rrip
|
| 7
|
*rēy-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīmaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīmą, ready, real, reimen, rethe, rime
|
| 7
|
*seu-
|
sapnis, sauss, soul cake, sowl, sufel, zupa, зупа
|
| 7
|
*sewos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/sowos, seu, son, su, suo, suus, său
|
| 7
|
*skewk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skōhaz, Schoh, Schuh, shoe, sko, skógvur, skór
|
| 7
|
*skeytom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ščitъ, szczyt, štit, štít, ščit, штит, щитъ
|
| 7
|
*smeg-
|
Geschmack, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smakkuz, schmecken, smack, smak, smekkur, smæc
|
| 7
|
*smeyd-
|
Reconstruction:Old Dutch/smitan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smītaną, schmeißen, smijten, smita, smite, smitta
|
| 7
|
*sm̥-h₂-ó-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz, haf, sam, samhradh, samrad, sourey, summar
|
| 7
|
*spʰel-
|
pliks, plēst, spalgs, spalva, spilgts, spuldze, spulgs
|
| 7
|
*sr̥p-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sьrpъ, serp, sierp, srp, серп, срп, סערפּ
|
| 7
|
*stegʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stangō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stogъ, stacga, stag, stagge, stang, стог
|
| 7
|
*stembʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stimbaz, Stephen, estamper, estampida, stampfen, stampita, étoffer
|
| 7
|
*steyp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stīfaz, estebedor, stevedore, stipo, stips, stipula, stipulus
|
| 7
|
*strel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strěla, strela, strzała, strēle, střela, стрела, стрѣла
|
| 7
|
*streng-
|
strang, strangi, strangr, strangur, streng, stronghold, sträng
|
| 7
|
*swergʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō, Sorge, serg, sorg, sorgen, sorrow, zorg
|
| 7
|
*swā-n-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōnō, sa, sain, sano, sanus, são, zoen
|
| 7
|
*tHk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þagjaną, taceo, tacer, tacere, taire, tiga, tăcea
|
| 7
|
*teḱs-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þehsalǭ, taxo, teixugo, temo, tesati, texugo, тесати
|
| 7
|
*treg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þruhtuz, shtriqem, strack, strak, stretch, stræc, þróttr
|
| 7
|
*trāgʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þragilaz, thrall, träl, træl, trælur, þræl, þræll
|
| 7
|
*trūg-
|
drucken, drücken, ndryqem, strucar, thrutch, ткань, ткать
|
| 7
|
*tu-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þeutǭ, stumt, tewel, tukšs, tuvs, tuyau, tuyere
|
| 7
|
*twer-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þweraną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvoriti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvьrdъ, thurse, twire, þurs, թարփ
|
| 7
|
*ukwnos
|
Ofen, obwin, ofn, oven, ovn, ugn, उखा
|
| 7
|
*uperi
|
sobre, spre, super, supernumerary, supero, superus, sur
|
| 7
|
*wadʰom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadilą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadą, guado, vad, vao, wath, wæd
|
| 7
|
*wenk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wenkāti, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wangô, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wačyátay, ungjetë, wang, գանգ, बचना
|
| 7
|
*yew-
|
Juin, June, Juni, ius, jumts, jūnijs, июнь
|
| 7
|
*ǵebʰ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kefalaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zobь, galta, gob, joue, jowl
|
| 7
|
*ǵómbʰ-
|
Kamm, comb, kuum̧, zubr, żubr, žubr, קאַם
|
| 7
|
*ǵʰelh₂-
|
Muriel, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gelos, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/glouros, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₂dʰ-, geal, gel, gial
|
| 7
|
*ḱal(w)e-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hliwjaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz, hlýr, lew, lukewarm, lunken, lýggjur
|
| 7
|
*ḱam-
|
camisa, camisia, chemise, hame, kamizo, kamizolo, سموت
|
| 7
|
*ḱr̥h₃m-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kormi, cerveja, cervexa, cerveza, cremor, serbesa, करम्भ
|
| 7
|
*ḱwn̥tós
|
Hund, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hundaz, hond, hont, hund, hóndj, 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃
|
| 6
|
*(s)kewdʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūdijaną, custos, hide, hutta, shun, ἐπικεύθω
|
| 6
|
*(s)kreb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harpǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrapjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrapōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrespaną, frapper, rapar
|
| 6
|
*(s)kreyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrīþō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīþaną, criso, scree, scriþan, shrithe
|
| 6
|
*(s)leg-
|
lactes, langueo, lekur, slinks, لشن, श्लक्ष्ण
|
| 6
|
*(s)leh₂gʷ-
|
labor, lacche, latch, læccan, λαμβάνω, लभते
|
| 6
|
*(s)ner-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/narwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snarhǭ, naar, narrow, nearu, νάρκη
|
| 6
|
*(s)pley-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/splītaną, fliss, spleißen, splint, split, σπέλεθος
|
| 6
|
*(s)terp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterbaną, starve, sterban, sterben, sterven, stärv
|
| 6
|
*-r
|
cur, here, ir, quirquir, there, yra
|
| 6
|
*-tero-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiþrą, minister, второй, въторъ, բերիւր, հաստոյր
|
| 6
|
*-ti-
|
-ção, -ոյթ, -ունդ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyti, արգանդ, մաղթ
|
| 6
|
*Hyeh₂ǵ-ye/o-
|
ajun, ayuno, digiuno, jejum, xaxún, à jeun
|
| 6
|
*alg-
|
Alghero, Alguer, alga, algă, l'Alguer, աղկաղկ
|
| 6
|
*altós
|
ald, alt, auld, eald, oolt, oud
|
| 6
|
*beu-
|
bouder, piquer, poche, pochette, pocket, póca
|
| 6
|
*bʰask-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/baskis, basket, bast, bæst, fascis, vascullo
|
| 6
|
*bʰen-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bang-, bang, banga, bangs, banka, biezs
|
| 6
|
*bʰerHǵeh₂
|
breza, brjaza, brzoza, bříza, береза, бяроза
|
| 6
|
*bʰereg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berkaną, bark, brayt, bright, frigutio, fringilla
|
| 6
|
*bʰlē-
|
bold, chama, fiamma, flame, flamme, llama
|
| 6
|
*bʰodʰ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bad-, besti, bosti, бости, بد
|
| 6
|
*bʰreh₂g-
|
brachet, braco, cheirar, flairar, flairer, fragro
|
| 6
|
*bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos
|
frasin, frassino, freixe, freixo, fresno, frêne
|
| 6
|
*bʰudʰ-mn
|
funs, fuond, fuonz, fùns, pundiyo, pundo
|
| 6
|
*bʰā-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/babalōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-, babble, boea, boy, buwae
|
| 6
|
*deh₁g-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tēkaną, ta, tage, tak, taka, take
|
| 6
|
*dh₂pnom
|
damnum, danno, dano, dany, daună, daño
|
| 6
|
*dolh₁éyeti
|
doer, doldre, doleo, doler, dolere, durea
|
| 6
|
*dwis-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twisilą, te-, to-, twissel, twistle, zer-
|
| 6
|
*dʰrew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuzaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrewgʰ-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drevьnъ, dromcë, droppe, fraudulence
|
| 6
|
*dʰwel-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Qualm, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwalaz, dull, duł, 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍃
|
| 6
|
*dʰédʰh₁i
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/dedi, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁(y)-, djathë, दधि, दही, 𑀤𑀳𑀺
|
| 6
|
*gal-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klakōną, clango, clepe, gjegje, klaxon, κλάζω
|
| 6
|
*geid-
|
catouoilli, chatouiller, giciloj, gâdila, kittla, kittle
|
| 6
|
*gem-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kimbaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumbraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žęti, cimban, kumbull, ճմլեմ
|
| 6
|
*geng-
|
cancelar, conger, gungë, kungull, kuņģis, زنگ
|
| 6
|
*gers-
|
car, char, chare, chore, cierran, kehren
|
| 6
|
*gleyt-
|
Kleid, Klette, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klaiþą, cloth, klettern, ngjit
|
| 6
|
*gred-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną, cratch, crate, grosa, gërresë, kratzen
|
| 6
|
*grewg-
|
Grick, Krücke, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō, crucche, crutch, krycka
|
| 6
|
*gʰlew-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glaumaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glawwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glīwą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/glumiti, glee, χλεύη
|
| 6
|
*gʷeHi-to-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žito, żyto, žito, žyto, σῖτος, жито
|
| 6
|
*gʷrH-
|
giria, žrtva, жертва, жрец, жртва, жрьтва
|
| 6
|
*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-
|
fil, filo, filum, fio, fir, hilo
|
| 6
|
*gʷʰr̥-nós
|
forn, forno, forru, four, furnus, horno
|
| 6
|
*h₁entrom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ętro, jatra, jetra, játra, jětša, јетра
|
| 6
|
*h₁ep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/apa, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁epi, ap, jap, yapoy, ype
|
| 6
|
*h₁ergʰ-
|
Appendix:Irish irregular verbs, earh, téit, ऋघायति, ἔρχομαι, ὀρχέομαι
|
| 6
|
*h₁ngʷnis
|
آگ, अगन, अगनी, आगो, અગ્ગ, આગ
|
| 6
|
*h₁éntrom
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁énteros, अन्त्र, आंत, আঁত, আন্ত, આંદરા
|
| 6
|
*h₂elh₁-
|
allas, alāsk-, alāu, աղամ, աղօրի, ἀλέω
|
| 6
|
*h₂enǵʰu-
|
angosto, angusto, ånger, îngust, úzký, ѫзъкъ
|
| 6
|
*h₂ermos
|
Arm, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz, arm, armur, earm, Ärm
|
| 6
|
*h₂leyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiþaz, laith, led, leid, loath, ἀλιτρός
|
| 6
|
*h₂é-h₂us-o-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/auzom, aur, aurum, or, oro, ouro
|
| 6
|
*h₂érkʷo-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arhwō, arrow, earh, ørv, ørvur, ǫr
|
| 6
|
*h₂ŕ̥mos
|
Arm, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz, arm, armur, earm, Ärm
|
| 6
|
*h₂ḱū
|
coin, conio, cui, cuneus, cunha, cuño
|
| 6
|
*h₃neh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/unnan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unnaną, nātha, नाथ, ᚨᚾᚾ, ὄνειαρ
|
| 6
|
*kamp-
|
camp, changi, changier, gamba, gammon, jambe
|
| 6
|
*kaw-
|
hean, honnir, honte, kauns, keq, քաւ
|
| 6
|
*keh₂i-
|
caelum, cel, cer, ciel, cielo, céu
|
| 6
|
*keh₂id-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kh₂eyd-, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kaidō, caedo, caelo, cestrum, conciso
|
| 6
|
*keh₂ro-
|
Hure, hoer, hor, hora, hore, hóra
|
| 6
|
*keh₂ros
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōrǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kury, hora, kurwa, kær, whore
|
| 6
|
*keres-
|
Haar, har, hár, hår, hær, šerys
|
| 6
|
*keu-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kumbā, cauna, excavation, húka, kucēns, kupa
|
| 6
|
*kh₂ndʰ
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kantos, canteen, cantina, canto, kantil, κανθός
|
| 6
|
*kisteh₂
|
Kiste, chest, cheste, kis, kist, κίστη
|
| 6
|
*knog-
|
Nacken, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnakkô, nacke, nakke, nakki, neck
|
| 6
|
*kr-kr-
|
cancer, cangrejo, carcer, carcere, chancre, granchio
|
| 6
|
*krustós
|
costra, crosta, croûte, crust, crusta, crustă
|
| 6
|
*kuH-l-
|
cu, cucullus, cul, culo, culus, cur
|
| 6
|
*kup-
|
adcobra, cobar, kipeti, kipjeti, кипети, кипјети
|
| 6
|
*kwu-dʰē
|
gde, gdi, gdje, kde, где, гдје
|
| 6
|
*kʷetwr̥(d)ḱomt
|
cuarenta, quadraginta, quaranta, quarante, quarenta, τεσσαράκοντα
|
| 6
|
*kʷeys-
|
adcí, cura, cure, faik, quaero, scour
|
| 6
|
*las-
|
lar, largus, lascivus, lazy, λιλαίομαι, लषति
|
| 6
|
*leh₁w-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēwą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lěviti, dìol, díol, lia, lie
|
| 6
|
*leǵ-no-
|
legna, legno, lemn, leño, lignum, llenya
|
| 6
|
*lówh₃trom
|
Ludrio, Ludro, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/lowatrom, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lauþrą, ludro, λουτρόν
|
| 6
|
*lāp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lōfô, glove, lamp, loef, lops, lógvi
|
| 6
|
*lēw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leuþą, laoidh, laudă, leed, lewd, lode
|
| 6
|
*maǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/makkijō, major, make, mass, māk, మేజరు
|
| 6
|
*me-
|
es, meje, min, my, mīsa, Μήνη
|
| 6
|
*menH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/mene-, mantle, mantum, manté, mynd, mynet
|
| 6
|
*ml̥tos
|
molt, molto, moult, mucho, muito, mult
|
| 6
|
*moh₁ros
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/māros, maur, mawr, meur, mòr, mór
|
| 6
|
*mony-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/manją, mane, manilla, mellum, mene, monile
|
| 6
|
*mr-
|
meurdri, meurtre, meurtrir, murder, myrþra, μάρμαρος
|
| 6
|
*mélyōs
|
meilleur, mejor, melhor, melior, migliore, millor
|
| 6
|
*mūs-
|
Moskito, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/muskiz, mosquito, moss, mus, muskiet
|
| 6
|
*ni
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nidwō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niþą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nīwalaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/písdeh₂, nisík, नीचा
|
| 6
|
*ol-
|
ala, alksnis, alnis, աղաչեմ, աղատեմ, ողբ
|
| 6
|
*p(e)t-tro-
|
passer, passereau, passero, pasăre, pájaro, pássaro
|
| 6
|
*pal-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ṗer-, palpo, papilio, poples, ψάλλω, 𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽
|
| 6
|
*ped-yōs
|
peggiore, peior, peor, pior, pire, pitjor
|
| 6
|
*pelis-
|
Reconstruction:Frankish/falisa, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falisaz, ail, falaise, falesia, fjäll
|
| 6
|
*perh₃-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸirnati, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/parjō, ernaid, pario, rath, ἔπορον
|
| 6
|
*perəm-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną, frem, fremd, fremmandur, from, vreemd
|
| 6
|
*pews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/arpacyaH, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/puxati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/puxnǫti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/puxъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/puzdro, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyxati
|
| 6
|
*pleh₁ḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flaiski, flesh, flesk, flikki, flitch, plasë
|
| 6
|
*polH-
|
falco, poll, pollo, polo, pui, pullus
|
| 6
|
*puḱ-
|
Fuchs, fox, puq, puth, putë, πυκνός
|
| 6
|
*pótnih₂
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, pati, zonjë, पत्नी, પત્ની, 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊
|
| 6
|
*pāpel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fifaldǭ, fifealde, fiðrildi, fjäril, førel, პეპელა
|
| 6
|
*pōl-
|
fal, falde, falla, falle, fallen, fååll
|
| 6
|
*rek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/regną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/račiti, rakstīt, regn, rheg, rhegi
|
| 6
|
*rewh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūmą, room, rus, róe, 𐍂𐌿𐌼
|
| 6
|
*rh₁d-dʰ-
|
rade, rado, raer, rasare, raser, raure
|
| 6
|
*se
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swē, seg, sig, svo, swa, sä
|
| 6
|
*seg-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/segnos, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sęťi, seges, segnis, sickle
|
| 6
|
*sh₂ews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sušiti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъxnǫti, sear, sere, sohr, sudus
|
| 6
|
*sinǵʰo-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sinȷ́ʰás, ինձ, سنگھ, सिंह, ਸਿੰਘ, ସିଂହ
|
| 6
|
*skand-
|
escândalo, scandal, škandál, σκάνδαλον, շանթ, սանդուղք
|
| 6
|
*skat-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skattaz, Schatz, scat, scato, sceatt, skatt
|
| 6
|
*slab-
|
schlafen, schlofe, slabber, slafan, slæpan, 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽
|
| 6
|
*spidtos
|
espeso, espesso, espès, spesso, spissus, épais
|
| 6
|
*steh₂-ro-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/starъ, starý, storas, stër-, stórr
|
| 6
|
*stengʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stangō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stęgъ, stacga, stag, stagge, stang
|
| 6
|
*stut-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stundō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuþs, stound, stund, stånn, stöd
|
| 6
|
*su-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūkaną, sauss, suka, sveiks, sūkt
|
| 6
|
*sweyg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swiką, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīkwaną, beswiken, swic, swick, swike
|
| 6
|
*sweḱsḱomt
|
seixanta, sesenta, sessanta, sessenta, sexaginta, soixante
|
| 6
|
*swéḱs-dḱomt
|
seixanta, sesenta, sessanta, sessenta, sexaginta, soixante
|
| 6
|
*swēr-
|
serio, serious, swear, sweer, sério, séthieux
|
| 6
|
*sḱēy-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skairiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skīriz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/širь, sheer, skär, 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃
|
| 6
|
*tegus
|
dika, tev, thuk, tiubh, tiug, çhiu
|
| 6
|
*tenuh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tanúHs, tn', تن, तन, तनु, तनू
|
| 6
|
*welw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walwijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wilþijaz, holba, volgere, volver, wallow
|
| 6
|
*werg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wargás, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warkiz, verge, vrgnuti, värk, вргнути
|
| 6
|
*weyḱs-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīhsilō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/višьňa, Weichsel, virga, viscum, wihsila
|
| 6
|
*wod-
|
guazzare, gâcher, vaska, vaske, wascan, waswas
|
| 6
|
*wondʰnú-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wantuz, guant, guanto, vante, vott, vøttur
|
| 6
|
*wéydtus
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/gwɨs, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wissus, fios, fis, fys, gwys
|
| 6
|
*wā-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wanhaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wanhō, ota, prevaricate, vāks, woo
|
| 6
|
*yekə-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jehwlą, Yule, Yuletide, geol, geola, jól
|
| 6
|
*yē
|
già, ja, já, yes, yo, יאָ
|
| 6
|
*ūsr-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūraz, unta, uro, उष्ट्र, ઊંટ, ઊઠ
|
| 6
|
*ǵeme
|
ǰamów, जमाई, जांवै, জমাই, জোঁৱাই, ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ
|
| 6
|
*ǵʰeysd-
|
Geist, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaistaz, gees, geest, زشت, हेड
|
| 6
|
*ǵʰr̥sdeyom
|
hordeum, orge, orjo, orxo, orz, orzo
|
| 6
|
*ḱewH-
|
cavus, church, colostra, κύριος, शूर, सुराख़
|
| 6
|
*ḱlewe-
|
hlyd, leer, lithe, loude, lude, luid
|
| 6
|
*ḱlēw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hliwjaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slava, flou, lew, šlovė
|
| 6
|
*ḱorh₂wós
|
corb, corbeau, corvo, corvus, cuervo, korb
|
| 6
|
*ḱr̥h₂wós
|
cerb, cerf, cervo, cervus, ciervo, cérvol
|
| 6
|
*ḱwónm̥
|
ca, can, cane, chien, câine, cão
|
| 5
|
*(e)dont-
|
Zink, Zinke, sin, tind, zinc
|
| 5
|
*(s)kambos
|
canger, change, changer, chànge, gombe
|
| 5
|
*(s)lembʰ-
|
Lumpen, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limpaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slimbaz, limbus, limp
|
| 5
|
*(s)lēg-
|
lekur, slinks, լակ, լկնիմ, լոկ
|
| 5
|
*(s)mewg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smaukiz, muck, mwg, smoke, მღ
|
| 5
|
*(s)mewgʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūk-, mooch, muchi, muchier, muger
|
| 5
|
*(s)penH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/pínˀtei, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spangō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęti, pīt
|
| 5
|
*(s)pregʰ-
|
esparcir, sparge, spargere, spargo, पर्जन्य
|
| 5
|
*(s)prend-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prędati, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pręsti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prǫdъ, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prǫtъ
|
| 5
|
*(s)ten-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stunōną, astonish, thunder, tono, étonner
|
| 5
|
*(s)terg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturkaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturkiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þruhtuz, stark, þróttr
|
| 5
|
*(s)ḱambos
|
canger, change, changer, chànge, gombe
|
| 5
|
*-eh₂-
|
-ach, -agh, -og, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ālos
|
| 5
|
*-eh₂kos
|
-ach, -agh, -og, Kelleher, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos
|
| 5
|
*-eh₂ḱos
|
-ach, -agh, -og, Kelleher, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos
|
| 5
|
*-es
|
-es, -s, -եքեան, -եքին, -ոյ
|
| 5
|
*-i-
|
-ic, -undus, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-onts, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-us, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti
|
| 5
|
*-mHo-
|
-most, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-umô, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô, foremost, utmost
|
| 5
|
*-no-
|
-ան, -եւին, -ին, -ովին, min
|
| 5
|
*-nt-
|
-ande, -andi, -ing, Serante, Serantes
|
| 5
|
*-sko-
|
-ոց, -ուց, -ց, -ցի, անց
|
| 5
|
*-ti
|
-eth, -st, -յ, Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/caHsti, शास्ति
|
| 5
|
*-to-
|
-oso, -osus, acrimonious, bouta, carious
|
| 5
|
*-yos
|
-ior, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-jь, maior, χοῖρος, साम्य
|
| 5
|
*alǵ-
|
Alghero, Alguer, alga, algă, l'Alguer
|
| 5
|
*bal-
|
ballare, ballerina, balēr, bałar, play
|
| 5
|
*bend-
|
pen, pin, pinn, pino, pintle
|
| 5
|
*bhlāw-
|
belau, berlau, bleu, برلاو, بلاو
|
| 5
|
*bhlēw-
|
belau, berlau, bleu, برلاو, بلاو
|
| 5
|
*buk-
|
poche, pochette, pocket, puche, póca
|
| 5
|
*bʰa-bʰa-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/babalōną, babble, babiller, babillier, βάρβαρος
|
| 5
|
*bʰabʰ-eh₂-
|
baune, böna, bøn, bøna, bønne
|
| 5
|
*bʰardʰeh₂tos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/bardā́ˀtas, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰeh₂, barbatus, barzdotas, bărbat
|
| 5
|
*bʰasko
|
faix, fascia, fascio, feixe, hacinar
|
| 5
|
*bʰei-
|
Bavaria, bailes, beach, bite, bitė
|
| 5
|
*bʰelH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/baltā, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolto, baltë, baltă, βάλτος
|
| 5
|
*bʰerē-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþaz, brat, brath, bráður, bråd
|
| 5
|
*bʰil-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biliz, Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/pʰílos, bile-, philopolemic, φίλος
|
| 5
|
*bʰlaw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blautaz, bloz, bloß, blöt, éblouir
|
| 5
|
*bʰléh₃tus
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰleh₃-, beladona, beladono, belladonna, белладонна
|
| 5
|
*bʰog-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bakiz, bache, beach, bench, bäck
|
| 5
|
*bʰol-
|
balss, balts, bletsian, bolts, բոլոր
|
| 5
|
*bʰor-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barwaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borъ, բոռ, բրէտ
|
| 5
|
*bʰron-t-
|
frente, frons, front, fronte, frunte
|
| 5
|
*bʰrāg-
|
braca, ofraxe, sofraxe, suffrago, sufraxe
|
| 5
|
*dey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taitaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьnь, daiļš, diena, tir
|
| 5
|
*doḱ-éh₂
|
doagã, doagă, doga, douve, dove
|
| 5
|
*dwó
|
dwi, dwi-, tveir, دوي, دوي-
|
| 5
|
*dŕ̥Hweh₂
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tarwō, dirva, tare, दूब, दूर्वा
|
| 5
|
*dʰail-
|
Deel, Teil, deal, del, dole
|
| 5
|
*dʰanw-
|
dub, dąb, даб, дуб, дѫбъ
|
| 5
|
*dʰeh₁-l-
|
Dalmatae, dash, delmë, djalë, dėlė
|
| 5
|
*dʰeh₁-lw-i
|
felice, felix, feliz, feliç, ferice
|
| 5
|
*dʰelgʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dulgaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dulgą, dligid, dylu, долг
|
| 5
|
*dʰemH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/dumˀtei, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dimmaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dǫti, dumti, dutý
|
| 5
|
*dʰh₁-o-
|
nad, nade, pod, przed, przede
|
| 5
|
*dʰreǵʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/dredza, dorg, drag, dredh, shtreth
|
| 5
|
*dʰwor-
|
durvis, durys, טיר, دوار, द्वार
|
| 5
|
*ebʰi-
|
Obst, ofett, ooft, ovest, ovet
|
| 5
|
*es-
|
sein, sii, sin, sinh, ŝchi
|
| 5
|
*g(ʷ)uH-
|
گه, गुह, गू, गूथ, গু
|
| 5
|
*gag-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kakǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōkô, gogël, Γίγας, كعك
|
| 5
|
*gan-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kannǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kanô, can, canard, canette
|
| 5
|
*gandʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kannǭ, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kanô, can, canard, canette
|
| 5
|
*geh₂w-
|
Gaius, gaudeo, γαίω, γαῦρος, γηθέω
|
| 5
|
*gelt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kelþaz, caule, cild, colt, kilt
|
| 5
|
*gewt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keudō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuddô, cod, codd, kudde
|
| 5
|
*gey-
|
Kiepe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaipaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kīþą, kippa, կքեմ
|
| 5
|
*ghrewə-
|
engross, gran, grande, great, gross
|
| 5
|
*glewt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/glъtati, gutati, голта, голтне, гутати
|
| 5
|
*gow(H)-
|
hovoriť, hovořit, говорити, говорить, говоря
|
| 5
|
*gras-
|
Kresse, cress, kers, γράω, ग्रसति
|
| 5
|
*gʰers-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, գրգիռ, घर्षति, घासणे, ঘঁহা
|
| 5
|
*gʰewro-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gauraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuriti, žuriti, журити, 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃
|
| 5
|
*gʰordʰos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gardas, grad, jardim, jardin, город
|
| 5
|
*gʰregʰwos
|
grag, greña, gri, grigio, gris
|
| 5
|
*gʷewd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuttô, coat, koc, kot, کوټ
|
| 5
|
*gʷrebʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žerbę, bromach, βρέφος, жеребец, կորիւն
|
| 5
|
*h₁e-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ak, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/i, и, і, एतद्
|
| 5
|
*h₁eh₁tmén-
|
Atem, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēþmaz, athem, æþm, אָטעם
|
| 5
|
*h₁ger-
|
जागणे, जागना, जागर्ति, जाग्चे, ἐγείρω
|
| 5
|
*h₁neḱ-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic verbs, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bringaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nesti, nešti, अंश
|
| 5
|
*h₁reh₁p-
|
Rebe, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rafjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rebǭ, raf, repo
|
| 5
|
*h₂erkʷo-
|
Alcobre, Reconstruction:Latin/arcio, arc, arco, arcus
|
| 5
|
*h₂ewlos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Tocharian/āläi, alvus, carol, αυλός, αὐλός
|
| 5
|
*h₂mr-u-
|
ombra, ombre, sombra, umbra, umbră
|
| 5
|
*h₂mrup-
|
ombra, ombre, sombra, umbra, umbră
|
| 5
|
*h₂owg-
|
feayr, fuar, oer, úar, ոյծ
|
| 5
|
*h₂wl(o)p
|
lapsa, lapė, volpe, vulpe, αλεπού
|
| 5
|
*h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/walēō, valeo, valer, valere, valoir
|
| 5
|
*h₂énsus
|
Æsir, ás, áss, ásur, աստուած
|
| 5
|
*h₃nogʷʰ-
|
ingen, ingin, ionga, ноготь, нохоть
|
| 5
|
*h₃rinéHti
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/rina, Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/rinja, re, ren, rij
|
| 5
|
*kal-
|
Calais, caled, hull, καλός, कल्य
|
| 5
|
*kalw-
|
calb, calvo, calvous, chauve, kalabera
|
| 5
|
*kam-
|
cam, camming, hámster, sams, քամակ
|
| 5
|
*kankest-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hangistaz, henchman, hestur, häst, خنگ
|
| 5
|
*ked-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kádruš, ancestral, concede, conceder, κέδρος
|
| 5
|
*kek-
|
sakas, sākt, āķis, ķeksis, چغندر
|
| 5
|
*kem-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamjaną, cimds, hamble, hamelen, hummel
|
| 5
|
*kerḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kr̥ćás, cracens, gracilis, schlank, कृश
|
| 5
|
*ket-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotiti, casa, catinus, thes, առաքինի
|
| 5
|
*klek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlahjaną, clock, laughter, le, qesh
|
| 5
|
*klād-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hultą, clawdd, clérigo, crerigo, holt
|
| 5
|
*klān-
|
Clanis, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlandą, hland, land, lant
|
| 5
|
*kob-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hampą, hap, kob, kobieta, коб
|
| 5
|
*kol-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulisaz, hold, kult, κόλλα, ковбаса
|
| 5
|
*kola-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hultą, clérigo, crerigo, hild, holt
|
| 5
|
*krow-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwō, heurter, hryre, rue
|
| 5
|
*kuḱis
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/písdeh₂, kuč, kūšys, کس, कुक्षि
|
| 5
|
*kwel-
|
colostra, kala-, kul, polaire, sjell
|
| 5
|
*kólsos
|
Elsinore, Helsingjaeyri, Helsingör, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halsaz, hals
|
| 5
|
*kóylos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hailaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cělъ, eils, hallow, whole
|
| 5
|
*kū-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūwilōną, cūka, howl, kukainis, քուք
|
| 5
|
*laḱs-
|
Las, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lahsaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lososь, lax, lox
|
| 5
|
*leh₂iwo-
|
laevus, lěwy, λαιός, лев, левый
|
| 5
|
*lewd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lutōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūtaną, lit, little, liūdnas
|
| 5
|
*lewo-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/labiʾ-, lav, law, lev, лав
|
| 5
|
*lewǵ-
|
lugeo, λύγξ, լուծանեմ, रुजति, रोग
|
| 5
|
*leyH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/liyeti, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liþuz, díliu, lia
|
| 5
|
*leyh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/linnaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/linwaz, linna, linnan, linur
|
| 5
|
*léwksmn̥
|
glüm, llum, lum, lume, lumen
|
| 5
|
*lēy-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laþō, late, lathe, lease, lush
|
| 5
|
*magya
|
May, Mei, Mey, maijs, май
|
| 5
|
*mereg-
|
march, marche, marginaal, marqués, marquês
|
| 5
|
*merkʷ-
|
Morgen, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/murginaz, morgan, morgon, μόλυβδος
|
| 5
|
*mewg-
|
meek, mjuk, mjúkr, myg, myki
|
| 5
|
*minu-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/minnistaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/minniz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/minnizô, lítill, minder
|
| 5
|
*molko-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malhō, mail, mala, malle, μολγός
|
| 5
|
*morwi
|
fruminga, mire, myra, myre, vruminga
|
| 5
|
*mrtro-
|
meurdri, meurtre, meurtrir, murder, myrþra
|
| 5
|
*muHdʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/myslь, misliti, myslet, μῦθος, мислити
|
| 5
|
*méga-
|
meget, mikill, mycken, mye, 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃
|
| 5
|
*méryos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/merx, marry, merch, morwyn, मर्य
|
| 5
|
*mēwdʰ-
|
maereo, miser, μῖσος, मिथ्या, মিছা
|
| 5
|
*mō-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōdaz, mod, mos, Μοῦσα
|
| 5
|
*m̥ǵh₂nós
|
magnality, magno, magnus, mannu, maño
|
| 5
|
*neh₂u-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naustą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nawiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyti, newyn, ناو
|
| 5
|
*nos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/nosteros, my, mēs, sní, नस्
|
| 5
|
*nēy
|
nei, neiggj, nej, no, näj
|
| 5
|
*obʰi-
|
Obst, ofett, ooft, ovest, ovet
|
| 5
|
*pAig-
|
Fehde, faida, feid, feige, veeg
|
| 5
|
*pAik-
|
Fehde, faida, feid, feige, veeg
|
| 5
|
*pedóm
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fetą, fet, πέδον, հետ, 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭
|
| 5
|
*pelh₁u-
|
Helvetii, Helvetius, più, plus, pus
|
| 5
|
*penkʷēḱomt
|
cincuenta, cinquanta, cinquante, cinquenta, quinquaginta
|
| 5
|
*perg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furkaz, forcel, fork, furca, vrucht
|
| 5
|
*ph₂ḱ-
|
fager, fagr, fagur, onfang, vang
|
| 5
|
*pisd-
|
pīḷeti, πιέζω, पिळ्चे, पीडयति, ಹಿಂಡು
|
| 5
|
*plāk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flakaz, flatter, flaw, placate, plāk-
|
| 5
|
*plē-
|
chus, fulth, piùe, pluri-, pus
|
| 5
|
*pn̥kʷ-sti
|
fyst, pięść, pěst, пясть, פֿויסט
|
| 5
|
*pod-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fatą, fat, pasti, vat, пасти
|
| 5
|
*polto-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/poltьno, platno, платно, полотно, पट
|
| 5
|
*pro
|
prior, prothesis, ro, ro-, πρό
|
| 5
|
*prō
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/prōjena, perëndoj, prehër, prej, prëhën
|
| 5
|
*pr̥to-
|
forth, forþ, voort, vôrt, پرت
|
| 5
|
*rap-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, rabo, rapa, rapum, rave
|
| 5
|
*reh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/enratos, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ratos, Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rēōr, irritus, рад
|
| 5
|
*rem-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rindǭ, rand, rim, rima, rind
|
| 5
|
*rep-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rafisjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōbaz, reptiel, reptile, rof
|
| 5
|
*resg-
|
restis, rush, розга, երագազ, रज्जु
|
| 5
|
*ret-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raduraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raskuz, rash, rotund, roué
|
| 5
|
*rews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raustijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūskōną, roast, roosten, روش
|
| 5
|
*rū-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raumaz, runcis, rómi, рити, ոռնամ
|
| 5
|
*seh₁-ro-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sīros, seară, sera, serus, soir
|
| 5
|
*seh₁y-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mer-, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěvati, sinus, ἠθέω
|
| 5
|
*seh₂ip-
|
saepes, saepio, saepis, sebe, sepes
|
| 5
|
*seh₂w-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swerdą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьlъ, Swērt, sword, swurd
|
| 5
|
*semH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/semeti, Samhain, dofuissim, sentina, ἄμη
|
| 5
|
*senH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sanis, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunder, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sundraz, सनितुर्, सनुतर्
|
| 5
|
*sendʰro-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sindraz, Sinter, cinder, sinder, ἄνθραξ
|
| 5
|
*septm̥̄ḱomt
|
septante, septuaginta, setanta, setenta, settanta
|
| 5
|
*sewk-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъkati, suck, sucus, հիւսեմ, հիւսիս
|
| 5
|
*sh̥₂uén
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunnǭ, Sun, huan, זון, 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉
|
| 5
|
*skap-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Scipio, schabouwelijk, scopa, scopio
|
| 5
|
*skeg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skikkijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēkaz, schicken, shackle, شخشیدن
|
| 5
|
*skend-
|
echelon, scandire, scando, skein, щадить
|
| 5
|
*skeyb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiftijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skipōną, sciftan, shift, sif
|
| 5
|
*skreb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrьbьtъ, schrapen, scrap, scrape, skrapa
|
| 5
|
*skēy-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiftijaną, sciftan, shift, sif, šķīsts
|
| 5
|
*sley-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/slēbos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slīmą, lima, slime, आलय
|
| 5
|
*sleyg-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slīkaną, shlligë, slick, slike, slitch
|
| 5
|
*sleyǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slīkaną, shlligë, slick, slike, λίγδος
|
| 5
|
*sl̥i-
|
saillir, sair, salir, salire, sări
|
| 5
|
*sol-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saliz, sal, saloon, salr, solidificar
|
| 5
|
*solk-o-
|
solc, solco, sulc, sulcus, surco
|
| 5
|
*som-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdi, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdъ, sąd, sędzia, σύν
|
| 5
|
*sperg-
|
Sperling, spark, spurv, spȧrr, שפּערל
|
| 5
|
*sph₂-dʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spadô, Spaten, espada, spade, spaði
|
| 5
|
*sr̥ǵos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturkaz, barză, stork, storkur, πελαργός
|
| 5
|
*stak-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stagą, Stahl, steel, stál, stål
|
| 5
|
*stelh₃-
|
lamina, lat, later, lato, latus
|
| 5
|
*stern-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stirnijō, esterno, steorn, sternum, στέρνον
|
| 5
|
*streg-
|
shtriqem, strack, strak, stretch, stræc
|
| 5
|
*swerd-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartijaną, sordeo, suasum
|
| 5
|
*swey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swindaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīþaną, sveiks, sweam, swifan
|
| 5
|
*sīw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/siwjaną, siwian, σουβλάκι, σουβλί, ნემსი
|
| 5
|
*sūr-
|
sauer, sur, súr, súrr, súrur
|
| 5
|
*t(e)mp-lo-s
|
tempio, templ'ye, temple, templo, tâmplă
|
| 5
|
*tag-
|
tangent, tangível, taxa, taximeter, thack
|
| 5
|
*taǵ-
|
taktika, tangent, tangível, taxa, thack
|
| 5
|
*tegos
|
taigh, teach, thie, çhaagh, çhagh
|
| 5
|
*tewH-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudijaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tewtéh₂, intuit, tueor, tumba
|
| 5
|
*trab-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurpą, thorp, trop, تالار, تلار
|
| 5
|
*treh₁-tu-
|
Draht, tráður, tråd, þráðr, þræd
|
| 5
|
*téynos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þīnaz, dänn, thy, tín, þin
|
| 5
|
*tūm-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þūmô, thumb, tëmth, túmulo, þuma
|
| 5
|
*uds-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-, a-, oakum, or-, ur-
|
| 5
|
*wal-
|
Gualtiero, Walter, cuckold, vagliare, vaglio
|
| 5
|
*wat-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waþwô, Wade, vascus, vatius, vatrax
|
| 5
|
*wek-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wangô, wancol, wang, wankel, wankle
|
| 5
|
*wekti-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/veťь, Wicht, whit, wight
|
| 5
|
*werbʰ-
|
urbs, verbena, verbină, vermena, verveine
|
| 5
|
*werg̑ʰ-
|
varg, vargr, warg, wearg, wiergþu
|
| 5
|
*werp-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wlapp-, ribald, vepres, wrap, zvirbulis
|
| 5
|
*wi-
|
isogloss, viss, второй, въторъ, ἴσος
|
| 5
|
*woydʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waidą, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waizdaz, guado, guède, woad
|
| 5
|
*wrē-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrēþuz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrōgijaną, wray, wregan, wroht
|
| 5
|
*wéy-
|
meer, we, wij, wir, wy
|
| 5
|
*wéǵʰe-
|
vega, veje, väga, wiegen, wägen
|
| 5
|
*wē-
|
uts, vājš, vējš, vēss, winnow
|
| 5
|
*yuHs-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/juxa, azymus, yūsa, यूष, 𑀚𑀽𑀲
|
| 5
|
*yōr-
|
ar, jary, jår, ár, år
|
| 5
|
*ǵers-
|
gerdius, kärr, γέρδιος, γυργαθός, ծառ
|
| 5
|
*ǵʰeh₁y-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zinǫti, chasma, hio, χάσκω, χηλός
|
| 5
|
*ǵʰleydʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glīdaną, gleiten, glida, glide, glijden
|
| 5
|
*ǵʰorn-
|
Garn, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garną, garn, gearn, yarn
|
| 5
|
*ǵʰóryos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/darja, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰḗr, er, χοῖρος, ღორი
|
| 5
|
*ḱanḱest-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hangistaz, henchman, hestur, häst, خنگ
|
| 5
|
*ḱayt-
|
Cheatham, Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/koɨd, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haiþī, bucetum, hed
|
| 5
|
*ḱlews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/klüwid, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleuzą, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-, hlýr, leer
|
| 5
|
*ḱówHwos
|
cau, cavo, cova, covo, côncavo
|
| 4
|
*(H)rey-
|
reka, rijeka, река, ријека
|
| 4
|
*(s)kamb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haspijǭ, cambios, câmbio, hasp
|
| 4
|
*(s)keid-
|
skjold, skjöldur, sköld, 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃
|
| 4
|
*(s)keit-
|
skjold, skjöldur, sköld, 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃
|
| 4
|
*(s)ken-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hansō, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫdělь, schinden, ցանց
|
| 4
|
*(s)kerb(h)-
|
derrapar, déraper, raffle, rapol
|
| 4
|
*(s)kewt-
|
Hütte, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skundijaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skutъ, hut
|
| 4
|
*(s)keyt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haidraz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haiduz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěsta, Schild
|
| 4
|
*(s)kh₂emb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kh₂em-, cambium, cancil, canga
|
| 4
|
*(s)krama-
|
cramen, cramum, cream, krem
|
| 4
|
*(s)kreb(h)-
|
derrapar, déraper, raffle, rapol
|
| 4
|
*(s)krengʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz, harangue, renque, ringur
|
| 4
|
*(s)kreys-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrisjaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrīsą, rese, rice
|
| 4
|
*(s)pat-
|
pantofola, patois, patrol, patte
|
| 4
|
*(s)peh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spēnuz, spon, spoon, σπάθη
|
| 4
|
*(s)pent-
|
pantofola, patois, patrol, patte
|
| 4
|
*(s)ḱamb-
|
cambios, câmbio, thembër, σκαμβός
|
| 4
|
*(s)ḱēwer-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō, cairo, caurus, shower
|
| 4
|
*(ǝ)lak-
|
leg, leggr, leqe, lägg
|
| 4
|
*-bʰi
|
-φι, -եւին, -ովին, -ւ
|
| 4
|
*-lo-
|
-աղ, -եալ, -իլ, -ուլ
|
| 4
|
*-los
|
-ilis, Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ālos, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūlǭ, solus
|
| 4
|
*-men-
|
-ment, -մն, -ումն, armamento
|
| 4
|
*-wont-
|
-oso, -osus, acrimonious, carious
|
| 4
|
*ama-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ammǭ, amita, amma, tant
|
| 4
|
*ams-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/amslǭ, merle, merlette, merula
|
| 4
|
*areyis-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orěxъ, arrë, oreh, горіх
|
| 4
|
*audʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadǭ, յօդ
|
| 4
|
*aḱanā
|
agna, akana, awn, अशनि
|
| 4
|
*b(e)u
|
bubo, bufo, بوم, ܒܐܘܐ
|
| 4
|
*baba-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/babalōną, babble, babiller, babillier
|
| 4
|
*badyo-
|
badius, baço, buide, buio
|
| 4
|
*bale-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pullaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pōlaz, pill, pool
|
| 4
|
*bamb-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fimbulaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pamp-, pamp, pamper
|
| 4
|
*bewd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/puttaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bъdьňa, պոյտն, պտուղ
|
| 4
|
*bhelg'-
|
balkon, bloco, bloke, palco
|
| 4
|
*bolgʷ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/balgā, bajgë, balega, балега
|
| 4
|
*bu
|
basium, beijo, bes, beso
|
| 4
|
*bud-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/putōną, put, պոյտն, պտուկ
|
| 4
|
*bʰe
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ba, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/da, bet
|
| 4
|
*bʰeHw-
|
bedna, botas, bucca, buttis
|
| 4
|
*bʰerHdʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardō, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bordy, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borzda
|
| 4
|
*bʰerHǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brixtā, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berhtaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/brězgati, береза
|
| 4
|
*bʰerdʰ-
|
board, buird, բրդեմ, برذعة
|
| 4
|
*bʰeru-
|
fermentum, ferver, fierbe, hervir
|
| 4
|
*bʰeǵʰ-
|
bez, bezo, brez, без
|
| 4
|
*bʰlag-
|
flagellum, flail, flamen, ब्राह्मण
|
| 4
|
*bʰlh̥₃oto
|
blad, blade, blað, blæd
|
| 4
|
*bʰolǵʰnis
|
foale, fole, follis, fuelle
|
| 4
|
*bʰos-
|
bar, bare, bär, ըմբոստ
|
| 4
|
*bʰreh₁-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōaną, breed, brood
|
| 4
|
*bʰrēw-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ, bridge, brygga, bryk
|
| 4
|
*bʰrēǵ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bragz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bregdaną, abraid, braid
|
| 4
|
*bʰrēḱ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bragz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bregdaną, abraid, braid
|
| 4
|
*bʰāt-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-, boea, boy, buwae
|
| 4
|
*bʰēlHs
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bělъ, bel, biely, běły
|
| 4
|
*deh₂w-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuskijaną, duellum, δύη, दुनोति
|
| 4
|
*dens-
|
densus, des, dumus, δασύς
|
| 4
|
*deḱs(i)-tero-
|
destre, destro, dexter, diestro
|
| 4
|
*dhrebh-
|
drab, draper, drepa, dräpa
|
| 4
|
*dh₁g-
|
ta, tage, tak, taka
|
| 4
|
*dows-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, paduse, дӯш, دوش
|
| 4
|
*dreh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trudaną, drop, tramp, trot
|
| 4
|
*drū-
|
traust, truth, tryst, tröst
|
| 4
|
*dū-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/teuną, boon, duel, δύη
|
| 4
|
*dʰeh₁ylios
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/feiljos, filios, filius, fìggio
|
| 4
|
*dʰewel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwalaz, dull, duł, 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍃
|
| 4
|
*dʰrews-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreusaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuzaz, dreor, treurig
|
| 4
|
*dʰrey-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drika, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dripa, foria, δαρδαίνει
|
| 4
|
*dʰr̥ǵʰtós
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/dr̥ẓḍʰás, دوڑ, दृढ, दृळ्ह
|
| 4
|
*dʰworom
|
dvor, forum, دوار, द्वार
|
| 4
|
*ewə-
|
esvaziar, evacuar, viède, vácuo
|
| 4
|
*gar-
|
grum, grumeau, grumo, grumus
|
| 4
|
*geh₁(i)-
|
chouette, kauw, tschueta, tschuetta
|
| 4
|
*gels-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalzōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/golsъ, ceallian, hlas
|
| 4
|
*gerebʰ-
|
crab, crayfish, crevice, écrevisse
|
| 4
|
*gewlos
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keluz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūlǭ, keel
|
| 4
|
*geyd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kitilōną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъdьliti, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъdьlъ, կծանեմ
|
| 4
|
*gidʰ-
|
Kitz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kidją, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kittīną, kid
|
| 4
|
*gneybʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knībaz, canivete, knife, kniv
|
| 4
|
*grobʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krabbô, crab, krabba, krabbe
|
| 4
|
*gʰelōw-
|
Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьlvъ, χέλυς, χελώνη
|
| 4
|
*gʰew-
|
garish, goit, vēdzele, घोर
|
| 4
|
*gʰneHd-
|
Gnitze, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnattaz, gnat, gnit
|
| 4
|
*gʰneHdʰn-
|
Gnitze, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnattaz, gnat, gnit
|
| 4
|
*gʰrebh₂-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti, گرتن, گرفتن, گرگ
|
| 4
|
*gʰrewd-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grautaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greutaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gradъ, great
|
| 4
|
*gʰr̥mtu-
|
Grund, ground, grundë, גרונט
|
| 4
|
*gʷeh₁dʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwēdą, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gaditi, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/užasъ, cwead
|
| 4
|
*gʷog-
|
cweccan, quake, quitch, vexo
|
| 4
|
*gʷolbʰo-
|
Kalb, kalv, kálfur, kálvur
|
| 4
|
*gʷʰel-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wilþijaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želěti, gealt, zelts
|
| 4
|
*gʷʰrendʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindaną, Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grǫdь, frendo, грудь
|
| 4
|
*h₁esk(ʷ)e(h₁)
|
ešte, ещё, ще, яшчэ
|
| 4
|
*h₁r-i-(e)t-
|
arete, aries, ariete, aríete
|
| 4
|
*h₁wen-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wentā, Venta, Winchester, vë
|
| 4
|
*h₁wers-
|
Uranian, οὐρανός, वर्षति, বৰষ
|
| 4
|
*h₁élḱis
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/algiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elhaz, elk, älg
|
| 4
|
*h₁ólḱis
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/algiz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elhaz, elk, älg
|
| 4
|
*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom, ain, yiarn, 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽
|
| 4
|
*h₂eHlu-
|
alum, آلو, आलु, আলু
|
| 4
|
*h₂elgʷʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hárǰʰati, alga, अर्घ, अर्हति
|
| 4
|
*h₂ems-
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ansuz, 𒈗𒍑, 𒊩𒈗𒀸
|
| 4
|
*h₂en
|
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list, a, an, ἄν
|
| 4
|
*h₂esp-
|
asper, aspro, aspru, áspero
|
| 4
|
*h₂ewh₁-
|
Avia, aft, aftë, avë
|
| 4
|
*h₂ewh₂-n-
|
aonclle, oncl'ye, oncle, unchi
|
| 4
|
*h₂ewh₂o-
|
aonclle, oncl'ye, oncle, unchi
|
| 4
|
*h₂eǵro-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/agrom, haar, àr, ár
|
| 4
|
*h₂leybʰ-
|
libo, libum, залив, ἀλείφω
|
| 4
|
*h₂neh₃
|
na, nad, nade, на
|
| 4
|
*h₂oyd-
|
eiter, eitur, etter, استیم
|
| 4
|
*h₂sewt-
|
Reconstruction:Old Dutch/siethan, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sauþaz, Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seuþaną, seethe
|
| 4
|
*h₂wélh₁tis
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wlatis, glad, gulat, gwlad
|
| 4
|
*h₂élsnos
|
alnus, arin, aulne, halë
|
| 4
|
*h₃bʰel-
|
աւել-, ὀφείλω, ὄφελος, ὠφέλεια
|
| 4
|
*h₃moygʰós
|
মেঘ, মেহ, મીં, 𑀫𑁂𑀳
|
| 4
|
*h₃nobʰ-
|
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nabalô, nav, navel, navle
|
